• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.339-344
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• 2014

Purpose: This study relates to the development of the day and night scope using the reflecting surface of a BS (beam splitting) prism. Methods: We have placed the LCD panel and the dot reticle generator to the top and bottom of the reflecting surface of the BS prism, and have placed a reflector, which is designed to doublet type, in the front of the BS prism. Doing so, we have developed a new type of day and night scope, which is able to image the virtual image of dot reticle from the dot reticle generator to the direction of the observer, to make the observer survey the peripheral information of the outside target by 1x magnification, and to make the observer survey the image of the LCD panel directly. Results: We could develope a new type of day and night scope, which has the function of night scope as thermal image display device at night time and the function of day scope as dot sight at day time, by letting the reflective surface of the BS prism have the role of dot sight which reflects the dot reticle and have the role of reflective optical system by which the observer surveys the night thermal image displayed in LCD panel. Conclusions: In this study, we have developed the new type of day and night scope which is able to play the role of the day or night scope selectively, combining the existing dot sight and the existing night scope by using the BS prism. By doing so, we could design and fabricate the new type of day and night scope with the BS prism which can further increase the rapidity of firing and provide more convenience in the mounting of a firearm than the detachable combination of an existing dot sight and an existing night scope.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2004

We tried to design and manufacture a night scope which is used in the leisure sports field. The whole system consists of an IR light source part, an objective lens part, an intensifier tube part and an eye_piece lens part. We designed an objective lens part to the infinite object imaging optical-system with 80mm focal-length, 40mm effective-aperture and 14mm image-field-size of which the chromatic aberration is reduced by using materials of BK7 and FD4. The resolution of this system is about 25lines/mm at the 40% MTF value criterion. The eye_piece lens is adopted goods to be used commercially to save cost of production. The design technique which gets in this development will be utilized greatly in good developments of the dot, the sight and the day/night riflescope system at the hereafter.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.441-447
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• 2012

Purpose: This paper is about development and design of the 1x optical path relay adapter for the beam splitting prism by us the day & night scope. Methods: To product the day & night scope by using the beam splitting prism and the commercial zoom optical system with the C-mount lens barrel structure, the optical path relay adapter, which doesn't change the image size of the zoom optical system and can stretch the position of the image-forming surface, is needed. We could design the 1x optical path relay adapter by using the CodeV program in which the Lens Module mode is offered. Results: We could design the optical path relay adapter used in the day&night scope with the beam splitting prism, of which characteristics have the EFL of -56.0 mm, the magnification of +1.0x, the distance from the 1st lens surface to the last lens surface of about 20.4 mm. The resolution of this system is characterized by 30 lp/mm at 40% MTF. This is enough to accommodate the designed optical path relay adapter can overcome the resolution of the 3rd generation of image intesifier tubes. Conclusions: By designing and applying the optical path relay adapter of which optical characteristics have the EFL of -56.0 mm, the magnification of +1.0x, the distance from the 1st lens surface to the last lens surface of about 20.4 mm, and the resolution of 30 lp/mm at 40% MTF, we could develop the new type day&night scope consisting of the beam splitting, the commercial zoom optical system with the C-mount lens barrel structure, and the 3rd generation of image intesifier tubes.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.479-485
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• 2014

Purpose: This study relates to the development of the prism dot-sight combined with the thermal imaging camera. Methods: We have placed a reflector designed to the doublet type in the front of a BS (beam splitting) prism, have placed an OLED panel and a dot reticle generator to the top and bottom of the reflecting surface of the BS prism, and have placed a detachable magnifier between the BS prism and the observer by which the observer can see the magnified image of the OLED panel. By doing this, we were able to configure the new type prism dot-sight combined with the thermal imaging camera. Results: By placing the removable magnifier designed with a new type between the BS prism and the observer, we could design the new type prism dot-sight which performs the role of the dot sight by removing the magnifier during the day-time, and performs the role of the night scope during the night-time by which we can observe the enlarged image of the thermal imaging camera through the BS prism by attaching the removable magnifier. Conclusions: In this study, we have developed the prism dot-sight combined with the thermal imaging camera which is able to play the role of the day or night scope selectively, by disposing the designed magnifier characterized by the focal length of 44 mm, the viewing angle of ${\pm}7.0^{\circ}$, and the MTF value of 0.5 or more at the criterion of 50 lp/mm and the 0.7 field between the BS prism and the observer. By doing so, we could design and fabricate the new type prism dot-sight combined with the thermal imaging camera which can further increase the rapidity of firing and provide more convenience in the mounting of a firearm than the detachable combination of an existing dot sight and an existing night scope.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.439-445
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• 2012

IT convergence technology is gradually becoming anthropocentric and evolving based on the low-carbon green growth. Augmented reality technique is a contents convergence technology that can mix virtual objects while maintaining a sense of the real world. For that reason, interaction between user and system is possible, can make various applications, and has a high possibility for expandability. To expand the scope of existing interaction, this paper suggests contextual UX-based augmented reality system. It is a system which creates virtual objects that respond to the changes in the real world environment, and users can directly apply their personal preferences to virtual objects. Also, several virtual objects can be registered all at once, and even shows animations corresponding to either day and night according to the brightness of illumination. As said, it improves user's satisfaction through a system of mixed usability, and leads to a continuous use of augmented reality contents.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.389-400
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to examine a possibility of applying the ABC system to analyze the cost of nursing service on one obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) unit in a major medical center. The activities of nurses on an OB/GYN unit were analyzed for 4 days for 96 hours. 2 week days and 2 days on weekend. Total cases included in the study were activities of 12 charge nurses and 12 staff nurses. Activities were categorized into direct and indirect activities in order to calculate the cost of activities. Nursing activities were defined multidimesionally in order to utilize the ABC system. The 60 nursing activities were classified into the direct nursing activities and the indirect nursing activities based on a literature review, interview, and survey results. The direct activities were further categorized into the single nursing activities and the multiple nursing activities. The indirect activities were classified into the indirect nursing service activities and the general management activities. The major findings of this study were as follows : 1. There were differences in activities according to the positions and duties of the nurses. The charge nurses mostly performed the indirect nursing service activities and the general management activities. Almost all of their indirect nursing activities spent on each patient were similar. The staff nurses performed the single nursing activities and the multiple nursing activities. 2. The activities of staff nurses included medication, patient assessment, rounding and organizing the unit. patient education, nursing treatment, admission and discharging of patients. There was no differences in types and amount of time spent between the nurses on day-time duty and evening-time duty, but the patient assessment activity increased during the night-time. 3. The cost of post partum nursing services for women who had a normal vaginal delivery using the ABC system included the cost incurred by direct nursing activities provided by the staff nurses (85.9%), indirect nursing activities incurred by the staff nurses(19.0%) and the nursing activities by the charge nurses and the head nurse(14.1%). The ABC system is a relatively new method of cost analysis. The results of this study can provide the nursing and hospital managers with useful information on cost control. It is suggested that more studies should be done using the ABC system and extend the scope of studies to include value analysis to aid the Activity-Based Management(ABM) and/or the reengineering of hospital process.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.6_3
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• pp.1251-1260
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• 2019

Existing environmental spatial information, which has been concentrated on spatial resolution, has limitations in solving realistic environmental problems that must be accompanied by physical and chemical characterization. Accordingly, there is a need for an image radar capable of identifying physical characteristics of an object regardless of weather conditions, day and night, and sunlight. Image radar is used in various fields in the United States and Europe. The next generation of medium-sized satellite No. 5 in Korea, which is under development with the aim of monitoring water disasters, is also looking for ways to expand the scope to various applications based on the existing application range. To this end, we analyzed domestic and international papers (100 works) using image radar, and reviewed KEI 2016 report, domestic papers, and foreign papers. Based on this, various environmental issues were summarized and the effects of when the image radar was used were analyzed and land cover was selected as an environmental issue. In the future, we will embody the technology to improve the accuracy of the land cover map, which is the environmental issue selected in this study, and build the foundation system for the stable use of the land cover map.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.103-137
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• 2018

Harold Pinter's One for the Road(1984) is a play about violence. Nicholas, who appears to be the manager of a place, interrogates Victor, Nicky, and Victor's wife Gila in a room for one day from morning to night. There is no direct physical violence in this play. But hints about the atrocities that took place outside the stage make the audience guess the violence and cruelty. Violence, which is not seen as such, is the central theme of the play. One for the road is worth reading as a resistance to breaking the mirror of global ideology, not as it deals with violent events confined to Turkey. The problem which Pinter had in mind, in particular, is that the United States plays a leading role in producing world-class ideologies, and that Britain is involved in collusion with the United States in cultivating such ideological fantasies, both abroad and at home. This thesis analyzes the contrasting reactions of each character in the play based on this social context. In particular, the conflicting reactions of the characters on the system are the most important conflict in the drama. Nicolas is a manager who moves on the system without seeing the truth. Victor and his family, on the other hand, do not move within the same ideology as Nicholas. This paper will take a look at what their strategies of resistance is and how they are revealed in the work. In fact, Nicholas appears split. Nicholas seemingly reacted decisively to the interpellation of the system. He expresses his belief and respect for the legitimacy of his actions. However, he has repeatedly sought the respect and love of Victor. Nicholas is now swaying. The theme that Nicholas presents consciously by grabbing at his own sway is 'Patriotism.' But this fantasy splits through Victor's silence and death demands. Therefore, the questions to be answered are: So why does Nicolas appear to be torn apart in a system that directs violence? But why is he forced to assimilate into the system? What other figures imply? To answer these questions, this thesis will take Slavoj Zizek's view of ideology. On the other hand, there are previous studies that read the system of violence in One for the road from the Althusser's perspective. Surely, this play explores the role of Ideological State Apparatus. However, from the point of view of Althusser, it is not possible to read Nicholas's division and the point of resistance seen by Victor's family. Pinter does not limit the scope of the ideological system as a closed one that regenerates ideologies, but secures the domain of main body resistance and struggle. On the other hand, there are already several domestic theses that read Pinter's work in Zizek's perspective. But these theses are mainly focused on analysis of Mountain Language. What this thesis would suggest is that there is a potential for an ethical figure of Zizek to be considered in One for the Road.

• Trans-
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• v.12
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• pp.51-79
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• 2022

This study investigates the methods for deriving colors which can serve as a reference to users such as designers and or contents creators who search for online images from the web portal sites using specific words for color planning and more. Two experiments were conducted in order to accomplish this. Digital scenery photos within the geographic scope of Korea were downloaded from web portal sites, and those photos were studied to find out what colors were used to describe daytime and nighttime. Machine learning was used as the study methodology to classify colors in daytime and nighttime, and KSCA was used to derive the color frequency of daytime and nighttime photos and to compare and analyze the two results. The results of classifying the colors of daytime and nighttime photos using machine learning show that, when classifying the colors by 51~100%, the area of daytime colors was approximately 2.45 times greater than that of nighttime colors. The colors of the daytime class were distributed by brightness with white as its center, while that of the nighttime class was distributed with black as its center. Colors that accounted for over 70% of the daytime class were 647, those over 70% of the nighttime class were 252, and the rest (31-69%) were 101. The number of colors in the middle area was low, while other colors were classified relatively clearly into day and night. The resulting color distributions in the daytime and nighttime classes were able to provide the borderline color values of the two classes that are classified by brightness. As a result of analyzing the frequency of digital photos using KSCA, colors around yellow were expressed in generally bright daytime photos, while colors around blue value were expressed in dark night photos. For frequency of daytime photos, colors on the upper 40% had low chroma, almost being achromatic. Also, colors that are close to white and black showed the highest frequency, indicating a large difference in brightness. Meanwhile, for colors with frequency from top 5 to 10, yellow green was expressed darkly, and navy blue was expressed brightly, partially composing a complex harmony. When examining the color band, various colors, brightness, and chroma including light blue, achromatic colors, and warm colors were shown, failing to compose a generally harmonious arrangement of colors. For the frequency of nighttime photos, colors in approximately the upper 50% are dark colors with a brightness value of 2 (Munsell signal). In comparison, the brightness of middle frequency (50-80%) is relatively higher (brightness values of 3-4), and the brightness difference of various colors was large in the lower 20%. Colors that are not cool colors could be found intermittently in the lower 8% of frequency. When examining the color band, there was a general harmonious arrangement of colors centered on navy blue. As the results of conducting the experiment using two methods in this study, machine learning could classify colors into two or more classes, and could evaluate how close an image was with certain colors to a certain class. This method cannot be used if an image cannot be classified into a certain class. The result of such color distribution would serve as a reference when determining how close a certain color is to one of the two classes when the color is used as a dominant color in the base or background color of a certain design. Also, when dividing the analyzed images into several classes, even colors that have not been used in the analyzed image can be determined to find out how close they are to a certain class according to the color distribution properties of each class. Nevertheless, the results cannot be used to find out whether a specific color was used in the class and by how much it was used. To investigate such an issue, frequency analysis was conducted using KSCA. The color frequency could be measured within the range of images used in the experiment. The resulting values of color distribution and frequency from this study would serve as references for color planning of digital design regarding natural scenery in the geographic scope of Korea. Also, the two experiments are meaningful attempts for searching the methods for deriving colors that can be a useful reference among numerous images for content creator users of the relevant field.