• 한국방재안전학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2019

현재 한국 내 공공하수처리시설은 2018년 현재 600개 이상 운영 되고 있으며 하수종말처리시설은 법적으로 유입수량이 일일 500톤 이상 설계되어 운영되는 처리시설을 말한다. 마을 하수도는 50톤 이상 500톤 미만 유입되는 소규모 하수처리시설을 의미한다. 그러나 설계유입수량과 수질이 유사한 처리시설은 거의 없다. 이러한 현실은 하수관로의 노후화로 인한 빗물의 유입, 지하수의 침입과 하수관로에 폐수의 무단 투입 등으로 설계유입수량과 수질이 실제 현실과 많이 다른 것은 어쩔 수 없는 현실이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 많은 지역 하수관로 기술진단을 실시한 것 중 대표적 사례 2개소의 하수관로를 선정하여 청천시와 강우시 시간대별 유량 및 BOD 수질분석, 침입수 유량 및 비율 산정을 통해 하수처리시설의 적절한 운영과 하수관로와 그 부속 시설의 노후화 진단평가를 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 하며, 일일 500톤 이상 공공하수처리시설 유입수 분석을 청천시 주1회 24시간 동안 시간대별 채수 및 분석, 우천시 강우영향일 고려하여 동일시간대 채수 및 분석을 주기적으로 실시하는 것을 제안한다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권46호
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• pp.205-238
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• 2020

The origin of mission command can be traced to the era of the Prussian military reforms led by General Gerhard von Scharnhorst after defeats in battle of Jena and Auerstadt in 1806 against Napoleon I. Mission Command is the conduct of military operations through decentralized execution based upon mission-type orders. Commanders issue mission-type orders focused on the purpose of the operation rather than details of how to perform assigned tasks. The mission command has become the command philosophy of the German military and recently many countries in the west accept it as a command philosophy. This study compare and analyze the Battle of St. Vincent and the Battle of Jutland to make sure if the army-initiated mission commands were also useful for the navy. From the late 18th century, represented by the era of Nelson, Royal navy changed from the inherited rigid command culture to guaranteeing the disciplined initiative of its subordinate commanders. In the Battle of St. Vincent in 1797, Nelson acted contrary to the commander's orders at the crucial moment, which gave Britain a decisive victory. On the contrary more than 100 years later, the command culture of the Royal navy changed into a centralized command culture. In the Battle of Jutland in 1916, Royal Navy couldn't win because the rigid command culture did not guarantee initiative of subordinate commanders and subordinate commander's passive attitude of waiting for the commander's instructions even at critical moments. Therefore, a mission command that guarantees the initiative of subordinate commanders is a useful concept even in the navy because it makes subordinate commanders to take full advantage of a sudden change in battle. Today's advanced information and communication technologies have raised questions about mission command. But even advanced technology can't completely eliminate the fundamental nature of the war-the fog of war. War is chaotic and unpredictable. In the flood of lots of informations, senior commander's judgement is not always right because he(she) is also human, he(she) can make mistakes. In the age of informatization, mission command is still effective because it involves increasing interaction and synergy between senior and subordinate commanders by ensuring their independence. Therefore ROK navy also needs to activate mission command. ROK navy must dismantle the zero-defect mentality and apply from educations as Prussian did to establish a mission command culture.

• 비교교육연구
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.191-210
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• 2017

이 연구는 호주와 핀란드를 중심으로 중등단계 직업교육에서의 학점제를 비교분석하고, 이를 통해 우리나라 중등단계 직업교육에서의 시사점을 도출하는데 목적이 있었다. 이를 위해, 호주와 핀란드의 중등단계 직업교육 체제와 교육과정 편성, 운영, 평가 및 연계를 검토하고 비교하였다. 호주와 핀란드는 중등단계 직업교육 체제 측면에서 서로 다른 특징을 보이는데, 호주는 지방분권적 체제 하에서 종합고등학교 내에서 운영되는 직업교육 프로그램을 중심으로 운영되는 반면, 핀란드는 중앙집권적 체제로 일반교육과 구분되는 별도의 직업교육 기관에서 직업교육을 제공하고 있다. 그러나 교육과정의 편성과 운영 측면에서는 두 국가 모두 학점제에 기반하고 있으며, 무학년제를 채택하고, 학생의 교과 선택권을 보장하고 있다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로, 최근 관심이 높아지고 있는 중등단계 직업교육 학점제 도입과 관련하여, 정책적·학문적 시사점을 제언하였다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제5권
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• pp.119-168
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• 1978

This is a survey of the reserved book system in the pilot universities in Korea. We have surveyed only 22 university libraries among 29 pilot schools as of 1977, because of the differences in the library users, library organization, library facilities, and library materials between universities and colleges. In 1972, the Korean Ministry of Education developed a reformation plan for their higher education based on the teaching method of curriculum-oriented faculty instead of that of the faculty-oriented curriculum. The former puts emphasis on the cultivation of a student's thinking, creativity, and judgement through self-teaching to do a given assignment. The reserved book system in a college or university library is one of the most important methods necessary to accomplish the above educational aim. The survey used a questionnaire with 50 question on 28 items concerning the various aspects of the reserved book system in 22 pilot universities. the survey result discovered many problems needing correction. The following list describes the measures needed to correct the problems found in the pilot universities. 1. The management of a centralized reserved book system is much more effective and economical than the decentralized reserved book system when a university is located on the same campus. 2. In the university library, an independent reserved book department requires to gain the desired educational aims as compared with the reserved book room controlled by any other department in the library. 3. The reserved book system should not be adopted by all the departments at once but enlarged gradually, for it needs the understanding and support of faculty members and the university itself. 4. As competence is essential to the effective operation of the reserved book room, the university library should not place an unqualified person in charge of the reserved book department. 5. The librarian in charge of the reserved book department is required to do more professional works such as analysis of users, collection and analysis of syllabuses, maintenance of faculty member cooperation, establishment of measures to acquire unavailable materials, and drawing up an effective management plan. However, he is spending most of his time in clerical works, that is, non-professional works. 6. Three to five titles of each reserved book are considered reasonable and required materials should be shelved in proportion to the number of students, that is, one copy per eight or ten students if the materials are allowed to lend for two hours at a time. For the supplementary materials, the library needs to place two or three copies per subject. 7. Professors must select reserved books with care so that they can be used year after year. 8. Few universities are asking professors the number of class students and the date when the reserved material will no longer be needed on reserve. 9. The library should gather all the lists of reserved books from every professor at least three to five months before the courses open, because it takes a long time to obtain foreign materials. 10. It is desirable that the reserved book department should collect the lists and prepare the materials with promptness and consistency. 11. Instead of block buying, it is desirable to purchase reserved books at the time the library gets the reserved book list from the professors. The library should also inform faculty members whether it obtained each reserved book or not before the course open. 12. The library should make a copy of materials if a professor requires to reserve an out-of-print book or partial contents of a book, journal, and thesis. 13. An independent budger for reserved books from the budget for general materials is desired. 14. The shelf arrangement of reserved books by courses or professors under the same department is much more preferable than a classified arrangement. 15. While most of the universities adopted the open shelves system for all the reserved books, it is more effective and economical to take a compromise system, that is, closed shelves for requires materials and open shelves for supplementary materials. 18. Circulation of reserved books needs a different system between required materials and supplementary materials: two or three hours and/or overnight loan for the former and two and/or three days loan for the latter. 17. A reserved book room should be open a long time after class so that students can have sufficient time to use the room. 18. The library must take daily and monthly statistic as well as statistics on every aspect of the reserved book system in order that the library ma decide on policy and management of the reserved book room in collaboration with the university. Furthermore, regular reports on the use of the reserved book room should be made to the president and the executive council by the library to acquire their understanding and cooperation for the reserved book system. 19. Cooperation of faculty members is indispensable to the effective management of the reserved book department and it is desirable to make a committee which will fix various decisions about the system. Whenever the director of the library make his decision, he must consult with his staff in order to involve them earnestly in the operation of the system.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제14호
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• pp.485-516
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• 2007

자치경찰 제도의 도입 목적은 지역여건에 적합한 치안 서비스를 제공하고자 하는 것이다. 그러나 창설 1년을 바로 눈앞에 둔 제주자치경찰은 형식상으로는 지방분권이나 정부개혁의 업적이라고 주장되기도 하나 실제로는 독자적인 자치경찰인지 국가경찰의 보조기관인지 구분이 어렵다는 문제가 제기된다. 따라서 제주자치경찰은 국가경찰과의 업무협약을 통해서 업무와 관할의 범위를 약정할 수밖에 없고, 약정의 결과 그 관할은 제주국제공항과 관광지 등 극히 제한적이다. 또한 제주자치경찰은 산림, 환경 등을 수사하는 특별사법경찰관리로 규정되어 일반범죄에 관한 수사권이 없다. 특별사법경찰관리의 관할범죄에 대해서는 긴급체포권이 인정되지만, 일반형사범에 대해서는 긴급체포권이 인정되지 않는다. 특별사법경찰의 관할범죄에 관한 수사권이 인정되고 "경범죄처벌법"과 "도로교통법"에 의한 통고처분은 할 수 있으나 유치장 운영조차 할 수 없고 즉결심판청구권이 없다. 국가는 자치경찰 사무가 지방사무라는 이유로 자치경찰에 대한 국가예산지원에 소극적이어서 정원으로 책정된 인력을 신규채용하지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 첫째, 제주 자치경찰 제도가 지역여건에 적합한 치안서비스를 제공할 수 있는 구조적으로 독자적이고 자율적인 자치경찰 제도인가를 자치경찰 이념형을 도출하고 이를 배경으로 하여 제주자치경찰의 실태를 분석해 보고자 한다. 둘째, 2006년 7월 1일 창립된 후 약 1년 동안의 제주자치경찰의 직무수행과 관련된 다양한 실태분석을 통해 미래의 발전모델을 제시해 보고자 한다. 제주자치경찰 발전 모델은 자치경찰 시스템의 이념형을 기준으로 한 구조개혁, 합리적인 수사권 배분, 자치경찰 예산분담의 합리화, 그리고 특별사법경찰 관할 범죄수사기법의 개발과 전문화의 측면에서 접근된다.