• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.70
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• pp.41-83
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• 2021

After the revision of the Enforcement Decree of the Public Records Act, the archives created a management standard table for data set records management and performed management and control. Therefore, in this study, the data set record identification procedure and evaluation index were developed for systematic data set record management of archives. By applying this, a management standard table was prepared after identifying the records of 8 datasets in kr's electronic procurement system, and the evaluation was carried out according to the evaluation index, and the retention period, transfer, and collection were determined. It is hoped that this case study will be of practical use to the archives at a time when concrete examples of procedures for the management of dataset records are lacking.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.35-41
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• 2002

This research introduces the development of a project-level cash flow forecasting model in construction stage based on the planned earned value and the cost from a general contractors view on a jobsite. Most previous models have been developed to assist contractors in their pre-tendering or planning stage cash flow forecasts. The critical key to cash flow forecasting at the project level is how to build a cash-out model. The basic concept is to use moving weights of cost categories in a budget over project duration. The cost categories are classified to compile resources with almost the same time lags that are based on contracting payment conditions and credit times given by suppliers or venders. For cash-in, net planned monthly-earned values are simply transferred to the cash-in forecast, to be applied there with billing time and retention money. Validation of the model involves applying data from on-going 4 projects in progress for 12 months. Based on the results of the comparative analyses through the simulation of the proposed model and the existing models, the proposed model is more accurate, flexible and simpler than traditional models to the employee of construction jobsite who is not oriented financial knowledge.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.570-591
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• 2018

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the correlation between gastric emptying measurement by ultrasonography and the findings of various questionnaires of functional dyspepsia (FD) or in Korean medicine to explore the possibility of quantification of questionnaires. Methods: Eighty-eight patients (44 patients with FD and 44 healthy controls) were recruited from October 2016 to November 2017. Gastric emptying half-time (T1/2) was measured by ultrasonography at fasting, and at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after meals (apple juice, 500 ml, 224 kcal). The average half-time (average T1/2) was calculated by averaging all measured half-times. A visual analogue scale (VAS), food retention questionnaire (FRQ), damum questionnaire (DQ), cold and heat questionnaire (CHQ), deficiency and excess questionnaire (DEQ), spleen-qi deficiency questionnaire (SQDQ), Nepean dyspepsia index-Korean version (NDI-K), and quality of life of NDI (NDI-QoL) were filled out by all participants. Correlation between the average T1/2 and questionnaires were analyzed for 79 patients (37 patients with FD and 42 healthy controls) after excluding missing and erroneous data. Results: The FRQ, DEQ, SQDQ, NDI-K, and NDI-QoL scores, especially for some gastrointestinal symptoms and general weakness-related symptoms, showed statistically significant correlations with average T1/2. Conclusions: Our results suggest that gastric emptying measurement by ultrasonography may be a quantitative substitute method for some Korean medical questionnaires or for some dyspepsia-related and deficiency-related items among them. However, further studies using various measurements of gastric emptying will be needed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.426-432
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• 2000

Field experiment was performed from August 1996 to December 1999 to examine the feasibility of constructed wetland system for sewage treatment in rural areas. A pilot system was installed in Konkuk University and the effluent of septic tank for school building was used as an influent to the wetland treatment basin. The system was composed of sand and reed, and operated continuously including winter time. Average removal rate of about 70% was observed for BOD, COD, and SS, about 50% for T-P, and about 25% for T-N. The reason for poor T-N removal might be due to high loading rate and short retention time. The system demonstrated satisfactory effluent concentration and stable performance in growing season. And it also worked adequately in wintertime even below $10^{\circ}C$ without freezing, and removal was still significant. The amount removed in BOD, COD, and SS was almost the same as in the growing season, and the amount removed in nutrients was about half of the one in growing season. Overall performance of the experimental system was compared with existing data base (NADB, 1994), and it was within the range of general system performance. As study period increased, removal rates for BOD, COD, SS, and T-P were consistently maintained and even enhanced, but removal rate for T-N decreased slightly. Wetland system was thought to be a feasible alternative for sewage treatment in rural area considering its low cost and low maintenance requirement. However, the effluent of the experimental wetland system often exceeded current effluent water quality standards, therefore, further treatment could be required if the effluent should be discharged to public waters. Wetland system of interest locates in rural area and is a part of rural ecosystem, therefore, ultimate disposal of reclaimed sewage for agricultural purpose or subsequent land treatment might be available and further research in this matter is recommended.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.193-221
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• 2006

Customer Contact, defined as "the extent of interpersonal interaction between customer and service provider", is recognized as an important contributor to the perception of service quality, which in turn brings positive impacts on customer satisfaction, customer retention and loyalty especially in service contexts. The major purposes of this study are to explore the dimensionality of customer contact construct, to access the influences of customer contact dimensions on service quality dimensions, and to evaluate the relative importance of customer contact dimensions on service quality. Data from 388 customers of hotels at youngdong area in Kangwon-do were analyzed with major findings and their implications for service companies including hotels are as follows. First of all, the results of factor analysis show that customer contact is constructed with two dimensions, namely communication time and contact proximity. Secondly, overall customer contact is found to have positive effects on customers' perception of overall service quality and each dimension of customer contact has significant effects on overall service quality. Third, contact proximity dimension has relatively more important contributors than communication time has on overall service quality and four dimensions of service quality.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 2017

Objective: To analyze the long-term changes in maxillary arch widths and buccal corridor ratios in orthodontic patients treated with and without premolar extractions. Methods: The study included 53 patients who were divided into the extraction (n = 28) and nonextraction (n = 25) groups. These patients had complete orthodontic records from the pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and postretention (T3) periods. Their mean retention and postretention times were 4 years 2 months and 17 years 8 months, respectively. Dental models and smiling photographs from all three periods were digitized to compare the changes in three dental arch width measurements and three buccal corridor ratios over time between the extraction and nonextraction groups. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance tests. Post-hoc multiple comparisons were made using Bonferroni correction. Results: Soft-tissue extension during smiling increased with age in both groups. The maximum dental width to smile width ratio (MDW/SW) also showed a favorable increase with treatment in both groups (p < 0.05), and remained virtually stable at T3 (p > 0.05). According to the MDW/SW ratio, the mean difference in the buccal corridor space of the two groups was $2.4{\pm}0.2%$ at T3. Additionally, no significant group ${\times}$ time interaction was found for any of the buccal corridor ratios studied. Conclusions: Premolar extractions did not negatively affect transverse maxillary arch widths and buccal corridor ratios. The long-term outcome of orthodontic treatment was comparable between the study groups.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.241-244
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• 2000

Continuous $H_2$ production from CO and water was studied in a trickle bed reactor(TBR) using Rhodopspedomonas palustris P4. To achieve high cell density, R. palustris P4 were cultivated by a fed-batch culture mode under chemoheterotrophic and aerobic condition, and final cell concentration was 13 g/L. TBR could provide sufficient residence time for CO to contact with cell suspension circulating TBR. The maximum CO uptake rate was found to be 16 mmol/L/hr at gas retention time of 50 min and CO partial pressure of 0.4 atm. In our correlation of the experimental data with mathematical model of TBR, the TBR operation with P4 was found to be lie in an intermediate state between mass transfer limitation and kinetic limitation. Due to the high cell density as well as hydrogen production activity in this study, TBR operation showed a superior performance to other previous reports on microbial hydrogen production.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.662-668
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• 2005

To investigate the quality retention method of salted and semi-dried mackerel fillets, pH, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), trimethylamine (TMA) and total bacterial counts in the fillets that were UV treated for 1, 3, and 4 hr were periodically measured during 48 days of refrigerated storage. The moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash contents were 45.46 %, 18.87 %, 33.75 %, and 2.99 %, respectively. The freshness as determined by pH measurement could be maintained up to 25 days for the control and 31 days for the UV-treated fillets. VBN contents were continually increased over the storage time. The control reached the initial putrid level after 21 days while the UV-treated fillets after $25{\sim}31$ days. A similar tendency was shown for the changes of trimethylamine TMA contents, although the period differed slightly and the increase of the UV treatment time could decrease the TMA contents. The changes on the total bacterial counts of the fillets were maintained under 105 CFU/g during 48days. Especially, due to the effective decrease of the microorganism count by UV treatment at the beginning of the storage, UV -treated fillets showed lower bacterial counts than control over the whole period. E. coli. and Listeria were not detected in any fillets. Combining the above data and the sensory changes, the storage period of the fillets could be prolonged from 15 days at present to 30 days by UV treatments.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 2008

It is often believed that a more complex water quality model is better able to simulate reality. The more complex a model, however, the more parameters are involved thus increases the cost and uncertainty of modeling processes. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of two steady-state river water quality models, QUAL2E and QUAL-NIER, that have different complexity. QUAL-NIER is recently developed by National Institute of Environmental Research aiming to enhance the simulation capability of QUAL2E for eutrophic rivers. It is a carbon based model that considers different forms, such as dissolved versus particulate and labile versus refractory, of carbon and nutrients, and the contribution of autochthonous loading due to algal metabolism. The models were simultaneously applied to Nakdong River and their performance was evaluated by statistical verification with field data. Both models showed similar performance and satisfactorily replicated the longitudinal variations of BOD, T-N, T-P, Chl.a concentrations along the river. The algal blooms occurred at the stagnant reaches of downstream were also reasonably captured by the models. Although QUAL-NIER somewhat reduced the magnitude of errors, the hypothesis tests revealed no statistical evidence to justify its better performance. The contribution of autochthonous carbon and nutrient load by algal metabolism was insignificant because the hydraulic retention time is relatively short compare to the time scale of kinetic reactions. The results imply that the kinetic processes included in QUAL-NIER are too complex for the nature and scale of the real processes involved, thus needs to be optimized for improving the modeling efficiency.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.421-427
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• 2015

In ASM model, organic matters are classified according to their characteristics and general classification into COD and BOD cannot satisfy conditions required by ASM. In this study, it was performed to study classification of organic matters required by ASM on the basis of microorganisms' respiration rate subject to wastewater and sludge treatment. As results of analysis of the organic matter's appearance, it was found that there were some differences in composition of organic matters between wastewaters. It is considered that it is an important characteristic of wastewater that should be understood in treating wastewater in each process. Therefore, it is considered that appearance of organic matters in each wastewater identified by this study will be used as important basic data for operation of municipal wastewater treatment plant. It was identified that SS was an important factor affecting nitrification through organic matter and ammonium nitrogen change analysis according to reaction time in the nitrification. It is considered that the nitrification has close relationship with choice of optimal retention time.