• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.815-829
• /
• 2008

Debris flows are a natural hazard which looks like a combination of flood, land and rock slide. Large rainfall in July 2006 produced several large scale debris flows and many small debris flows that resulted in loss of life and considerable property and railway damage, as was widely reported in the national media. The hazard "debris flow" is still insufficiently researched. Furthermore debris flows are very hard to predict. Flexible Ring net barriers are multi-functional mitigation devices commonly applied to rock fall or floating wood protection in floods, snow avalanches and also mud flows or granular debris flows, if properly dimensioned for the process or processes for which they are intended. Overtopping of the barriers by debris flows and sediment transport is possible, supporting the design concept that a series of barriers may be used to stop volumes of debris larger than are possible using only one barrier. The future for these barrier concepts looks promising because these barriers represent the state of art for such applications and are superior to many other available options.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
• /
• pp.302-311
• /
• 2008

There have been repetitive landslides and debris flows on natural terrain induced by intensive rainfalls which have never been experienced during the last a few decades in Korea. Frequencies and magnitudes of landslides and debris flows are steeply increased after 2000 resulting in huge damages of human beings and facilities. According to a statistical data from NEMA, the human deaths induced by landslides and slope hazards occupies 22.3% of the total human deaths by all the natural hazards in Korea during the last 30 years. Among the human deaths by landslides and slope hazards, 85% of the damages were caused by landslides and debris flows on natural hazards. Therefore, this paper summarizes important events of landslides and debris flows, their characteristics, and suggests some methods of damage mitigation.

• 기술발표회
• /
• 통권2006호
• /
• pp.220-231
• /
• 2006

Debris flows are a natural hazard which looks like a combination of flood, land and rock slide. Large rainfall in July 2006 produced several large scale debris flows and many small debris flows that resulted in loss of life and considerable property and highway damage, as was widely reported in the national media. The hazard "debris flow" is still insufficiently researched Furthermore debris flows are very hard to predict. In this paper, a general over view of the debris flow problems along the highway, a generic way for the design and dimensioning of flexible barrier systems will be presented. A brief description of the various unique barrier types will be provided, too. The future for these barrier concepts looks promising because these barriers represent the state of art for such applications and are superior to many other available options.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.1583-1600
• /
• 2015

When natural disasters occur, including earthquakes, tsunamis, and debris flows, they are often accompanied by various types of damages such as the collapse of buildings, broken bridges and roads, and the destruction of natural scenery. Natural disaster detection and warning is an important issue which could help to reduce the incidence of serious damage to life and property as well as provide information for search and rescue afterwards. In this study, we propose a novel computer vision technique for debris flow detection which is feature-based that can be used to construct a debris flow event warning system. The landscape is composed of various elements, including trees, rocks, and buildings which are characterized by their features, shapes, positions, and colors. Unlike the traditional methods, our analysis relies on changes in the natural scenery which influence changes to the features. The "background module" and "monitoring module" procedures are designed and used to detect debris flows and construct an event warning system. The multi-criteria decision-making method used to construct an event warring system includes gradient information and the percentage of variation of the features. To prove the feasibility of the proposed method for detecting debris flows, some real cases of debris flows are analyzed. The natural environment is simulated and an event warning system is constructed to warn of debris flows. Debris flows are successfully detected using these two procedures, by analyzing the variation in the detected features and the matched feature. The feasibility of the event warning system is proven using the simulation method. Therefore, the feature based method is found to be useful for detecting debris flows and the event warning system is triggered when debris flows occur.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
• /
• 제11권8호
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 2010

토석류는 사면 붕괴, 산사태, 홍수 등과 같은 인명 및 재산피해를 수반하는 자연재해의 일종이다. 2006년 7월 집중호우로 인하여 대규모 토석류가 발생하였으며, 이에 따라 고속국도, 일반국도, 철도 등의 국가 기간망이 통제되어 언론에 보도되는 사태가 발생하곤 하였다. 토석류에 대한 연구는 지금까지 충실히 수행되지 않은 것이 사실이다. 원인으로는 예측이 매우 어려웠을 뿐 아니라, 발생위치가 산지에서 주로 발생하였으며 도심지 및 주택가에서 발생하지 않아 국민들에게 부각되지 않았던 이유도 있다. 본 연구에서는 토석류를 방지하기 위하여 사방댐 등의 대책방안이 수립되어 적용되어 오고 있으나, 단점 및 보완점을 개발하여 새로운 기법을 적용하였다. 또한, 계곡부의 특성 및 형상에 따라 다단계의 유연성 시설물을 설치함하여 인명 및 재산피해를 최소화 할 수 있도록 고안하였다. 대상지역을 2개소 선정하여 적용성에 대한 평가를 실시하고 결과를 제시하였다. 연구결과, Site A, B 지역에 토석류 방지시설이 각각 17개와 13개가 설치요구되었다. 향후 토석류에 대한 체계적인 지침 및 방안에 대하여 정립해 나갈 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.289-300
• /
• 2002

The Lago Sofia conglomerates encased in the Cretaceous Cerro Toro Formation, southern Chile, represent a gigantic submarine channel system developed along a foredeep trough. The channel system consists of several tributaries along the trough margin and a trunk channel along the trough axis. Voluminous debris flows were generated ubiquitously along the tract of the submarine channel mainly by the failure of nearby channel banks or slopes. The flows transformed immediately into multiphase flows and resulted in very thick-bedded mass-flow deposits with a peculiar structure sequence. The mass-flow deposits commonly overlie fluted or grooved surfaces and consist of a lower division of clast-supported and imbricated pebble-cobble conglomerate with common basal inverse grading, and an upper division of clast- to matrix-supported and disorganized pebble conglomerate or pebbly mudstone with abundant intraformational clasts. The structure sequence suggests a temporal succession of a turbidity current, a bipartite hyperconcentrapted flow with active clast collisions near the flow base, and a cohesive debris flow probably with a rigid plug. The multiphase flow is interpreted to have resulted from transformation of clast-rich but cohesive debris flows. Cohesive debris flows appear to transform more easily into dilute flow types in subaqueous environments because they are apt to hydroplane. This is in contrast to the flow transitions in subaerial environments where noncohesive debris flows are dominant and difficult to hydroplane.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 1997

토석류는 다양한 크기의 흙 입자와 물이 고루 섞여 점성을 가진 유체처럼 하방향으로 이동한다는 사실이 관찰되었다. 이 관찰로부터 토석류를 비선행적인 점도를 가진 비뉴톤 유체처럼 거동하는 것으로 간주할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 토석류의 레올로지적 특성을 규명하기 위해 산사태 현장에서 채취한 시료를 가지고 점도계를 사용하여 일련의 점도시험을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 토석류는 비뉴톤 유체 중 빙함 소성 모델로 거동한다는 사실이 밝혀졌다. 이 모델을 이용하면 토 석류의 이동을 예측할 수 있다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제35권10호
• /
• pp.17-31
• /
• 2019

본 연구에서는 강우로 인한 산사태와 토석류의 거동분석을 위한 연계해석기법이 제안되었다. 산사태 발생 위치 및 체적을 토석류의 초기 발생 위치 및 체적 조건으로 사용하고 강우-침투에 의해 형성된 습윤대에 의해 정의되는 하부 지반의 습윤 조건이 토석류에 의한 연행침식작용 분석에서 고려되어 강우-침투, 산사태, 토석류에 이르는 일련의 과정에 대하여 일관된 해석이 수행될 수 있도록 구성되었다. 본 연계해석기법은 지리정보시스템을 기반으로 광역적 분석이 가능하도록 구성되었다. 본 연계해석기법을 활용한 해석 결과와 기존 연구자들에 의해 보고된 관측 결과를 비교하여 해석기법에 대한 검증 및 적용성을 확인하였다. 그 결과 시간에 따른 토석류 전방 위치 및 토석류의 속도, 체적, 운동량 측면에서 해석과 실험 결과가 서로 유사하게 나타났으며, 복잡한 지형을 갖는 자연사면에 적용한 경우에도 해석결과와 관측 결과가 유사하게 나타나 합리적인 예측결과를 도출하였다. 최종적으로 강우에 의한 산사태-토석류 연계해석 결과를 관측값과 비교한 결과, 산사태 해석은 약 83%의 예측률을 보였으며, 토석류의 최종 체적은 관측값과의 오차가 관측값의 약 3%($871m^3$)로 매우 작게 나타났다. 본 연구에서 제안된 산사태-토석류 연계해석기법은 기존의 산사태와 토석류 흐름을 분리해서 분석하는 문제를 극복하였으며, 특히 강우에 의한 산사태뿐만 아니라 토석류에 의한 연행침식작용에 대한 강우의 영향을 분석할 수 있다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.133-144
• /
• 1997

기존에 발생된 토석류 퇴적물에 대한 점도실험으로북터 세립질의 성질이 빙함 소성(Bingham plastic) 모델로 표현될 수 있다는 사실이 판명되었다. 이러한 사실과 비뉴톤유체의 흐름을 해석 할 수 있도록 개발된 수치해석 프로그램 Polyflow를 이용하여 토석류의 이동을 해석하였다. 그 결과 실제와 유사한 이동결과가 얻어졌으므로 토석류의 이동은 이와 같은 기법으로 해석할 수 있다는 것을 알게 되었다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.392-401
• /
• 2006

In the July of 2006, devastating rainfalls ravaged the terrain in the province of Kangwon. These rainfalls resulted in debris flows, landslide and overflow over the habitat. Following these events, the urgent field study and countermeasures were to be needed and several methods were indicated. At each site, field observations were made and the properties of the channel and debris flow were broadly characterized. Debris flows are a natural hazard which looks like a combination of flood, land and rock slide. The same goes for that case, debris flow has been reported frequently overseas and the extent of damages has been increased. But the hazards "debris flow" is still insufficiently researched and futhermore debris flows are very hard to predict. In this paper, the general overview of the debris flow problem and the mitigation method will be presented