• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.79-84
• /
• 2012

An efficient protocol for cryopreservation of madder hairy root cultures has been developed using droplet-vitrification. In previous study, combining loading solution C4 (35% PVS3) and vitrification solution B5 (80% PVS3) was the most effective method. In this study, we tried three types of vitrification solution, B5, A3 (90% PVS2, on ice), and A5 (70% PVS2, on ice). Combining loading solution C4 and vitrification solution A5 (on ice) showed the best regeneration rate in this study. Histological changes of the cells within the hairy root of madder were also observed in different steps. The cells from the hairy roots of the control treatment were full and intact with different size of vacuoles and obvious cell nucleus having a dark nucleolus. After the stage of preparing for cryopreservation (after preculturing, loading, followed by dehydration solution A5 or B5), intercellular spaces had become distinct, and within cells, the cytoplasms had become denser and week plasmolyses had appeared. The cell plasmolyses were much more apparent and we measured the degree of plasmolysis by calculating, the area of cell/the area of cytoplasm. The value of plasmolysis degree was the highest in the combination of preculture, loading solution C4, and dehydration solution A5, 1.97. Because the highest regeneration rates appeared in the treatment of A5 for 20 min, we could assume that the optimal degree of plasmolysis for cryopreservation might be around 1.97. The changes in cell structure during cryopreservation might be a useful basis for the development of a proper long-term preservation method for madder germplasms.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.187-195
• /
• 2020

To understand the molecular mechanism involved in the survivability of cold-tolerant lactic acid bacteria was of great significance in food processing, since these bacteria play a key role in a variety of low-temperature fermented foods. In this study, the cold-stress response of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum K25 isolated from Tibetan kefir grains was analyzed by iTRAQ proteomic method. By comparing differentially expressed (DE) protein profiles of the strain incubated at 10℃ and 37℃, 506 DE proteins were identified. The DE proteins involved in carbohydrate, amino acid and fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism were significantly down-regulated, leading to a specific energy conservation survival mode. The DE proteins related to DNA repair, transcription and translation were up-regulated, implicating change of gene expression and more protein biosynthesis needed in response to cold stress. In addition, two-component system, quorum sensing and ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters also participated in cell cold-adaptation process. These findings provide novel insight into the cold-resistance mechanism in L. plantarum with potential application in low temperature fermented or preserved foods.

• 정보보호학회논문지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.1043-1053
• /
• 2023

악성코드 분석가들은 다양한 경로로 배포되는 악성코드를 분석하고 대응하기 위해 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 그러나 악성코드 개발자들은 분석을 회피하기 위해 다양한 시도를 하고 있다. 대표적인 방법으로는 패킹과 난독화 기법 등이 있다. 기존 연구들은 일반적인 프로그램 언패킹 방법을 제안했으나, 최근의 패커들이 사용하는 OEP 난독화나 API 난독화 기법 등에 대한 대응이 부족하여, 언패킹 과정에서 실패하는 경우가 있다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 패커들이 사용하는 OEP 및 API 난독화 기법을 분석하고, 이를 자동으로 역난독화하는 시스템을 제안한다. 제안 시스템은 패킹된 프로그램의 메모리를 덤프하여 OEP와 API 난독화에 사용되는 트램폴린 코드를 탐지한다. 이후 트램폴린 코드의 패턴을 분석하여 난독화된 정보를 탐지하고, 언패킹된 프로그램으로 재구성한다. 실험 결과, 제안 시스템이 다양한 패커에 의해 OEP와 API 난독화 기법이 적용된 프로그램을 효과적으로 역난독화할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 철학연구
• /
• 제144권
• /
• pp.205-234
• /
• 2017

세네카는 <분노에 대하여>를 통하여 세네카 특유의 분노의 특성과 분노의 예방 치유법을 제시했다. 이진남은 세네카의 분노 개념과 치유법에 존 듀이의 문제해결기법을 결합하여 다섯 단계의 분노해결기법을 고안했다. 그리고 이 기법으로 분노를 조절하고 제어하는 임상모델을 제시한다. 하지만 이진남의 시도는 분노를 제한적으로 다루고 있으며, 예방적 단기치료라는 한계점을 노정한다. 이를 보완하기 위하여 필자는 세네카가 구분한 분노 1,2단계는 통제 가능한 분노, 분노 3단계는 통제 불가능한 분노로 구분한다. 통제 불가능한 분노를 분노 자체인 분노와 분노로 인해서 유발된 문제를 함의하는 분노로 규정한다. 그리고 통제 불가능한 분노 중 분노 자체로서의 분노는 예방적 차원으로, 분노로 인해서 유발된 문제는 치유적 차원으로 접근할 필요가 있음을 제안한다. 이를 위하여 분노해결기법의 3단계인 '이해'의 단계를 수정하고 '도약' 이라는 6단계를 추가하여 기법을 보완한다. 이를 기반으로 통제 불가능한 분노에 노출된 내담자의 실제 사례를 임상모델로 제시하며 철학상담의 효과성과 정체성을 제시할 것이다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.64-64
• /
• 2019

Screening and identification of genetic resources based on their phytoconstituents and morphological characters potentially provide baseline data for researchers, breeders, and nutraceutical companies who wish to formulate a nutrient-dense diet and health beneficial supplement. Thus, we evaluated the amount of total phenolic content and major phenolic compounds; examined if phenolic compounds could be used as distinguishing factors for perilla genetic resources; and investigated the relation between some quantitative and qualitative morphological characters with the contents of phenolic compounds in 360 accessions obtained from National Agrobiodiversity Center gene bank, Jeonju, Korea. Total phenolic content (TPC) was estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric assay. Individual phenolic compounds were determined using an Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography system equipped with Photodiode Array detector. Considerable variations were observed in TPC (7.99 to 117.47 mg GAE/g DE), rosmarinic acid (RA) (ND to 19.19 mg/g DE), caffeic acid (CA) (ND to 0.72 mg/g DE), apigenin-7-O-diglucuronide (ADG) (ND to 1.24 mg luteolin equivalent (LUE)/g DE), scutellarein-7-O-glucuronide (SG) (ND to 4.32 mg LUE/g DE), and apigenin-7-O-glucuronide (AG) (ND to 1.60 mg LUE/g DE). RA was the most dominant phenolic compound in most accessions (95.3%) followed by SG. The adaxial leaf color was light green, green and dark green in 13.8%, 65.0%, and 21.1 % of the accessions, respectively. 78.8% of the accessions had light green color at the abaxial side with the remaining being described as green. Most of the accessions (96.9%) were cordate shape, the remaining being eclipse. Intensities of green pigment at abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces were correlated with contents of individual phenolic compounds and TPC whereas leaf length and width had no correlation with TPC, CA and RA, and negatively correlated with ADG, AG, and SG. Leaf shape was not related with content of phenolic compounds, color of leaves, or the length or width of leaves. Accessions IT57426, IT157434, IT267710, and IT267712 which contained relatively high contents of TPC and major phenolic compounds (RA and SG) could be used for further research in breeding and bioassay test. Our study result showed the contents of total phenolics and individual phenolic compounds along with the morphological characters could be useful distinguishing factors for perilla genetic resources.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제30권10호
• /
• pp.1220-1223
• /
• 2001

Authors experienced a unique case of craniopharyngioma which had evolved rapidly after 4 years of total resection for supratentorial meningioma. A 58-year-old woman presented with headache and visual deterioration. Previously, she had undertaken surgical removal of frontal convexity meningioma 4 years ago and had been well without any postoperative sequelae thereafter. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a newly developed suprasellar mass. Pertinent operative procedure was performed and histological verification was made as an adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma. She has been showing unremarkable clinical course up to date. Possible pathogenic mechanisms of de novo development of craniopharyngioma are disscussed with review of case.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.72.1-72.1
• /
• 2021

Galaxy mergers are known to have been one of the main drivers in galaxy evolution in a wide range of environments. However, in galaxy clusters, high-speed encounters have been believed to undermine the role of mergers as a driver in galaxy evolution. Nonetheless, a high fraction (~38% in Sheen et al. 2012 and ~20% in Oh et al. 2018) of galaxies with post-merging features have been reported in deep (>~28 mag/arcsec2) optical surveys of cluster galaxies. The authors argue that these galaxies could have merged outside of the cluster and, later, fallen into the cluster, sustaining their long-lasting post-merging features. On the other hand, when galaxy clusters interact, galaxy orbits might be destabilized resulting in a higher galaxy merger rate. To test this idea, we measure the ongoing-merger fraction of galaxies in deep DECam mosaic data of seven Abell clusters (A754, A2399, A2670, A3558, A3574, A3659 and A3716) with a variety of dynamical states (0.016

• 신재생에너지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2023

Levulinic acid (LA) derived from cellulosic biomass, serves a crucial intermediate that can be used in various chemical conversions. This study focused on optimizing the production of LA using two types of pretreated rice husk (de-ashed and delignificated cellulosic biomass) in a batch reaction system through catalytic conversion with sulfuric acid. To determine the optimal conditions, the conversions of glucose and α-cellulose were examined to compare the effects of pretreatment on the rice husk. The experimental parameters covered a broad spectrum, including temperatures ranging from 140℃ to 200℃, a reaction time was up to 600 minutes, and a substrate to catalyst (acid solution) ratio of 100 g/L. The highest LA yield was 44.8%, achieved from de-ashed rice husk with 3.0 wt.% of sulfuric acid at 180℃ and with a reaction time of 180 minutes. In the case of the delignificated rice husk, a LA yield of 43.6% was obtained with 3.0 wt.% of sulfuric acid at 200℃ and with reaction time of 30 minutes.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.321-333
• /
• 2023

This paper proposes a comprehensive investigation on lateral stiffness of corner-supported steel modular frame using splice connection. A full-scale modular frame with two stacked steel modules under lateral load is tested. Ductile pattern in the transfer of lateral load is found in the final failure mode. Two types of lateral stiffness, including tangent stiffness and secant stiffness, are defined from the load-displacement due to the observed nonlinearity. The difference between these two types of stiffness is found around 20%. The comparisons between the experimental lateral stiffness and the predictions of classical methods are also conducted. The D-value method using hypothesis of independent case is a conservative option for predicting lateral stiffness, which is more recommended than method of contraflexural bending moment. Analyses on two classical short-rod models, including fix-rod model and pin-rod model, are further conducted. Results indicate that fix-rod model is more recommended than pin-rod model to simplify splice connection for simulation on lateral stiffness of modular frame in elastic design stage.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제11권6호
• /
• pp.305-312
• /
• 2019

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to compare computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) abutment and prefabricated abutment in Morse taper internal connection type implants after cyclic loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study was conducted with internal type implants of two different manufacturers (Group Os, De). Fourteen assemblies were prepared for each manufacturer group and divided into 2 groups (n=7): prefabricated abutments (Os-P, De-P) and CAD/CAM abutments (Os-C, De-C). The amount of axial displacement and the removal torque values (RTVs) were measured before and after cyclic loading (10⁶ cycles, 3 Hz with 150 N), and the tensile removal force to dislodge the abutments was measured after cyclic loading. A repeated measures ANOVA and a pattern analysis based on the logarithmic regression model were conducted to evaluate the effect of cyclic loading on the axial displacement. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann-Whitney test was conducted for comparison of RTV reduction% and tensile removal forces. RESULTS. There was no significant difference between CAD/CAM abutments and prefabricated abutments in axial displacement and tensile removal force; however, significantly greater RTV reduction% after cyclic loading was observed in CAD/CAM abutments. The correlation among the axial displacement, the RTV, and the tensile removal force was not significant. CONCLUSION. The use of CAD/CAM abutment did not significantly affect the amount of axial displacement and tensile removal force, but presented a significantly greater removal torque reduction% than prefabricated abutments. The connection stability due to the friction at the abutment-implant interface of CAD/CAM abutments may not be different from prefabricated abutment.