• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of rehabilitation measures on the fired woodland of Chesuk-bong in Mt. Chiri through the vegetation structure and comparison of growth pattern between natural seedlings and transplanted Abies koreana seedlings. It was also discussed the rate of standing and fallen trees of dead conifers in the management strategy for vegetation regeneration and protection of sub-alpine area. In this fired woodland, shrub layers consisting of Weigela subsessilis, Sambucus williamsii var. coreana, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, R. mucronulatum, Tripterygium regelii, and etc. were gradually expanded, and tree species such as Betula ermani, Sorbus commixta, Acer pseudosieboldianum, and Malus baccata var. mandshurica were also regenerated. The growth of height and crown width of Abies koreana seedlings transplanted for vegetation regeneration were a little lower than those of natural seedlings. The seedlings of A. koreana transplanted in this fired woodland grew about 50.6% normally, but the others had multi-branched or growth stopped by death of terminal shoot. Because the number of dead conifers by fire tend to be gradually increased as time passed, it can occurs to the soil erosion and landslide by weakness of the cohesion and resistance of soil. Therefore, it is consider that rehabilitation measures projects of the fired woodland in subalpine area may be more prevention a natural disaster like soil erosion, flood and landslide.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.174-180
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• 1995

The damage rate according to the age of black pine trees in the Black pine bast scale, Matsucoccus thunbergianae was high from 7 to 22 year old trees. According to damaged degree of damaged trees, it showed great difference in infection rate of saprophitic fungi. The period until the developmental degree of saprophitic fungi became maximized degree of 7 was required about 48 days in dead tree of 100 percent, about 54 days in one of above than 80 percent, about 75 days in one of 40~50 percent, but the dead tree less than 10 percent and health tree was retained the 3~4 developmental degree of saprophitic fungi, after 80 days. The ring width of damaged trees showed as follows. The non damaged trees was 3.52 cm, 0.77 cm in the damaged trees of 100 percent, 0.88 cm in the ones of 80 percent, 1.22 cm in the ones of 40~50 percent and 1.37 cm in the ones of les than 10 percent, respectively. Number of cells per unit area was smaller in the case of greater damaged trees, gradually. Also moisture content was very high in greater damaged trees, and bending strength was lower. Extracts by the one percent NaOH showed a small amount.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 2011

Recently, AR applications provide location-based spatial information by GPS. Also, the spatial information is displayed by the angle of the camera. So far, traditional spatial indexes in spatial database field retrieve and filter spatial information by the minimum bounding rectangle (MBR) algorithm.(ex. R-tree) MBR strategy is a useful technique in the geographic information systems and location based services. But MBR technique doesn't reflect the characteristics of spatial queries in AR. Spatial queries of AR applications have high possibility of the dead space area between MBRs of non-leaf node and query area. We propose triangle node filtering algorithm that improved efficiency of spatial retrieval used the triangle node filtering techniques by exclusion the dead space. In this paper, the proposed algorithm has been implemented on PostgreSQL/PostGIS. Experimental results show the spatial retrieval that using the proposed algorithm better performance than the spatial retrieval that of the minimum bounding rectangle algorithm.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.862-872
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• 2020

This study explores the effects of facemasks on respiratory, thermoregulatory, cardiovascular responses during exercise on a treadmill and at rest. Five male subjects (25.8 ± 0.8 y, 171.8 ± 9.2 cm in height, 79.8 ± 28.1 kg in weight) participated in the following five experimental conditions: no mask, KF80, KF94, KF99, and N95. Inhalation resistance was ranked as KF80 < KF94 < N95 < KF99 and dead space inside a mask was ranked as KF80 = KF94 < N95 < KF99. The surface area covered by a mask was on average 1.1% of the total body surface area. The results showed no significant differences in body core temperature, oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), heart rate or subjective perception among the five experimental conditions; however, cheek temperature, respiratory ventilation and blood pressure were greater for KF80 or KF94 conditions when compared to KF99 or N95 conditions (p<0.05). The differences among mask conditions are attributed to the dead space or specific designs (cup type vs pleats type) rather than the filtration level. In addition, the results suggest that improving mask design can help mitigate respiratory resistance from increased filtration.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.185-194
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• 2023

The 4-axis strain-gauge, which is widely applied to military weapon systems, is operated in poor temperature and vibration conditions, tolerance may increase and malfunctions may occur. To improve this, this paper proposes a signal-processing software technique for the tolerance of the 4-axis strain gauge applied to a military weapon system. First, the tolerance of the strain-gauge and the signal processing circuit according to the ambient temperature were evaluated and analyzed. Second, a software technique for processing the dead zone and offset area that can improve the tolerance of the strain-gauge is proposed. The experimental results applying the software technique confirmed that it operated normally in the temperature test and operation test. Therefore, the proposed software technique is valid and can be used as useful information to improve tolerance due to ambient temperature and vibration when designing a system using a strain-gauge.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.93-103
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• 2001

This Study shows local characters, meaning, value and others (kind, function, material, shape, name) on Shroud through documents and fact-finding survey. In Shroud′s kind and function, Shroud of Kwangju Area is similar with one of Youngsan-river Area, while Sumjin-river Area and Coastal Area, each has its own character due to difference of Burial Culture. In Shroud′s Material, hemp cloth, white cotton cloth and calico, have been well-used in Kwangju and Youngsan-river Area, while silk has used in Sumjin-river and Coastal Area. Shroud′s color has followed Natural color. In Shroud′s shape, Male Jeoksam, Female Trousers, Um, Myokmok, Aksoo, Bib have their local characters. They are reformed in Kwangju Area and Youngsan-river Area. Jeoksam in Coastal Area, Female Trousers in Sumjin-river Area. Um in Coastal Area and Myokmok in Sumjin-river Area, have its unique character. In Shroud′s name, Shroud has widely been called "Dead Clothes", and called "Blind Clothes", "Munnyung Clothes" some areas. In Sumjin-river Area, Summer Jacket has been failed "Deungjigae", Dango called "Ddangjungwee". In Coastal Area, Myokmok and Aksoo have been called "Face Cover" and "Hands Cover", Shroud′s local characters have been caused by Next World, which has reflected local natural environment and cultural features. Next World is so abstract that it can not be expressed well, while Reality is clearly divided into dual spaces : Real World, Next World. Comprehension on Next World, helps harmonize recent values with Shroud meaning and prevents Shroud from standardization and transformation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.77-81
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• 2010

This study carried out hydraulic model test for water circulation system in Cheongna district as part of Incheon Free Economic Zone. Canal way project of Cheongna was planned to establish for environment-friendly water circulation system, improve quality of life and diversification of traffic through using boat as a water-friendly international business city. The navigation canal, There are two intake facility in central park and it can purify water 15,000$m^3$ per day. After purify, water move to 8 facility of water culture area which supplies water in canal way. This process called water circulation system in cheongna. Also, there are several flow induction machine in canal way except south-north way. Therefore, this study will verify about validity of water circulation system's safety through hydraulic model test.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.291-301
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• 1994

In the simultaneous forward-backward extrusion the effects of some process variables including area reduction, stroke advance, materials(Al 2024 and commercial pure copper) on the extrusion load, plastic flow and height ratio of upper to lower extruded parts are experimentally investigated and analyzed. Grid-marking technique is employed to visualize the plastic flow. The influence of using split and original specimen on the extrusion load and height ratio is evaluated by experiments. Experimental results show that the plastic flow if oriented to the part of lower area reduction in the begining but it is usually variated during the overall process. The configurations of plastic deformation and plastic flow are dependent on the working materials and the lubricational conditions.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.41-43
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• 2016

A dead dove was found on the road and submitted for diagnosis. The bird was severely emaciated, with deformation in its facial area. Grossly, white coalescing nodules were seen on the cut surface of the nasal cavity. Histopathologically, epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract were markedly proliferated, with ballooning degeneration, down growth of the rete ridge, and large eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Parakeratotic hyperkeratosis and focal necrotic focus was present in the proliferative area. The facial bones showed partial bone resorption. Transmission electron microscopy revealed numerous viral particles in epithelial cells with dumbbell-shaped bodies, consistent with poxvirus.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.63-70
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is development of bridge design guidelines in Kangwondo mountain area. Much damages heve been wrought by Typhoon Rusa(2002), Maemi(2003), Ewinniar(2006) and severe rain storm in July 2006 in Kangwondo mountain area. The partial cause of these much damages are not consider the regional and geomorphologic condition of river in Kangwondo mountain area. Most of the bridge damages were caused by severe wash out the foundation of pier and abutment. As other reasons, dead trees, branches of the trees and floating materials were catched by pier and deck which make difficult or cut off the flow. Design guidelines are presented by analysis the types and reasons of damages of the disaster.