• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.255-264
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• 2005

This study is a descriptive research in investigating the perception of doctors and nurses with regard to DNR, and data were collected through survey questionnaires. The period of collecting data was between July 15 and October 30, 2004, distributing 128 questionnaires to 128 participants, and a total of 110 questionnaires from 55 doctors and 55 nurses were collected (86%)among 70 different hospitals. The collected data were analyzed using SAS program to get real number and percentage, and were also analyzed with $X^2$-test. The Study Results are as follows: 1. Respondents who agreed with the necessity of DNR was 97.27%, the reasons of DNR necessity were 59.20% of 'impossibility of recovery in spite of lots of efforts,' and 35.20% of 'for the purpose of choosing a comfortable and dignified death,' and 97.2% of respondents answered that it was necessary to give explanation of DNR to serious case patients, terminal patients and their family. 2. Problems derived from DNR decisions were 44.44% of 'lack of treatment and nursing,' 21.11% of 'guilty conscience about failing to do best efforts,' and 71.57% of CPR implementation right after DNR decision. 3. Reasons of implementing CRP for patients with DNR decision were 50.94% of 'for the presence of family and relatives at the point of patient's death,' 20.76% of 'guardian's change of DNR decision,' and 16.98% of 'no communication for the consent after DNR decision.' 4. With regard to who was to make DNR decision? there was a difference in the opinion between doctors' and nurses' group while the group of doctors chose 'by the consent of the family and the doctor in charge,' and the group of nurses chose 'patient's intension,' and with regard to Have you received DNR related education? and Will people who want DNR increase if there is explanation given? there was a difference between the two groups. 5. In the catholic institutions, respondents of 71.7% said that it was necessary to take DNR depending upon the situation, and 73% said that they had performed DNR before. 6. In the institutions with over 500 beds, 91.92% of respondents said that there should be an establishment of guideline book as a written format to implement DNR. From the results of this study, it was found that DNR was implemented and executed broadly in clinical fields in the absence of necessary instructions and/or guideline, and that DNR order was placed to the group of doctors who got less opportunity for proper education than did that of nurses.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.391-396
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• 2014

This study was conducted to be helpful to the expansion and development of hospice and to provide the basic data for Hospice palliative care by identifying the general characteristics of curriculum of hospice perception, level of perception, practice experiences, routes, times, meanings, needs, targets, supply, types, organizations, experiences, use of hospice and physical, emotional, social and spiritual aspects of hospice services. Study tools which were used in this study were composed of three sections. Survey paper is 3-point Likert scale which is composed of 6 questions of general characteristics, nominal scale of 24 questions about hospice perception and hospice service contents. Respondents can reply with 3 answers of Necessary (1), Mediocre (2), and Not necessary (3), in physical, emotional, social and spiritual aspects. Score ranges of this tool are from minimum of 24 points to maximum of 72 points and higher scores mean higher perception of Hospice. Hospice is a behavior to take care of terminal patients who are waiting for death and their family and it should be conducted physically, emotionally, socially and spiritually in order that the patients could meet their last moments of life by maintaining a high quality of life, human dignity and peace for the rest of their lives. Hospice could be mentioned to be a comprehensive care to relieve the pains and grieves of bereaved family.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.708-711
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of abortion and suicide for 115 paramedic students in 2016. The questionnaire consisted of perception of abortion(8items), the perception of suicide(58items), related 6items of the abortion and related 2 items of the suicide. The collected data were analyzed through t-test, Chi-squared test and ANOVA, using SPSS 21.0. As a result, the total perception score against abortion was $20.57{\pm}4.12$ and the total score of suicide perception was $-14.16{\pm}15.76$. The most answer was that pregnant women were abortion decision makers in both male and female students, and abortions were the highest when they might be unwanted pregnancies. The group who had thought about suicide was higher of perceptions of suicide than the group who did not. The female students who had suicide attempt or suicide experience of close acquaintances showed higher suicide perception score than those who did not. Therefore, A bio-ethics education curriculum should be prepared to establish ethics that respects life for future paramedic students who must make decisions at the boundary between death and life. It is necessary to raise the level of positive suicide perceptions through continuing counseling and education focusing on students who have experienced suicide by family members or acquaintances.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.43
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• pp.106-130
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• 2000

When parents as primary care takers to the mentally disabled adult are no longer taking care of their care-needed offsprings because of their own death or illness, instead themselves. who take care of their offsprings with the mental disability? Therefore, 'permanency planning' is very important for reduction of parents' care burden and social integration of mentally disabled adults. Accordingly, this study aims to find out factors which are related to permanency planning for adults with the mentally disability For the purpose of the study, 192 parents of the adult with the mental illness and mental retardation were conducted a survey regarding type of permanency planning, and its related factors including social functioning level of the mentally disabled, care burden, parents' self-perception of being aged, help from offspring without mental disability, social support, and financial ability. Furthermore, this study examined correlation between these factors and residential planning. Results obtained by the study were as follows: 1) 51% of the parents are having a plan for institution and most parents want other family member to take care for financial planning for their mentally disabled offsprings. 2) As a result of multiple regression for finding out factors which affect parents' permanency planning, social functioning level of the mentally disabled, parents' self-perception of being aged, help from offspring without mental disability, social support, and financial ability were statistically significant influenced factors, which has 23.3% of explanatory power. 3) As a result of step-wise multiple regression, financial ability, parents' self-perception of being aged, and help from offspring without mental disability were the most powerful influenced factors for permanency planning. 4) In case of having a plan for residential types-which are institution and community living-, parents who have a plan for the mentally disabled offsprings' future residence as community living than institution have the offsprings with more social functioning and also have more help from offspring without mental disability. Therefore, this study concluded that welfare policy for mental health and the handicapped which secure various types of community living facilities and income security is strongly needed. At the same time, mental health profession is needed to have more active interest and intervention for permanency planning for their adult clients and parents.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.98-107
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data which is necessary for educating nursing and medical students for establishing a desirable sense of ethics values Method: In this descriptive research, a total of 140 nursing students and 124 medical students were selected. The tools used for data analysis were descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Scheffe test by using SPSS/WIN 12.0 version. Result: When the differences in the consciousness of biomedical ethics of nursing and medical students were compared, statistically significant differences were found in the category of brain death (t=-3.26, p=.001). Statistically significant differences were found in the general characteristics of religion (F=3.05, p=.018), and participation in religious activity (F=3.34, p=.006). Statistically significant differences were found in the characteristics related to the subjects' ethical values such as satisfaction level of a nurse/doctor (F=7.39, p=.000) occupation, the experience of A Patient's Bill of Rights (F=2.97, p=.020), the intention to attend biomedical ethics (F=5.61, p=.000), and the possibility of increasing ethical problems according to the development in the field of medical science (F=7.92, p=.000). Conclusion: An effort should be made to overcome the differences in the perception of biomedical ethics between nursing students and medical students. Moreover, when investigating the course of an integrated education for the establishment of a desirable sense of biomedical ethics, an alternative plan that could promote ethical values must be considered so that the significant variables can promote bioethical perception.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to identify how an education program on palliative care affects nursing home caregivers' perception of hospice care and attitude towards terminally ill patient care. Methods: This study was conducted using a nonequivalent control group with a pretest-posttest design. The participants were 101 certified care workers: 58 in the experimental group and 43 in the control. The experimental group completed the palliative care education program consisted of 20 hours of classroom training and 20 hours of clinical practicum. An ANCOVA was performed to compare the score changes to outcome variables. Results: Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significant pretest-posttest differences in both the perception of hospice care (F=21.09, P<0.001) and attitude towards caring for terminally ill patients (F=13.28, P<0.001). Conclusion: These results indicate that the palliative care education program for caregivers is effective in preparing participants to provide hospice/palliative care service. Further study is warranted to explore the effects of this program on palliative caregivers' performance.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.300-310
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• 2002

Purpose: This study describes the perception of comfort by hospital nurses. Q-methodological was used. Method: The participants completed a 37-item a sort made up of statements which could be ranked in terms of their relevance to the subjective meaning of comfort Result: Three interpretable types of comfort were identified. They are as follows : Type I, emotional and spiritual well-being style: The nurses perceived that patients feel comfortable when they feel emotional support from others and spiritual easiness. The nurses felt that the patients put worth in hope for a healthy life. free from pain and fear of death. Type II, acceptive medical environment style: The nurses perceived that patients have a secure and satisfied attitude towards prompt responses, exact information and skilled Intervention techniques. They also perceived that patients feel safe and secure when they feel free of pain and medical staff are kind. Type III, physical well-being style; The nurses perceived that patients feel safe and comfortable when they feel free of pain and have a good sleep and are able to maintain a comfortable position. They perceived that patients put a high value on meeting the basic needs of safety, such pain, sleep and positioning. Conclusion: The result of this study can be used as a basis to develop nursing measures for promoting comfort. Further studies are recommended on factors which influence nurses' perception of comfort and strategies to promote comfort according to the style of the patients.

• 전기의세계
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1980

The effect of electric shock on human body is enormousness, which leads to warmth, tingling, and even death. The mean values of perception currents obtained on 91 men and 39 women are about 0.77(mA) for men and 0.57(mA) for women. The mean value for women is approximately seven tenths that of men. An individual can tolerate, with no adverse effects, repeated exposure to the reactions associated with currents of his let-go level, and the mean value of let-go currents obtained from 27 normal men is 6.29(mA). Lethal currents flowing human body is very dangerous even for a short time. So, it is necessary to have recourse to animal experiments ot determine lethal current for human. An analysis of experimental data indicates that body weight and shock duration are important factors in determining the lethal current. It is suggested that the relationship between current and shock duration is given by I=K/.root.T, and lethal current is proportional to body weight, where I is the current in milliampere, and T is the time in seconds.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.45-62
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• 2004

In this paper, we will take a look at the perception of gynecological diseases in the JinYuanSiDaJia (金元四大家-the four great schools of Jin Yuan), including the academic schools LiuWanSu(劉完素), ZhangCongZheng(張從正), LiGao, and ZhuZhenheng(朱震亨) during JinYuan Dynasty(金元時代). We also examined the medical history of gynecology up until the MingQingDynasty(明淸時代) when the dialectical system on gynecological diseases was relatively complete.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.265-291
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• 2021

This paper explores the academic topography of the discourses on the anthropocene to delve into how the humanities can insightfully respond to the ecological crisis of the Earth through the lens of environmental humanities proposed in a 2020 book, The Anthropocene and the Humanities: From Climate Changes to a New Age of Sustainability by a scientific philosopher, Carolyn Merchant. By publishing her latest book, The Anthropocene and the Humanities, Merchant, a pioneering scholar of ecofeminism, has recently started into inquiring into the discourses on the anthropocene, meaning a geological age led by anthropos/humans. In one of her most distinguished works of 1980, The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution, Merchant has revealed that the modern Western perception of nature, often identified with women, have been figuratively killing nature as well as women. Arguing in The Anthropocene and the Humanities that the anthropocene has been enacting a "second death of nature," which has been practically and technially killing nature, Merchant calls for the insight of the environmental humanities that help us to build a "sustainable livelihood" based on the "partnership" between human and nonhuman nature. This paper contemplates on what humanities can do in the era of anthropocenic planetarian crisis with the environmental humanistic alternatives in ecofeminist perspective to overcome the anthropocenic crisis aggravated by the covid-19 occurred at the point when the climate change was viscerally felt by the humans in the twenty first century.