• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1515-1518
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• 2012

Aim: We conducted a prospective study in an Chinese population to detect the association between GSTM, GSTT and GSTP gene polymorphisms and survival of gastric cancer. Methods: A prospective follow-up study with 317 gastric cancer patients was conducted between January 2003 and January 2005. GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genotyping was performed using ABI TaqMan Gene Expression assays. Results: Of 317 patients, 5 were lost to follow-up due to migration, while the remaining 302 patients completed the study. The median follow-up time was 34.2 months (range: 2 to 60 months), during which a total of 120 (39.1%) died of gastric cancer. The GSTT1-null genotype showed a significant increased risk of death from gastric cancer, with an HR (95% CI) of 1.59 (1.04-3.58). Moreover, we found individuals carrying null-GSTM1 and null-GSTT1 had a moderate higher risk of death from gastric cancer, with an HR of 1.92 (1.05-3.65). Conclusion: This study reported the carriage of null GSTT1 and null GSTM1 might be linked to the higher death risk from gastric cancer in Chinese population.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.566-573
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• 2016

Sustainability in fashion cannot ignore fashion attributes required for the design of rapidly changing and innovative products. This study examines "Re-Birth Design" development and provides a means to apply academic and industry perspectives to the investigation of Re-Birth fashion product development. This study defines "Re-Birth Design" as stock that has been designed and launched through distribution channels, subsequently returned unused, then improved and reborn into a new product for redistribution. This study analyzed specific cases. We selected 100 designs for Re-Birth from 11 brands of "K" fashion company in Korea, to be successfully sold in 2014. These cases are used in the analysis and are categorized into design types. As a result of the analysis, "Re-Birth Design" had five levels: Level 1. Changes in supplementary materials such as adding or removing decoration, Level 2. Changes in patterns or materials (changes within the product), Level 3. Partial changes in design (leading to a new design), Level 4. Complete deconstruction and rebirth of the design, and Level 5. Complete deconstruction followed by the use of the design source for a new product that is not a garment. This study analyzed products owned by brands, as well as successful cases of Re-Birth designs that reused existing resources, reduced energy consumption, and increased environmental and economic efficiency by recreating new products that could be resold.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.277-284
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• 2015

We present our efforts for extending the simultaneous multi-frequency receiver system of the Korean Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Network (KVN) to global baselines in order to measure the frequency-dependent position shifts in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) jets, the so called core shift effect, with an unprecedented accuracy (a few micro-arcseconds). Millimeter VLBI observations with simultaneous multi-frequency receiver systems, like those of the KVN, enable us to explore the innermost regions of AGN and high precision astrometry. Such a system is capable of locating the frequency dependent opacity changes accurately. We have conducted the feasibility test-observations with the interested partners by implementing the KVN-compatible systems. Here we describe the science case for measuring the core shift effect in the AGN jet and report progress and future plans on extending the simultaneous multi-frequency system to global baselines.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• no.spc
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• pp.225-246
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• 2007

This article is dedicated to my colleague and friend Professor Soon-Kil Hong, Ph.D, who is the famous President of the Korean Association of Air and Space Law and distinguished teacher at the prestigious Hankuk Aviation University. I had the honour and pleasure to teach there a few years ago - upon his gracious invitation. Professor Soon-Kil Hong has made a long, outstanding and impressive career in aviation and space activities, both from a practitioners and academic perspective. That is why I have tried to find a subject which addresses these facets of his personality although this humble article cannot do justice to the great merits of Professor Soon-Kil Hong. This article discusses the liability aspects for damages and injuries to passengers on suborbital flights, by examining: 1. Recent developments regarding space tourism 2. Suborbital flights in relation to the Chicago Convention 3. The application of space law treaties to space tourism 4. Potential candidates for liability regimes applying to space tourism 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Liability under international space law 4.2.1 The Outer Space Treaty (1969) 4.2.2 The Liability Convention (1972) 4.2.3 Conclusions 4.3 Liability under international private air law 4.3.1 Introduction 4.3.2 The Warsaw Convention (1929), as variously amended 4.3.3 The Montreal Agreement (1999) 4.3.4 Conclusions 5. Final observations

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5341-5344
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• 2013

Objectives: To explore the relationships between age, cytogenetic subgroups, molecular markers, and cells with leukemic aberrant immunophenotype in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: In this study, we evaluated the correlations between age, cytogenetic subgroups (normal, balanced and unbalance karyotype), molecular mutations (NPM1, FLT3-ITD, and CEBPA mutations) and marrow leukemia cells (LC) identified by flow cytometry in 256 patients with de novo AML. Results: From age group 10-19 years to age group ${\geq}60$ years, the percentage of LC decreased from $67.0{\pm}18.4%$ to $49.0{\pm}25.1%$ (F=2.353, P=0.041). LC percentage was higher in patients with balanced karyotypes ($65.7{\pm}22.4%$), than those with unbalanced karyotypes ($46.0{\pm}26.6%$) (u=3.444, P=0.001) or a normal karyotype ($49.9{\pm}22.1%$) (u=5.093, P<0.001). Patients with FLT3-ITD ($64.3{\pm}19.5%$) had higher LC percentages compared with those without ($54.2{\pm}24.3%$) (u=2.794, P=0.007). Conclusions: Associations between age, cytogenetics, molecular markers, and marrow leukemia cells may offer beneficial information to understand the biology and pathogenesis of AML.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.411-413
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• 2013

Image signal processing is applied in different areas due to diffusion of smart phone, computer, multimedia etc. However, image most is damaged by impulse noise, and the need of denoising technology for improvement of image quality is coming to the fore. The existing methods for denoising such as mean filter and median filter, but they represent poor denoising. Therefore, the removes impulse noise, this paper proposed the modified mean filter algorithm using standard deviation, and as a simulation result, the proposed method showed excellent denoising capabilities to the existing methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.877-879
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• 2013

Imaging device such as digital TV is being popular in a modern society based on communication technology. However, because of internal and external cause of system in the process of transmission, storage and acquisition, image is degraded by noise. Therefore, the importance of denoising technology is being increased, and a research for that is being actively made. In this paper, a weighted filter algorithm that considers different pixels of masks and estimated noise variance was proposed. in order to remove AWGN. And, PSNR(peak signal to noise ratio) was used to represent the excellence of proposed algorithm.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.233-244
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• 1986

We'd experienced a case of primary hepatoma at medical department, Dae han Kyoyuk Ins. Company January 1985. As it was found very early stage, we made out the case long term-survival possibility unexpectedly. The conclusions we gained, making comparative-analysis of ultrasonic view and operation's view are as follows; 1. By ultrasonography, echogenicity of tumor was increased type as compared with liver parenchyme. 2. The margin of the primary hepatoma by ultrasonography encapsulated well and the extraction after operation was same. 3. The boundary of tumor was clear. 4. The space-occupying lesion in liver was solitary. 5. The affected site was left lobe of the liver. 6. We couldn't discover a little fluid echo in upper abdomen on the ultrasonography, but could see in the cul-de-sac area and it accorded with the gross finding during laparotomy. 7. The case was cholangiocarcinoma in view of pathologic histology. 8. After the operation of lobectomy. the prognosis which was passed a months was very satisfactory and she exists until present.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2005.11b
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• pp.51-59
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• 2005

The long-lived fission product $^{99}Tc$ is present in large quantities in nuclear wastes and its chemical behavior in aqueous solution is of considerable interest. Under oxidizing conditions technetium exists as the anionic species $TcO_4^-$ whereas under the reducing conditions it is generally predicted that technetium will be present as $TcO_2{\cdot}nH_2O$. Technetium oxide was prepared by reduction of a technetate solution with $Sn^{2+}$. The concentration of total technetium and Tc(IV) species in the solutions were periodically determined by separating the oxidized and reduced technetium species using a solvent extraction procedure and counting the beta activity of the $^{99}Tc$ with a liquid scintillation counter. The experimental results show that the rate of oxidation of Tc(IV) in simulated groundwater and redistilled water is about $(1.49{\~}1.86){\times}10^{-9} mol/(L{\cdot}d$) under aerobic conditions, but Tc(IV) in simulated groundwater and redistilled water is not oxidized under anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic or anaerobic conditions the solubility of Tc(IV) oxide in simulated groundwater and redistilled water is equal on the whole.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

A bibliographical review of Gy sampling theory for particulate materials was conducted to provide readers with useful means to reduce errors in soil contamination investigation. According to the Gy theory, the errors caused by the heterogeneous nature of soil include; the fundamental error (FE) caused by physical and chemical constitutional heterogeneity, the grouping and segregation error (GE) aroused from gravitational force, long-range heterogeneous fluctuation error ($CE_2$), the periodic heterogeneity fluctuation error ($CE_3$), and the materialization error (ME) generated during physical process of sample treatment. However, the accurate estimation of $CE_2$ and $CE_3$ cannot be estimated easily and only increasing sampling locations can reduce the magnitude of the errors. In addition, incremental sampling is the only method to reduce GE while grab sampling should be avoided as it introduces uncertainty and errors to the sampling process. Correct preparation and operation of sampling tools are important factors in reducing the incremental delimitation error (DE) and extraction error (EE) which are resulted from physical processes in the sampling. Therefore, Gy sampling theory can be used efficiently in planning a strategy for soil investigations of non-volatile and non-reactive samples.