• Title/Summary/Keyword: Data classification

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Drainage Analysis for the Anyang-cheon Upper-watershed Management Planning (유역관리계획수립(流域管理計劃樹立)에 관(關)한 기초적(基礎的) 연구(硏究))

  • Woo, Bo Myeong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.39-54
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    • 1979
  • Such stream characteristics as the numbers, lengths, orders of stream channels, and drainage density are the essential elements for the analysis of drainages in planning of watershed management in a drainage basin. The drainage net is the pattern of tributaries and master streams in a drainage basin as declineated on a planimetric map. Stream order is a measure of the position of a stream in the hierarchy of tributaries. Density of the drainage is given by the quotient of the cumulative length of stream and the total drainage area. Drainage density then is simply a length per unit of area. In this study, the Anyang-cheon upper-watershed is selected for the survey and analysis of the stream system and drainage density in view point of the useful collection of data for effective watershed management planning. The Anyang-cheon upper-watershed is consisted of about 12,600 hectars of drainage area including the 13 Sub-stream. Total length of the Stream (as described in the Stream Law) in the survey area is measured as much as 71.2km, and that of the Small-stream as descrived in the Saemaul Stream Survey Book (1972) is calculated as 43,010 meters. Besides of this lengths, measured about 43,410 meters of the Small-stream and about 71,900 meters of the Torrential valley through this study. The range of the drainage density among the 13 Sub-streams having sub-watershed is analysed as from 14.79 to 24.10, and average value of drainage density in the entire watershed is calculated as 18.21 in case of including the length of the Torrential valley and 12.50 in case of excluding the same. It is required that the standard classification system in classifing for the characteristics of identification among the Stream, Sub-stream, Small-stream, Torrent, and Torrential valley must be satisfied through joint study of the authorities concerned.

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A basic research for evaluation of a Home Care Nursing Delivery System (가정간호 서비스 질 평가를 위한 도구개발연구)

  • Kim, Mo-Im;Cho, Won-Jung;Kim, Eui-Sook;Kim, Sung-Kyu;Chang, Soon-Bok;Ryu, Ho-Sihn
    • Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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    • v.6
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    • pp.33-45
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of this study was to develop a basic framework and criteria for evaluation of quality care provided to patients with the attributes of disease in the home care nursing field, and to provide measurement tools for home health care in the future. The study design was a developmental study for evaluation of hospital-based HCN(home care nursing) in Korea. The study process was as follows: a home care nursing study team of College of Nursing. Yonsei University reviewed the nursing records of 47 patients who were enrolled at Yonsei University Medical Center Home Care Center in March, 1995. Twenty-five patients were insured at that time, were selected from 47 patients receiving home care service for study feasibility with six disease groups; Caesarean Section (C/S), simple nephrectomy, Liver cirrhosis(LC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), Lung cancer or cerebrovascular accident(CVA). In this study, the following items were selected : First step : Preliminary study 1. Criteria and items were selected on the basis of related literature on each disease area. 2. Items were identified by home care nurses. 3. A physician in charge reviewed the criteria and content of selected items. 4. Items were revised through preliminary study offered to both HCN patients and discharged patients from the home care center. Second step : Pretest 1. To verify the content of the items, a pretest was conducted with 18 patients of which there were three patients in each of the six selected disease groups. Third step : Test of reliability and validity of tools 1. Using the collected data from 25 patients with either cis, Simple nephrectomy, LC, COPD, Lung cancer, or CVA. the final items were revised through a panel discussion among experts in medical care who were researchers, doctors, or nurses. 2. Reliability and validity of the completed tool were verified with both inpatients and HCN patients in each of field for researches. The study results are as follows: 1. Standard for discharge with HCN referral The referral standard for home care, which included criteria for discharge with HCN referral and criteria leaving the hospital were established. These were developed through content analysis from the results of an open-ended questionnaire to related doctors concerning characteristic for discharge with HCN referral for each of the disease groups. The final criteria was decided by discussion among the researchers. 2. Instrument for measurement of health statusPatient health status was measured pre and post home care by direct observation and interview with an open-ended questionnaire which consisted of 61 items based on Gorden's nursing diagnosis classification. These included seven items on health knowledge and health management, eight items on nutrition and metabolism, three items on elimination, five items on activity and exercise, seven items on perception and cognition, three items on sleep and rest, three items on self-perception, three items on role and interpersonal relations, five items on sexuality and reproduction, five items on coping and stress, four items on value and religion, three items on family. and three items on facilities and environment. 3. Instrument for measurement of self-care The instrument for self-care measurement was classified with scales according to the attributes of the disease. Each scale measured understanding level and practice level by a Yes or No scale. Understanding level was measured by interview but practice level was measured by both observation and interview. Items for self-care measurement included 14 for patients with a CVA, five for women who had a cis, ten for patients with lung cancer, 12 for patients with COPD, five for patients with a simple nephrectomy, and 11 for patients with LC. 4. Record for follow-up management This included (1) OPD visit sheet, (2) ER visit form, (3) complications problem form, (4) readmission sheet. and (5) visit note for others medical centers which included visit date, reason for visit, patient name, caregivers, sex, age, time and cost required for visit, and traffic expenses, that is, there were open-end items that investigated OPD visits, emergency room visits, the problem and solution of complications, readmissions and visits to other medical institution to measure health problems and expenditures during the follow up period. 5. Instrument to measure patients satisfaction The satisfaction measurement instrument by Reisseer(1975) was referred to for the development of a tool to measure patient home care satisfaction. The instrument was an open-ended questionnaire which consisted of 11 domains; treatment, nursing care, information, time consumption, accessibility, rapidity, treatment skill, service relevance, attitude, satisfaction factors, dissatisfaction factors, overall satisfaction about nursing care, and others. In conclusion, Five evaluation instruments were developed for home care nursing. These were (1)standard for discharge with HCN referral. (2)instrument for measurement of health status, (3)instrument for measurement of self-care. (4)record for follow-up management, and (5)instrument to measure patient satisfaction. Also, the five instruments can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the service to assure quality. Further research is needed to increase the reliability and validity of instrument through a community-based HCN evaluation.

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A study on the method of developing achievement and assessment standards for the Subject of "Human Development", "Food and Nutrition" (가사ㆍ실업계 고등학교 전문교과에 대한 성취기준 및 평가기준 개발 방안 연구 -"인간발달"및 "식품과 영양"과목을 중심으로-)

  • Wang Seok-Soon
    • Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.81-98
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    • 2004
  • This study is to conduct the basic study for the achievement and assessment standards for the subject of 'Human Development' and 'Food and Nutrition', which are the curricula of Vocational Home Economics High Schools. These two subjects were newly adopted in the Vocational study Section of the 2005 College Entrance Examinations. In other words, this study is to provide the basic data for implementing the quality education based on the proper assessment of the curricula. For this purpose. this study analyzed the character & objective of 'Human Development' and 'Food and Nutrition'. Secondly. through the theoretical review for the concept & necessity of absolute evaluation standards. this study ensures the concept of achievement and assessment standards. and also designs the developing measures (including procedures). The achievement standards were developed by the following 5 step procedures. (1) Analyzing the objectives & contents of curricula. (2) Designating the development field of achievement standards (3) Developing the achievement standards. (4) The assessment of achievement standards. (5) Confirming the achievement standards. The assessment standards were developed by the following 5 step procedures. (1) Analyzing the achievement standards, (2) Designating the assessment field (3) Developing the assessment standards (4) Evaluating the assessment standards (5) Confirming the assessment standards Thirdly, this study suggested the exemplary achievement standards and assessment standards for the subject of Human Development, Food and Nutrition. Future study needs some critical review for the method of developing achievement and assessment standards for the subject of Human Development, Food and Nutrition. For example. the properness of 'Contents Element' which was designated as the developing field in the achievement standards, the discussion on validity of Contents Element abstract. the base of evaluating classification in terms of low, middle and high level, and other things should be considered through critical discussion. Especially the follow-up study should include the development of various evaluating methods to enable the clear communication for the achievement and assessment standards based on abstract concept and theory, thereby it could enable the actual interpretation and practical use.

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The Analysis of Biology in the 6th Middle School Science Textbooks based on Criteria for Selecting Curriculum Objectives (교육과정의 목표 설정 준거에 따른 제 6차 중학교 과학교과서 생물영역 분석)

  • Hong, Jung-Lim;Kang, Kyoung-Mi;Yeou, Sung-Hee;Chang, Nam-Kee
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.239-247
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    • 1999
  • This study is to make suggestion for developing textbook systematically by analyzing biological contents and organization in science textbooks which are important instructional media to accomplish objectives of the 6th middle school science curriculum. The inclusiveness degree of the 6th science educational objectives reflected in the textbooks was analyzed by Klopfer's and the Korean Educational Department's objectives taxonomy. And the biological contents and the organization of the science textbook were analyzed by learner, subject matter, and society dimensions which are selecting criteria for curriculum objectives suggested in Tyler's curriculum model. The analyzed results are as follows: 1. The inclusiveness degree of the educational objectives was very low. 2. Regarding the dimension of learner, the concepts of formal operational cognitive level were much increased as grade becomes higher. And the degree of learner's interests reflected on the learning topics and domains was very low. 3. Regarding the dimension of subject matter, the concept-centered learning was increased, in relation to inquiry learning as grade becomes higher. The analyzed results of inquiry subskills showed that observation, classification, and recording skills in 1st grade, observation and operation skills in 2nd grade, and interpreting data skills in 3rd grade were centered. As the problems and processes were presented, so most of inquiry activities had low openness scale. The learning contexts were organized into discipline-centered in relation to real life. 4. Regarding society dimension, the learning topics of environments and health were much presented. but those of biotechnology and career were presented scarcely. And most learning topics related society dimension were organized in textbooks of the 2nd and 3rd grade. These suggested that to accomplish curriculum objectives effectively. the inclusiveness degree of educational objectives is to increase and, the contents and organization of textbook were constructed harmoniously in aspects of learner, subject matter and society dimensions.

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An Analysis of Vegetation-Environment Relationships of Pinus densiflora for. erecta and Chunyang-type of Pinus densiflora Communities by TWINSPAN and DCCA (TWINSPAN과 DCCA에 의한 금강(金剛)소나무 및 춘양목(春陽木)소나무 군집(群集)과 환경(環境)의 상관관계(相關關係) 분석(分析))

  • Song, Ho Kyung;Kim, Seong Deog;Jang, Kyu Kwan
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.84 no.2
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    • pp.266-274
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    • 1995
  • Vegetational data from 62 quadrats of Pinus densiflora for. erecta and Chunyang-type of Pines densiflora forests were analyzed by using two multivariate methods : TWo-way INdicator Species ANalysis(TWINSPAN) for classification and Detrended Canonical Correspondence Analysis(DCCA) for ordination. The dominant tree species of Pinus densiflora for. erecta communities were found in the order of Pines densiflora for. erecta, Quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis, Lindera obtusiloba, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, and Rhus trichocapa. The dominant tree species of Chunyang -type of Pinus densiflora communities were Quercue variabilis. Quercue mongolica, Fraxiraus sieboldiana, Styrax obassia, and Quercus serrata. The forest vegetation of Pinus densiflora was classified into Quercars variabilis-Styrax obassia. Quercus variabilis Quercus variabilis-Quercus mongolica, and Quercue mongolica communities according to TWINSPAN. Pinus densiflora for. erecta community was distributed in the good nutrition area of total nitrogen. organic matter, $K^+$, $Ca^{{+}+}$, $Mg^{{+}+}$, and canon exchange capacity, while Chunyang type of Pinus densiflora community in the good nutrition area of $P_2O_5$. The relationship between the distribution of dominant communities for forest vegetation and soil condition in Pinus densiflora communities was investigated by analysing the elevation and soil nutrition gradients. Quercus mongolica community was distributed in the high elevation and good nutrition area of total nitrogen, organic matter, and ration exchange capacity, while Quercus variabilis community was distributed in the low elevation and poor nutrition area of total nitrogen, organic matter, and ration exchange capacity. Quercus variabilis Styrax obassia and Quercus variabilis-Quercus mongolica community was distributed en the medium elevation and medium nutrition area.

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Statistical Analysis of Water Flow and Water Quality Data in the Imjin River Basin for Total Pollutant Load Management (임진강 유역 오염물질 총량관리를 위한 유량-수질 자료의 통계분석)

  • Cho, Yong-Chul;Choi, Hyeon-Mi;Lee, Young Joon;Ryu, Ingu;Lee, Myung-Gu;Gu, Donghoi;Choi, Kyungwan;Yu, Soonju
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.353-366
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study was assessment the quality of water by using the statistical analysis technique of the Water flow and water quality from January 2012 to December 2016 at the unit basin for total pollutant load management system (TPLMS) in the Imjin River. Water flow and water quality were monitored at an average of 8 day intervals, 11 parameters were used for correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis (FA), and cluster analysis (CA). The Hierarchical CA was classified into three according to the change of space, such as natural rivers, urban rivers, point with large influence of point pollution source, it was found that the type of contamination source the similarity of water quality affected the classification of cluster. Using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Analysis, there were statistically significant differences between mean values among the clusters. Correlation analysis showed the correlation coefficient between $COD_{Mn}$ and TOC was 0.951 (p<0.01) and the correlation was statistically significantly higher. According to the result PCA and FA, 3 principal components can explaining 72% of the total variations in water quality characteristics and main factor was EC, $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$, TN, TP and TOC indirect indicators of organic matter and nutrients were influenced. This study presented the regression equation obtained by applying the factor scores to the multiple linear regression analysis and concluded that the management Indirect indicators of organic matter and nutrients is important for water quality management in the Imjin River basin.

Clinical Manifestation and Treatment Outcome of Lupus Nephritis in Children (소아 루프스 신염의 임상양상 및 치료결과)

  • Park Jee-Min;Shin Jae-Il;Kim Pyung-Kil;Lee Jae-Seung
    • Childhood Kidney Diseases
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.155-168
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    • 2002
  • Purpose; Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is an autoimmune disease with multi-system involvement and renal damage is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Renal involvement is more common and severe in children than in adults. Therefore, renal biopsy plays a crucial role in planning effective therapy. In this study, we investigated the clinical and pathological findings of lupus nephritis in children to aid clinical care of the disease. Methods: The clinical and pathological data of 40 patients who were diagnosed as SLE with renal involvement in Shinchon Severance Hospital from Jan. 1990 to Sep. 2002 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The ratio of male to female patients was 1:3 and the median age at diagnosis was 12.1(2-18) years old. FANA(95.0%), anti-ds DNA antibody(87.5%), malar rash(80.0%) were the most common findings among the classification criteria by ARA. Microscopic hematuria with proteinuria(75.0%), nephrotic syndrome(55.0%), and microscopic hematuria alone(15.0%) were the most common renal presentations in the respective order at diagnosis. There were 27 cases with WHO class IV lupus nephritis confirmed by renal biopsy and 3 cases with pathological changes of WHO class type. Different treatment modalities were carried out : prednisolone only in 5 cases, prednisol-one+azat-hioprine in 9 cases, prednisolone+azathioprine+intravenous cyclophosphamide in 14 cases, prednisolone+cyclosporine A+intravenous cyclophosphamide in 12 cases, plasma exchange in 9 cases and intravenous gamma-globulin in 2 cases. The average follow-up period was $51.8{\pm}40.5$ months. During $51.8{\pm}40.5$ months. During follow-up, 4 patients expired. The risk factors associated with mortality were male, WHO class IV and acute renal failure at diagnosis. Conclusion: Renal involvement was noted in 63.5% of childhood SLE, and 67.5% of renal lesion was WHO class IV lupus nephritis which is known to be associated with a poor prognosis. Therefore aggressive treatment employing immunosuppressant during the early stages of disease could be helpful in improving long-term prognosis. But careful attention should be given to optimize the treatment due to unique problems associated with growth, psychosocial development and gonadal toxicity, especially in children.

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE THEMATIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY AND THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY (90년대 이후 미국과 일본 소아치과학회지 게재논문의 분야별 분포에 관한 비교 연구)

  • Yeom, Junng-Hyun;Kim, Shin;Jeong, Tae-Sung
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.539-554
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    • 2002
  • To identify the trend of pediatric dentistry in USA and Japan, closely related to Korean pediatric dentistry. The Japanese Journal of Pediatric Dentistry(JJPD) and The Journal of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry(PD) were reviewed. We collected the bibliographical data of the articles published in the two journals from 1991 to 2000. We analyzed thematic distributions and chronological changes, and then compare those of two groups. The following results were obtained: 1. The 869 articles were published in JJPD and 672 in PD. This was about 30% more in JJPD. 2. In both JJPD and PD, the case reports were a quarter of scientific articles in quantity. 3. The studies on the systemic diseases had the highest proportion in both JJPD and PD. The studies on the dental caries and restorative materials also had high proportion in both journals. 4. The studies on the sedation and biochemical survey had high proportion in PD when had low proportion in JJPD. To the contrary, The studies on the behavior science in JJPD were about double of those in PD. 5. There was no statistically significant difference in quantity between JJPD and PD in the studies on the dental caries, prevention of dental caries, community dental survey, conservative treatment, restorative materials, pulp treatment, diagnosis and treatment of malocclusion, oral pathology and minor surgery, local anesthesia and nerve tissue, traumatic injuries. 6. There was statistically significant increase in the studies on the dental equipment in JJPD and in those on restorative materials in PD. 7. There was statistically significant decrease in the studies on the prevention of dental caries and local anesthesia and nerve tissue in JJPD, and those on conservative treatment in PD.

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An Analysis for the Economic Impact of Forest Road Investment (임도시설 투자의 경제적 파급효과 분석)

  • Lee, Seung-Jung;Jung, Byung-Heon;Kim, Ki-Dong;Jeon, Hyon-Sun;Jo, Min-Woo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.106 no.2
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    • pp.219-229
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    • 2017
  • Forest road is an essential infrastructure for forest management such as the composition and management of forest resources, timber and forest byproduct production & transportation. It has recently been utilized forest recreation and forest sports as well as also forest pest control, forest fire prevention and evolution. When you build a forest road, the economic function in the forest is activated, so that it can result in the ripple effect of induced employment, value-added creation and production inducement. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact caused by forest road construction occurring as the overall economy. For analysis it was applied to inter industry analysis method that is a method for analyzing the quantitative cross-correlation. The data were used in the Input-Output Tables In 2014, the Bank of Korea. When you build a forest road, economic effect due to the construction of the forest road is generated and economic effects are also generated due to the increase in the production of forest products after the construction of the forest road. Therefore, we will analyze the economic impact of the two effects. The estimated economic value of forest products, which is the economic effect of forest product cultivation, was calculated through some assumptions and the economic ripple effect was analyzed. The forest road construction sector is defined as land clearing and reclamation, and irrigation project construction and the forestry forest products sector is defined as the sum of raw timber, edible forest products and misc. forest products. In total, 32 sectors were classified, and except for the two sectors defined as forest road construction and forestry forest products, the remaining sectors were integrated according to the classification system of 30 integrated classifications of the Bank of Korea. As a result, the production inducement coefficient for forest construction was analyzed to be 2.767 and the production inducement coefficient for forestry forest products was analyzed to be 1.565. This means that 2,767 times the production of forest road construction investment is induced in the whole industry and the production of 1.562 times the amount of forestry forest products is caused by the whole industry as the production of forestry forest products increases. The value added inducement coefficient for forest road construction was 0.977 and the value added inducement coefficient for forestry forest products was 0.985. Forest road are essential infrastructure for forestry development and should be continuously invested because they are essential elements of timber production and forest byproduct production with functions such as forest management, forest recreation, forest sports, and town connection.

Neutrophil Count and the Inflammation-based Glasgow Prognostic Score Predict Survival in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer Receiving First-line Chemotherapy

  • Li, Qing-Qing;Lu, Zhi-Hao;Yang, Li;Lu, Ming;Zhang, Xiao-Tian;Li, Jian;Zhou, Jun;Wang, Xi-Cheng;Gong, Ji-Fang;Gao, Jing;Li, Jie;Li, Yan;Shen, Lin
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.945-950
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: To explore the value of systemic inflammatory markers as independent prognostic factors and the extent these markers improve prognostic classification for patients with inoperable advanced or metastatic gastric cancer (GC) receiving palliative chemotherapy. Methods: We studied the prognostic value of systemic inflammatory factors such as circulating white blood cell count and its components as well as that combined to form inflammation-based prognostic scores (Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Prognostic Index (PI) and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI)) in 384 patients with inoperable advanced or metastatic gastric cancer (GC) receiving first-line chemotherapy. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the impact of inflammatory markers on overall survival (OS). Results: Univariate analysis revealed that an elevated white blood cell, neutrophil and/or platelet count, a decreased lymphocyte count, a low serum albumin concentration, and high CRP concentration, as well as elevated NLR/PLR, GPS, PI, PNI were significant predictors of shorter OS. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that only elevated neutrophil count (HR 3.696, p=0.003) and higher GPS (HR 1.621, p=0.01) were independent predictors of poor OS. Conclusion: This study demonstrated elevated pretreatment neutrophil count and high GPS to be independent predictors of shorter OS in inoperable advanced or metastatic GC patients treated with first-line chemotherapy. Upon validation of these data in independent studies, stratification of patients using these markers in future clinical trials is recommended.