• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.567-573
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• 2010

Research was initiated to investigate early establishment characteristics and germination pattern of fine-textured fescues (FF). Six varieties from Chewings fescue ($Festuca$ $rubra$ L. ssp. $commutata$ Gaud., CF), creeping red fescue ($F.$ $rubra$ L. ssp. $rubra$ Gaud., CRF), hard fescue ($F.$ $ovina$ ssp. $longifolia$ Thuill., HF) and sheep fescue ($F.$ $ovina$ L., SF) were evaluated in the study. An alternative environmental condition requiring a FF germination test by International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) was applied in the experiment, consisting of 8-hr light at $25^{\circ}C$ and 16-hr dark at $15^{\circ}C$ (ISTA conditions). Daily and cumulative germination patterns were measured and analyzed on a daily basis. Significant differences were observed in germination pattern, days to the first germination, days to 50% germination, days to 60% germination, and germination rate. The final germination percentage was variable with species and varieties, being 40.25 to 82.00% at the end of study. There were considerable variations in early germination characteristics and germination pattern among FF species. The first germination in all entries except HF was initiated between 5 and 6 DAS (days after seeding) under ISTA conditions, while HF between 6 and 7 DAS, being 1 day later. It was 8 to 10 DAS in days to the 50% germination, which was 2 to 4 days after the first germination date. Days to the 60% germination were 9.10 to 14.80 DAS under ISTA conditions, being 5.70 days in differences among the entries. CF 'Jamestown II' and 'Shadow II' and HF 'Aurora Gold' were the fast varieties. The slowest one was HF 'Rescue 911'. Among FF species, turf establishment speed was becoming faster in CRF, SF, HF and CF in this order. Information on differences in germination characteristics and pattern from this study would be usefully applied for golf course design and construction, when established with FF.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the germination characteristics through the temperature change treatment compared to the general room temperature immersion treatment of the native species, the Larix kaempferi, and the Berula platyphyllavar. japonica seeds, and to obtain basic data for the production of healthy seedlings with high productivity and efficiency. As a result, the germination rate of the larch seeds showed a significant difference according to room temperature and temperature immersion treatment, and the average germination days of the birch seeds showed a significant difference according to room temperature immersion and temperature immersion treatment. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in germinal uniformity. The results of the study are as follows. First, the results of the analysis of the fallen leaves were the highest germination rate in the treatment of 1.5 days of hot water and 1.5 days of cold water, the fastest germination rate, the lowest average germination day, and the highest germination uniformity. This is the best result in most items, and the change temperature immersion treatment of hot and cold baths was superior to the conventional room temperature immersion treatment. Second, the results of birch tree showed that the germination rate was the highest in 1.5 days of hot water and 1.5 days of cold water. The average germination day is 1.5 days of cold water 1.5 days of hot water 1.5 days, but the difference between 1.5 days of hot water and 1.5 days of cold water is 0.01 days. The highest germinated uniformity was found in 1.5 days of cold water and 1.5 days of hot water. As a result, in the case of larch and birch, the seed temperature immersion (1.5 days of hot water, 1.5 days of cold water) treatment is superior to the existing three-day immersion treatment in various analysis methods, and it is expected that productivity and efficiency can be improved at a low cost in a short period of time at the seedling production site through seeds.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2020

Diospyros mespiliformis is a highly valued and threatened tree species within the Sahelo-Sudanian zone of Africa, but its seed germination requirements under cultivation are not well researched. In a first experiment which aimed at determining germination response of seeds to dehydration, fresh seeds were dried at room temperature for 26 days during which their moisture content, their germinability, and their viability were monitored at two-day intervals. In the second experiment, 14 pre-germination treatments were tested for their effect on the germination of dried seeds. Results showed that fresh seeds had 52.7% moisture and achieved 97.7% germination. As seeds were dried, percentage germination gradually decreased with decreasing moisture content and reached 0% when moisture content had dropped to 18%. Meanwhile, seed viability remained at 100% over drying duration. Seeds that were not germinated after air dry also recorded 100% viability. The most effective treatment for inducing germination of dried seeds was scarification using 98% sulfuric acid for 30 min which resulted in 96.6% germination. This study reports for the first time in D. mespiliformis seeds a desiccation-induced dormancy which can be efficiently alleviated by acid scarification. This study provides useful information that will contribute to efficient management of D. mespiliformis seed resources for propagation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.700-705
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• 2006

Present studies were performed to determine the physiology of seed germination in Viola species native to Korea. Twelve species, 1 variety and 1 form were collected, classified and used as materials: V. collina, V. blandaefomis, V. rosii, V. chaerophylloides, V. phalacrocarpa, V. patrinii, V. mandshurica, V. mandshurica for. albescence, V. seoulensis, V. yedoensis, V. keiskei, V. variegata, V. variegata var. chinensis, and V. verecunda. V. tricolor 'Helen Mount' was also used to compare wild with cultivated species. In order to investigate the effect of temperature on seed germination, seeds stored at $4{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for 10 months or 4 years were incubated at 10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$ under 16h illumination with 4 replicates per treatment. Seeds which had not germinated at $10^{\circ}C$ were transferred to $30^{\circ}C$ to assess the effect of temperature change in germination. Germination percent and the days of first, 40% and 80% germination were assessed. Capability of seed germination varied with taxon; Species belonging to subsection Patellares had high ability of germination, compared to species in the other subsections, and series Chinensis was the best among subsection Patellares. Species capable of high germination germinated in all temperatures with reasonably high germination rate, but the other species responded sensitively to temperature with different germination patterns. Higher the temperature, shorter the incubation time required for first, 40% and 80% of germination. Therefore, high temperature was effective in almost all species, not only for inducing high rate of germination but also the uniformity of germination. Temperature change from $10^{\circ}C\;to\;30^{\circ}C$ had a positive effect on seed germination.

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.715-719
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• 2004

The fate of Telfairia occidentalis seed Agglutinin, TOA, has been monitored during germination. While the level of the Agglutinin in the cotyledons decreased sharply in the first three days to about half of the initial level, it stabilises at this level for the following twelve days. In this interval, Agglutinin activity becomes manifest in the radicle on the fourth day, peaking on the fifth and decreasing rapidly thereafter. In the plumule, the lectin activity becomes manifest on the sixth day, peaks on the seventh and decreases rapidly thereafter. No lectin activity is detectable in any plant tissue including the rump of the cotyledons twenty-seven days after germination. The implications of these observations on the possible role of lectins in plants are discussed.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.226-232
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• 2017

Dhup (Canarium resiniferum) is an economically and aesthetically important rare native tree species of Bangladesh. In natural condition 78.5-98.7% seeds do not germinate due to inhibition by hard seed coat, seed predation and unfavorable environmental conditions. A study was conducted in the Seed Research Laboratory and nursery of Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Chittagong University, Bangladesh in 2013 to find out appropriate pre-sowing treatments for maximizing germination and initial seedling growth. Eleven pre-sowing treatments were provided in both the seeds sown in polybags and seeds sown in propagator house. Results revealed that, germination started at first (after 20 days of seed sown) in seeds immersed in water at room temperature for 24 hours and germination completed within 38 days. Significantly higher (p<0.05) germination percentage (33%), germination energy (16.7%), plant percent (33%) and germination value (0.4) was found with seeds immersed in water at room temperature for 24 hours. Seedling height measured at three, four and five months after the seed germination in case of seeds treated by immersion in water for 24 hours was also greater than others. Therefore, pre-sowing treatment by immersion in water at room temperature for 24 hours was more effective in germination and production of quality vigor seedlings of Dhup.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.329-333
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• 2013

This study was carried out to compare the characteristics of seed germination and the first stage of growth in Cynanchum wilfordii (Maxim.) by different light conditions such ass fluorescent light, dark and light emitting diode (LED). There was not much difference from the germination rate of C. wilfordii (Maxim.) in different light conditions for 10 days. The highest of germination rate occurred over 91.11 percentage by LED red condition at $26^{\circ}C$. Also mean germination velocity and promptness index were represented the highest results of 2.3 ea/day and 52.67 under red light, respectively. But mean germination time under both LED red and blue light was represented low data that it takes over three days for germinating of seed. Even though handling both LED red and blue lights, the germination uniformity was not constant. These results may help our understanding of variations in germination characteristics for C. wilfordii (Maxim.) seeds treated under different light conditions.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.16 no.1_2
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• pp.17-22
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• 1973

The experiments were conducted to examine the injuries of $SO_2$, $NH_3$, and $SO_2$ and NH3 mixed gas to the germination and the growth of plants. Six kinds of plants were used as the material. These plants seeds were treated with the gases for five days. Rate of the germination and the growth in height of varying plants were different according to the components of the gases. The critical concentration of the gases for both the germination and the growth were in 5ppm of $SO_2$, 50ppm of $NH_3$, and 50ppm $SO_2$ and 50ppm $NH_3$ mixed gases. When a low concentration of $SO_2$ was treated together with NH3, especially it was reduced to 60 percent of the damage in the germination and the growth. In the treatemnt with $SO_2$, the germination of the seeds which soaked in water for 24 hours reduced the injuries more 40 percent than those which for one hour. It was observed that the seeds with thick coasts or with originally intact coats were suffered but little damaged by the gases, and the external symptoms of an injury were shown, at first, in water pore, and then, in guard cell on the leaves.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.373-381
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• 2017

The main objective of this study was to increase the germination percentage of kenaf seeds with less number of times under non-saline and saline conditions. Therefore, the first goal was to assess the response of kenaf seeds to NaCl. The second goal was to evaluate the effects of $KNO_3$ on kenaf seed germination. The germination percentage exhibited a decreasing tendency in germination rate. Plant dry weight was approximately 0.2 g in all treatments at 5 days after germination. As time passed, the electrical conductivity (EC) value of hydro-priming (HP) consistently increased by 8.7 mS/cm at 24 hours of immersion. However, seeds primed with $KNO_3$ showed no difference in EC values even as times passed. Regarding the priming effect, priming in 100 mM $KNO_3$ concentration for 12 hours increased germination up to 85% in $H_20$ solution and in 0 mM $KNO_3$ concentration upto 73.8% under 0.3% NaCl solution, compared to that of Control. Germination synchronization, shoot length, and leaf unfolding of primed seeds were greater than those of the Control. In addition, main root and hair roots appeared more rapidly in the treated seeds and were more abundant compared to that of the Control. The T50 (times to reach 50% of the final germination percentage) of the Control in both $H_20$ and 0.3% NaCl solutions was 18 and 22 hours, respectively. However, when treated $KNO_3$ priming (0 to 100 mM) in $H_20$ and 0.3% NaCl solution, 9 hours was sufficient to reach T50. Primed (hydro-priming and $KNO_3$) seeds had a lower MDG (mean days untill germination; 0.6-0.62) compared to that of the Control (1.13-1.31) in $H_20$ and 0.3% NaCl solutions. Regarding dry weight of plants after priming, an increasing tendency after the priming treatment in the H20 solution was observed. Furthermore, no significant difference in plant dry weight under 0.3% NaCl stress was observed between the Control and primed seeds. Taken together, the results suggest that 50-100 mM $KNO_3$ priming for 24 hours optimize seed germination rate in less number of times of exposure with great vigor. Therefore, it is recommended for kenaf seed invigoration before planting.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.249-256
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• 2008

The objective of this work was to evaluate the germination of 12 rice genotypes under propionic acid stress, a phytotoxic compound produced in low drainage soils with high organic matter content. The tests were conducted with the first count of germination (PCG) and germination (G) of the genotypes subjective to 0, 3, 6, and 9 mM propionic acid concentrations. The seeds of each genotype were placed in germitest paper pre-soaked in treatment solutions forming individual bags. The germination was performed at $25^{\circ}C$ and the counts were carried out at 7 (PCG) and 14 days (G). A factorial random block design was performed with four replications of 50 seeds per genotype. Our study revealed that doses up to 9 mM propionic acid in the pre-soaking solution were efficient for genetic variability studies involving the character germination in rice; genetic variability for germination was detected in the collection of rice genotypes when subjected to propionic acid toxic effects. The genotypes Guichow, Dawn, and Toride-1 showed germination stability when subjected to increasing levels of propionic acid, and genotypes originated from irrigated system-cultivation performed better when subjected to propionic acid stress. These three genotypes will be a good biological material to for enhance the resistance to phytotoxic compounds in rice.