• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2021

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study is to compare the antibacterial activity of currently purchasable denture cleansers against Candida albicans. Materials and methods: This study used tablet-type denture cleansers, PolidentⓇ, CoolingdentⓇ and FittydentⓇ, along with liquid denture cleansers, HexamedineⓇ, ListerineⓇ and Apple vinegarⓇ. The antibacterial activities of denture cleansers were evaluated based on the number of C. albicans and concentrations of the denture cleansers. Results. In the 0.5 × 106 cfu/㎖ culture medium, the C. albicans' death rate of PolidentⓇ was significantly lower than those of FittydentⓇ, HexamedineⓇ, ListerineⓇ, and Apple vinegarⓇ(P<.05). In the 0.5 × 107 cfu/, the C. albicans' death rates of PolidentⓇ and CoolingdentⓇ were significantly lower than those of FittydentⓇ, HexamedineⓇ, ListerineⓇ and Apple vinegarⓇ(P<.05). The C. albicans' death rates of PolidentⓇ and CoolingdentⓇ were significantly decreased at 0.02 g and 0.01 g. The C. albicans' death rate of FittydentⓇ was significantly decreased at 0.005 g (P<.05). The C. albicans' death rate of HexamedineⓇ was significantly decreased at 1/16 dilution. The C. albicans' death rate of ListerineⓇ was decreased at 1/8 dilution, and the antibacterial activity of Apple vinegarⓇ was decreased at 1/4 dilution (P<.05). Conclusion. As the number of C. albicans increased, the antibacterial activities of the denture cleansers decrease. In the tablet-type denture cleanser, all denture cleansers showed 100% C. albicans' death rate when used at a dose of 1 tablet. One denture cleanser showed the same antibacterial effect with only 1/3 of a tablet. In the liquid type denture cleanser, the level of dilution required was different for each denture cleanser.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.244-252
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• 2001

Objective : Health insurers and policy makers are increasingly examining the hospital mortality rate as an indicator of hospital quality and performance. To be meaningful, a risk-adjustment of the death rates must be implemented. This study reviewed 5 severity measurement methods and applied them to the same data set to determine whether judgments regarding the severity-adjusted hospital mortality rates were sensitive to the specific severity measure. Methods : The medical records of 584 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery in 6 general hospitals during 1996 and 1997 were reviewed by trained nurses. The MedisGroups, Disease Staging, Computerized Severity Index, APACHE III and KDRG were used to quantify severity of the patients. The predictive probability of death was calculated for each patient in the sample from a multivariate logistic regression model including the severity score, age and sex to evaluate the hospitals' performance, the ratio of the observed number of deaths to the expected number for each hospital was calculated. Results : The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 7.0%, ranging from 2.7% to 15.7% depending on the particular hospital. After the severity adjustment, the mortality rates for each hospital showed little difference according to the severity measure. The 5 severity measurement methods varied in their statistical performance. All had a higher c statistic and $R^2$ than the model containing only age and sex. There was a little difference in the relative hospital performance evaluation by the severity measure. Conclusion : These results suggest that judgments regarding a hospital's performance based on severity adjusted mortality can be sensitive to the severity measurement method. Although the 5 severity measures regarding hospital performance concurred, more often than would be expected by chance, the assessment of an individual hospital mortality rates varied by the different severity measurement method used.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.168-173
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analyze death injuries and operation troubles of urban transit. No difference was shown in death rates between Line 1 of Pusan urban transit and Line 5, 7, And 8 of Seoul metropolitan transit. And relief time by another train did not depend upon the number of crews. We concluded that thorough inspection and preventive maintenance of trains and facilities are necessary for safe and timely service of urban transit.

• 한국인구학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.3-25
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• 1990

Life table of Korean population for years 1983 1985 1987 and 1989 were constructed byt the National Bureau of Statics. The ago specific death rates were calculated froom the death registral ion for numerators and the estimated population by age and sex for denominators. In the course of constructing life tables, we have maole some adjustments for deficiencies in regist rat ion olata as follows. First, the non-registered portion oof infant deaths especially for neo-natal deaths was estirnateol and added too the original data. The main reason is that deaths occorring in the neo-natal period and prior to the registrat ion of birth leave little incentive for the registration of either the birth or the death. Second. t he do~hayed p(ortioon of deaths registering after one year of occurrence was estimated and added too the original data. Third t the ptortioon haying in, occuracies in ,~oge reporting was also estimated. Fourth the moving average methood was finally employed in an effort too remove the random error. The major fin(hings are as foolloows. 1. the average life expectancy at birth in 1989 is calculateol as 70.8 years in 1989, 2. a gap netween the male and female life expectancies is widened to more than 8 years toorm 1.8 years in 1906 10. It means that the female life expectancy has increased substantially, 3. the death rates of the middle - aged men starting age 40 are found to he relatively higher than those of females and younger age groups. This peculiar pattern was also found with the comparison of those of other countries.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.88-95
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• 1984

In Korea, life insurance policies are sold to the policy holders by insuring either the insureds undergo a medical examination at a clinic or the insureds' report their history of diseases ever experienced that replaces the medical examination. This study aimed to measure the level of death rates for the insureds between those who received medical examination and those who did not receive medical examination, and to examine differences of the rates in terms of the insureds' characteristics such as age, sex, cause of death and duration. A total number of 32,358 insureds were selected for the population of this study from the D. Life Insurance Company located in Seoul City. Out of the 32,358 insureds, 2,997 received medical examination and the rest of 29,381 did not received any medical examination. Results of analysis are summarized as follows: 1. Death rate per 100,000 insureds for the all was 19.3 in the first year, 96.3 in the second year, 143.8 in the third year 93.4 in the fourth year. For the group of medical examination received, the rate was zero in the first year, 41.3 in the second year, 55.4 in the third year and 268.8 in the fourth year, and for the group of non-medically examined the rate was 21.3 in the first year, 101.9 in the second year, 152.2 in the third year and 76.8 in the fourth year. The levels of death rates between the insureds with medical examsination and the inureds without medical examination were non-significant in the differences by duration except the levels of the third year, which indicated the death rate of non-medically examined group was higher than that of the medically examined group. 2. 73.0 per cent of the total deaths observed during the insured period were caused by various diseases and the rest of 27.0 per cent deaths were due to accidents. For the group of medical examination received, 55.6 per cent deaths were caused by diseases, and for the group of nonmedically examined, 74.7 per cent of deaths were due to diseases. 3. cancer was the most frequent cause which accounted for 22.0 per cent of the total deaths. Proportion of deaths due to cancer from the group of medical examination received was 22.2 per cent, and the corresponding rate for the group of non-medically examined also showed high rate of 22.0 per cent.

• 한국인구학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.67-90
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• 2001

통계청에서는 출생 및 사망 신고가 동시에 누락되는 영아사망 미신고분을 감안하여 기간 출생률 및 사망률, 생명표상의 기간 영아사망확률을 추정하여 왔다. 보건복지부의 93년 및 96년 출생 코호트 영아사망조사 결과가 발표됨에 따라 통계청이 1971년-1997년 영아사망확률을 재추정하였다. 자료원은 사망신고 자료, 보건복지부 조사. 선진국의 사망신고 자료, 모델생명표 및 일본생명표이었으며, 17가지 방법으로 시산하였다. 최종 방법은 1993년 보건복지부 조사의 사망확률과 사망신고 자료의 1∼4세 사망 확률 관계에 의존하여 1971-1991년 영아사망확률을 추정하였고, 93년은 93년 보건 복지부 조사의 영아사망확률을 사용하였으며, 95년과 97년에 대해서는 93년과 96년 보건복지부 조사에 나타난 영아사망확률 감소율을 적용하였다. 영아사망확률은 Coale-Demeny North Model 을 활용하여 영아사망률로 전환하였다. 통계청이 수집한 98년 화장장 자료로 영아사망 미신고를 보완하여 영아사망률을 추정해 본 결과 화장장 자료는 영아사망수준 추정을 위한 중요한 자료원이 될 뿐만 아니라 신생아사망을 크게 보완하고, 태아사망 및 주산기사망 통계 생산도 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.333-339
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• 2008

We investigated death rates, growth rates and recruitment of culms in two neighboring bamboo (Phyllostachys bamboosoides) stands nested in by two different bird species to analyze stand structure and to design conservation strategies. A third bamboo grove not used by birds, the Taewha stand, was included as a control stand. The bamboo stand occupied by birds in the family Ardeidae (the Ardeidae stand) had an approximately 1.5 times higher culm density than the stand occupied by birds in the family Corvidae (the Corvidae stand). The crude death rate and the number of newly emerged shoots were also higher in the Ardeidae stand than the Corvidae stand. The death rate for bamboo in the Ardeidae stand was not dependent on diameter at breast height (DBH) and was almost 40% for culms of all sizes, whereas most dead culms in the Corvidae stand were < 4 cm DBH. Consequently, we conclude that in the Ardeidae stand, density-independent causes of death are operating, while density-dependent factor are more important in the Corvidae site. The results of soil analysis in these stands suggest that the density-independent death pattern observed in the Ardeidae stand may be due to soil acidification resulting from wastes produced by the birds during breeding. On the other hand, the culm distribution and death patterns in the Corvidae stand suggest that the stand characteristics were not affected by the nesting birds. These results suggest that different conservation strategies must be applied to conserve bamboo groves used by ardeids and corvids for nesting.

• 한국인구학
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.47-63
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• 1997

인구동태 신고조직과 관리에 관련된 문제, 신고행태와 이에서 발생되는 통계의 오차. 그리고 이들 오차의 수정방법 등이 검토되었다. 주요결과를 보면 1994년 현재 출생과 사망의 당년신고율이 모두 통계청 출생, 사망 추정건수의 95%를 웃도는 것으로 나타났고, 1970년대 후반부터 신고율이 높은 증가율을 보였다. 이와 같이 신고율이 급성장한 것은 1) 신고서 양식의 간소화, 2) 신고의 편의-현거주지 읍,면,동 신고 3) 신고 불이행에 대한 과태료율의 강화, 4) 사회보장제도 등 개선활동이 크게 작용하였다. 그러나 출생,사망신고는 대중과 담당공무원에게 충분한 동기가 부여되어 있지 않은 업무임으로 완전한 법정기한내 신고를 달성하기 위해서는 반드시 지속적인 경계장치가 있어야 한다. 1980년대에 와서 당년신고의 급격한 증가와 함께 크게 개선되었을 것으로 생각되지만 아직 자료의 질적인 측면에 대한 구체적 조사연구가 없으므로 국민의 신고행태에 관한 조사연구가 필요하다. 아직 상당한 사망년월일의 착오신고가 있을 것으로 유추되고, 심각한 문제는 연구논문들이 발생년월일 착오신고 등의 오차에 대한 검토와 수정이 전혀 없이 자료를 분석하고 있다는 점이다. 사건 발생의 착오신고는 연도별 동태율에 큰 영향을 미치고, 특히 사망의 경우, 신고율이 급격한 증가추세를 보일 때 사망률이 낮은 저연령층의 사망률을 크게 왜곡시킨다. 1970년대 사망신고 자료를 분석한 것을 보면 3세에서 19세 사이의 각 연령별 사망자 신고가 추정된 사망자수보다 크게는 67%까지 과대신고된 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권21호
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• pp.9445-9451
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• 2014

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. Approximately half of the affected patients are diagnosed with high-risk poor prognosis disease, and novel therapies are needed. Sanguinarine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid which has anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study is whether sanguinarine has in vitro apoptotic effects and which apoptotic genes might be affected in the human neuroblastoma cell lines SH-SY5Y (N-myc negative), Kelly (N-myc positive, ALK positive), and SK-N-BE(2). Cell viability was analysed with WST-1 and apoptotic cell death rates were determined using TUNEL. After RNA isolation and cDNA conversion, expression of 84 custom array genes of apoptosis was determined. Sanguinarine caused cell death in a dose dependent manner in all neuroblastoma cell lines except SK-N-BE(2) with rates of 18% in SH-SY5Y and 21% in Kelly human neuroblastoma cells. Cisplatin caused similar apoptotic cell death rates of 16% in SH-SY5Y and 23% in Kelly cells and sanguinarine-cisplatin combinations caused the same rates (18% and 20%). Sanguinarine treatment did not affect apoptototic gene expression but decreased levels of anti-apoptotic genes NOL3 and BCL2L2 in SH-SY5Y cells. Caspase and TNF related gene expression was affected by the sanguinarine-cisplatin combination in SH-SY5Y cells. The expression of regulation of apoptotic genes were increased with sanguinarine treatment in Kelly cells. From these results, we conclude that sanguinarine is a candidate agent against neuroblastoma.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.125-148
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• 1998

Accurate vital statistics are essential for a national health planning and evaluation. Among various vital statistics, birth and death rates, and infant and matemal mortality rates together with the causes of death are the very basic ones for above purposes as well as for the maternal and child health management. These statistics are based on the birth and death reports. It is required by law to report every birth and death within one month after its occurrence. However, in case of a neonatal death occurring prior to the birth report, most of the birth and death are not reported. Thus accurate infant and maternal mortality rates are not available yet in Korea. The main objective of this study is to develop a birth and infant death reporting system via computer network. We designed a new birth report form based on the current form and data from the analysis of medical record forms of 14 hospitals. A new form is basically addition of essential medical information to the current birth report form. Since a revision of the rules and regulations related wtih the birth report is necessary to use a new form, we kept the current from intact to make it acceptable to the government office for a field trial. We also developed computer programs for data input for birth and death reports at a medical faciltiy, data processing for production of maternal and child health indices at a health center, and management of maternal and child health services including immunization and postantal care at health center. The birth certificate and birth report can be printed out at a medical facility. The computer packages were programmed by Borland Delphi 3.0 and can be run under Windows 95 system. We proposed a new birth and death reporting system via computer network after a field trial for data input, transmission, and processing. The medical and demographic data o birth and death at medical facilities will be sent to health centers directly via computer network. The health center will retain the medical data for analysis and forward only the data for birth and death reports required by current regulations to the Dong, Up, or Myun Office. Once the birth or death is reported via computer network to the Dong Office, then the Dong Office will notify the baby's mother of the birth report and request to submit the baby's name by mail. When the baby's name its submitted. the Dong Office will forward the birth reports to the Common Court and Statistics Agency in the same way as the current system, Upon the completion of birth registration of the Common Court, the court will issue the birth certificate to mother which will be used in lieu of the family record. The advantages of proposed birth and death reporting system via computer network ar as follows ; I) The accuracy, timing, and completeness of reporting will be improved and more accurate maternal and child health indices can be obtained, ii) The maternal and child health services of health center will be obtained, iii) Epidemiologic data for pregnancy and birth can be obtained, iv) Manpower for birth and death reporting will be saved.