• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.476-484
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to report the clinical characteristics of glossodynia patients and effects of traditional Korean treatment on glossodynia and to gather data in order to carry out future study. Methods : We surveyed 40 glossodynia patients visiting the Department of Korean Internal Medicine of Stroke and Neurological Disorders Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong and analyzed their glossodynia questionnaires, examination results, and progression of symptoms. Results : In Glossodynia patients the average age was 62.4 years old. Glossodynia was more prevalent in females than males (5.67:1). Red tongue color, white fur, and fissured tongue were observed most often. The average glossodynia duration was 36.1 months and the average glossodynia degree was VAS 5.6. The most commonly appearing symptom was burning sense, and dryness of tongue. In Korean medicine diagnosis, Yin, deficiency, Tae-eum was most commonly diagnosed. In herbal medicine, Gamichungsim-tang was the most frequently prescribed. In laboratory tests, zinc deficiency was the most common result. In heart rate variability (HRV), average SDNN was 34.03 and average LF/HF ratio was 2.11. Of 40 patients, 23 completed treatment and their pain was relieved from average VAS 5.52 to VAS 3.63. Pre-and post-treatment results showed a significant difference. The average duration of treatment was 34.91 days. Conclusions : The results of this study suggest that Korean medical approach and treatment for glossodynia could be effective. Further study should be conducted for more valuable information.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.232-239
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• 2014

Purpose: Mitochondrial disease (MD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are often associated with cardiomyopathy, but the myocardial variability has not been isolated to a specific characteristic. We evaluated the left ventricular (LV) mass by echocardiography to identify the general distribution and functional changes of the myocardium in patients with MD or DMD. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the echocardiographic data of 90 children with MD and 42 with DMD. Using two-dimensional echocardiography, including time-motion (M) mode and Doppler measurements, we estimated the LV mass, ratio of early to late mitral filling velocities (E/A), ratio of early mitral filling velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/Ea), stroke volume, and cardiac output. A "z score" was generated using the lambda-mu-sigma method to standardize the LV mass with respect to body size. Results: The LV mass-for-height z scores were significantly below normal in children with MD ($-1.02{\pm}1.52$, P<0.001) or DMD ($-0.82{\pm}1.61$, P =0.002), as were the LV mass-for-lean body-mass z scores. The body mass index (BMI)-for-age z scores were far below normal and were directly proportional to the LV mass-for-height z scores in both patients with MD (R =0.377, P<0.001) and those with DMD (R =0.330, P=0.033). The LV mass-for-height z score correlated positively with the stroke volume index (R =0.462, P<0.001) and cardiac index (R =0.358, P<0.001). Conclusion: LV myocardial atrophy is present in patients with MD and those with DMD and may be closely associated with low BMI. The insufficient LV mass for body size might indicate deterioration of systolic function in these patients.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 삼림욕을 즐기는 것과 같은 편안한 상태의 휴식을 유도하기 위하여 편백나무를 이용하여 힐링 침대 시스템과 색체자극을 위한 LED 감성 모듈을 개발하였고, 8가지 조명과 3가지 색온도의 색체 자극에 따른 휴식이 스트레스 완화에 미치는 효과를 비교 분석하였다. 피험자는 건강한 20대 성인 남여 7명(age $23.3{\pm}0.7yr$; height $165{\pm};10cm$ body mass $59{\pm}10kg$)을 대상으로 하였으며, 8가지 색상(red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet, white)과 3가지 색온도(3,000K, 5,000K, 8,000K)에 따른 휴식 시 심박변이도, 피험자의 주관적 인지평가를 진행하였다. 그 결과, 심박변이도의 경우 한색계열인 green, blue, indigo의 조명과 3000K의 낮은 온도 조명이 부교감신경을 활성화시켜 심리적으로 안정되는 결과를 얻었으며, 피험자가 주관적으로 느끼는 인지시간의 결과 동일 시간을 자극받았을 지라도 green 색상과 3,000K 온도 자극 시 인지 시간이 가장 느렸으며, 감성어휘 평가에서는 orange 색상과 3,000K온도에서 가장 높은 점수를 얻었다. 따라서, 본 연구 결과 3,000K의 낮은 온도자극과 green 색상 자극 시 심리정 안정이 가장 높은 결과를 얻었으며, 추후 연구에서는 작업 환경에 따른 조명 자극 시 피로도 회복과 뇌파 변화를 비교 분석 할 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2627-2630
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• 2013

Background: Ovarian cancer continues to pose a major challenge to physicians and radiologists. It is the third most common gynecologic malignancy and estimated to be fifth leading cancer cause of death in women, constituting 23% of all gynecological malignancies. Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) appears to offer an excellent modality in diagnosing ovarian cancer based on combination of its availability, meticulous technique, efficacy and familiarity of radiologists and physicians. The aim of this study was to compute sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice MDCT in classifying ovarian masses; 95% confidence intervals were reported. Materials and Methods: We prospectively designed a cross-sectional analytical study to collect data from July 2010 to August 2011 from a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. A sample of 105 women aged between 15-80 years referred for 64-MDCT of abdomen and pelvis with clinical suspicion of malignant ovarian cancer, irrespective of stage of disease, were enrolled by non-probability purposive sampling. All patients who were already known cases of histologically proven ovarian carcinoma and having some contraindication to radiation or iodinated contrast media were excluded. Results: Our prospective study reports sensitivity, specificity; positive and negative predictive values with 95%CI and accuracy were computed. Kappa was calculated to report agreement among the two radiologists. For reader A, MDCT was found to have 92% (0.83, 0.97) sensitivity and 86.7% (0.68, 0.96) specificity, while PPV and NPV were 94.5% (0.86, 0.98) and 86.7% (0.63, 0.92), respectively. Accuracy reported by reader A was 90.5%. For reader B, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 94.6% (0.86, 0.98) 90% (0.72, 0.97) 96% (0.88, 0.99) and 87.1% (0.69, 0.95) respectively. Accuracy computed by reader B was 93.3%. Excellent agreement was found between the two radiologists with a significant kappa value of 0.887. Conclusion: Based on our study results, we conclude MDCT is a reliable imaging modality in diagnosis of ovarian masses accurately with insignificant interobserver variability.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.433-445
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• 2014

The objective of study was to analyze seasonal and inter-annual patterns of water chemistry of Miho Stream watershed during 2004 - 2007 along with some influences of tributaries and summer monsoon on the stream water quality. For the study, eight physico-chemical parameters such as nitrogen, phosphorus, BOD, COD and chlorophyll-a (CHL) etc. were analyzed in relation to spatial and temporal variability of seven sampling sites of the mainstream and some tributaries in the watershed. In the upstream reach, Mean of BOD, COD and TP averaged 3.2 mg/L, 6.5 mg/L and $186{\mu}g/L$, respectively, indicating an eutrophic conditions as a III-rank in the stream water quality criteria from the Ministry of Environment, Korea(MEK). The eutrophic water was due to a combined effect of Chiljang tributary with high nutrients ($TP=844{\mu}g/L$, TN=8.087 mg/L) and the point sources from some wastewater treatment plants. In the meantime, BOD, TN, and TP in the downstream reach were about > 1.2-1.5 folds than the values of the midstream reaches. This was mainly attributed to effluents of nutrient rich-water (mean TN: 11.980 mg/L) from two tributaries of Musim Stream and Suknam Stream, which is directly influenced by nearby wastewater disposal plants. Seasonal analysis of water chemistry showed that summer monsoon rainfall was one of the important factors influencing the water quality, and water quality had a large spatial heterogeneity during the rainfall period. In the premonsoon, BOD in the downstream averaged $6.0{\pm}2.47mg/L$, which was 1.4-fold greater than the mean of upstream reach. Mean of CHL-a as an indicator of primary productivity in the water body, was > 2.2 - 2.9 fold in the downstream than in the upstream, and this was a result of the high phosphorus loading from the watershed. Overall, our data suggest that some nutrient controls in point-source tributary streams are required for efficient water quality management of Miho Stream.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was conducted naturalistically in order to observe the long-term effects of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications on growth rates among Korean school-aged boys with ADHD. Methods : Participants in the study were boys with ADHD aged 6 to 11 years who have taken ADHD medication, methylphenidate (extended release) or atomoxetine. They attended scheduled visits monthly or bimonthly for clinical assessment with measurement of height and weight. In this study, 35 boys with ADHD (mean age at baseline=$7.90{\pm}1.77$ years ; mean age at endpoint= $12.54{\pm}1.91$ years) were included, with a mean follow-up period of 4.64 years (${\pm}1.62$ years), ranging from 2 to 9.7 years. Height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) measurements were converted to "age-corrected Z-scores" using data from Growth Charts provided by the Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2007. Results : Age-corrected endpoint growth parameters (height, weight, BMI Z-scores) did not differ significantly from the baseline values (height t=0.027 ; weight t=-0.61 ; BMI t=-1.86, in paired t-test). Especially high correlation was observed between the baseline and endpoint height Z-scores (r=0.876, p<.001), for which the coefficient of determination $r^2$ was 0.767, meaning that the amount of variability in endpoint height Z-scores explained by the baseline height Z-scores was 76.7%. Conclusion : Our results suggested that the long-term effects of ADHD medications on growth parameters to be tolerable in Korean school-aged boys with ADHD.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.750-760
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 신뢰성 있는 국가표준 지역기후변화 시나리오 생산을 위해 현재기후에 대한 SNURCM과 WRF의 재현성을 검증하였다. 국립기상연구소에서 생산된 HadGEM2-AO 전구자료를 지역기후모형의 경계조건으로 사용하여 CORDEX 규준 하에 28년(1978-2005)간의 장기적분을 수행하였다. 두 모형은 연평균 지표 온도 분포를 관측과의 공간상관계수가 0.98 이상으로 매우 높은 일치성을 나타내었지만, 모형 영역의 북쪽 경계를 중심으로 한랭 편차를 공통적으로 보였다. 강수의 경우 또한 육지 지역을 대상으로 한 관측과의 공간 상관 계수는 SNURCM이 0.85, WRF가 0.79로 나타나 우수한 모의 결과를 보였다. 두 모형에서 모의된 강수 분포는 적도와 중위도 지역 간에 상반되는 특성을 보였다. SNURCM은 WRF에 비교하여 중위도 동아시아 몬순 강수대의 분포를 적도 지역의 강수대보다 상대적으로 잘 모의하였으나, WRF는 그 반대의 결과를 나타내었다. 여름철(JJA) 보다 봄철(MAM)에 과다 모의되었지만 모의된 강수 분포의 일치성은 봄철에 높게 나타났다. 세부영역 별 분석에서 두 모형은 7월 강수 최대 시점과 양을 비교적 정확히 모의하였고, 특히 내륙 지역 강수량의 모의 정확도가 해양에 영향 받는 지역보다 높았다. 모의결과는 한반도 상의 높은 일평균 지표온도일수와 강한 강수일수를 표현하는데 한계를 보였다.

• 한국제4기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국제4기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회
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• pp.24-25
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• 2004

It is well known that there is an inverse relationship between the strength of Indian summer monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) and extent of Eurasian snow cover/depth in the preceding season. Tibetan snow cover/depth also affects the Asian monsoon rainy season largely. The positive correlation between Tibetan sensible heat flux and southeast Asian rainfall suggest an inverse relationship between Tibetan snow cover and southeast Asian rainfall. Developments in Regional Climate Models suggest that the effect of Tibetan snow on the ISMR can be well studied by Limited Area Models (LAMs). LAMs are used for regional climate studies and operational weather forecast of several hours to 3 days in future. The Eta model developed by the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), the Fifth-Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM5) and Regional Climate Model (RegCM) have been used for weather prediction as well as for the study of present-day climate and variability over different parts of the world. Regional Climate Model (RegCM3) has been widely . used for various mesoscale studies. However, it has not been tested to study the characteristics of circulation features and associated rainfall over India so far. In the present study, Regional Climate Model (RegCM-3) has been integrated from 1 st April to 30th September for the years 1993-1996 and monthly mean monsoon circulation features and rainfall simulated by the model at 55km resolution have been studied for the Indian summer monsoon season. Characteristics of wind at 850hPa and 200hPa, temperature at 500hPa, surface pressure and rainfall simulated by the model have been examined for two convective schemes such as Kuo and Grell with Arakawa-Schubert as the closure scheme, Model simulated monsoon circulation features have been compared with those of NCEP/NCAR reanalyzed fields and the rainfall with those of India Meteorological Department (IMD) observational rainfall datasets, Comparisons of wind and temperature fields show that Grell scheme is closer to the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, The influence of Tibetan snowdepth in spring season on the summer monsoon circulation features and subsequent rainfall over India have been examined. For such sensitivity experiment, NIMBUS-7 SMMR snowdepth data have been used as a boundary condition in the RegCM3, Model simulation indicates that ISMR is reduced by 30% when 10cm of snow has been introduced over Tibetan region in the month of previous April. The existence of Tibetan snow in RegCM3 also indicates weak lower level monsoon westerlies and upper level easterlies.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2009

연직으로 여러 높이에서 측정된 기체의 농도는 다양한 목적에 활용될 수 있다. 예를 들어, 복잡지형에 위치한 우리나라의 일반적인 산림유역에서 에디공분산방법에 의한 증발산 및 이산화탄소 순생태 교환량(Net Ecosystem Exchange, NEE)을 관측하기 위해서는 수평 및 연직 이류(advection)와 저류(storage)항의 효과를 정량화해야 한다. 그리고 미량 기체의 발원 및 흡원을 추적하거나 관측의 발자국 분석을 위해서도 필요하다. 수증기와 이산화탄소의 연직 농도 분포는 일반적으로 에디공분산 플럭스 타워에 보조 장치로 설치되는 다중 기체 프로파일 관측시스템(이하 프로파일 시스템)에 의해 측정된다. 이 시스템은 다른 미기상 관측기기와는 달리 서로 독립된 여러 기기와 장치들이 하나의 목적을 위해 결합되어 작동되기 때문에 사용방법과 기기의 운영/유지/보수에 많은 어려움이 따른다. 현재 전세계적으로 플럭스 타워 관측과 함께 이용되고 있는 프로파일 시스템은 대부분 미국의 캠벨사(Campbell Sci. Inc.)에서 제작/판매하는 시스템과 개별 연구자들이 각자의 목적과 관측환경에 적합하도록 자체 제작한 시스템으로 구분된다. 연세대학교 대기과학과 생물기상/생지화학 연구팀은 2005년부터 광릉 산림유역의 활엽수림과 침엽수림에 미국 캠벨사에서 제작한 두 개의 프로파일 시스템을 설치/운영하며 다양한 기술적, 이론적 경험과 지식을 축적해 왔다. 이 총설에서는 복잡지형 산림에서의 물과 탄소의 순생태 교환량 관측에 중요한 도구로 사용되는 프로파일 시스템의 원리, 구성, 활용 방법에 대해서 소개한다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.285-290
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• 1983

수도의 안전재배기간을 설정하기 위하여 수원등 9개지역의 기온조건을 분석하여 재배시기별 기준온도의 출현확율을 이용하는 방안과 평년 평균기온을 이용하는 H-U법과 비교검토하고 확율법에 의한 지역별 안전 이앙기, 출수기 및 성숙기를 설정하였다. 확율법에 의한 작기는 기상의 년차별 변이에 대한 안전성을 기할 수 있었으나 H-U법은 안정성이 적었다. 확율법에 의한 이앙기 조한일은 출현율 75-90%를 기대할 수 있는 경우 중북부지역은 5월 12일-22일, 동해연변지는 5월 15일-25일, 남부지방은 5월 4일-16일이었다. 춘천지방에서는 이앙에서 출수까지 소요정산온도가 1$700^{\circ}C$ 이상인 중만생종 품종은 부적합한 것으로 보이며 동해안변지인 강릉에서는 190$0^{\circ}C$이상 만생종은 부적한 것으로 판단된다. 호적출수기는 남부지방에서 통일계품종은 8월 초순, 일반계품종은 8월 중순이며, 강릉과 춘천지방에서는 통일계품종의 안전출수기간이 짧아 재배가 부적합한 것으로 나타났다. 성숙기 만한일은 중북부 지방에서 9월 30일-10월 2일, 동해연변지에서 10월 13일-14일, 그리고 남부지방에서 10월 7일-14일이며, 극초상일에 가까워 수확기에 상해에 대한 안정성도 기대할 수 있다.