• Journal of architectural history
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.23-36
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• 2014

Source criticism is very important on the research of architectural history as well as general history. In this point this research studied on the original form and change of Dokrak-dang that is very important building in architectural history of Korea. The result is as in the following. Dokrak-dang that Whoijae built at first was three by two kans size that had daecheong of four kans and ondol-bang of two kans. Gye-jeong that Whoijae built was three kans size that had daecheong of two kans and ondol-bang of one kan. After Whoijae died, Dokrak-dang's ondol-bang was changed to maru between 1555 and 1556 and ondol-bang in west side and stack room was added in 1630. Gye-jeong was changed to ㄱ-shaped floor plan that was added up two kans from three kan's 'ㅡ'-shaped one.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2008

Atorvastatin calcium salt (1) was obtained through the preparation of lactone compound (8) from 2-((4R,6R)-6-(2-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-(phenylcarbamoyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-ethyl)-2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinan-4-yl)acetic acid tert-butyl ester (9) by hydrolysis in basic condition. Efficient hydrolysis of boronate compound 9 aimed at the viable synthesis for commercial production and purification of Atorvastatin calcium is reported. Detail studies of evaluation procedure are also reported.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.2 s.141
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• pp.141-144
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• 2005

Chinese crude drug 'Dang Gui' has been used mainly as a tonifying the blood, promoting blood circulation, relieving pain and moistening the bowels. To clarify the botanical origin of 'Dang Gui' from Korea, the anatomical characteristics of Angelica gigas, Angelica sinensis and Angelica acutiloba were studied. As a result, it was clarified that 'Dang Gui' from Korea was the root of Angelica gigas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2012

This study is to propose development direction of sang-dang mountain fortress toward the utilization of historical and cultural heritage as tourist attraction through the consideration of problems on sang-dang mountain fortress development. First of all, the historical significance, development project and status of Sang-dang mountain fortress was figured out. Furthermore, using pattern and general user's view was understood through the questionnaire survey then research on the actual condition of traditional korean village was performed. The ongoing development project focusing on restoration of cultural properties to its original state through an archaeological excavation investigation turned out to be lack of consideration on the utilization of sang-dang mountain fortress such as tourists inducement. Furthermore, the measures on traditional korean village which has been a problem by forming commercial area recklessly have been left off. Therefore, additional development plan is required on convenient and amenity facilities and rest places for visitors including environment improvement of traditional korean village based on the development for the restoration of cultural properties to its original state.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.208-224
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• 2002

Objective : Gastic cancer has become major cancers which cause nausea, vomiting. Especially patients with terminal stage of gastric cancer may suffer from nausea, vomiting and other symptoms that can keep patients from taking medicine or food. In those cases, there may be no use of taking herbal medicine to treat or palliate symptoms. So we wanted to know the potential efficiency of Acupuncture and Moxibustion whether they could control the symptoms of terminal stage of Gastric cancer without herbal medicine. Methods : Under the assumption that Acupuncture and Moxibustion may be effective for palliating nausea, vomiting on terminal stage of Gastric cancer, the following points were administrated SaGwan(Hapkok($LI_4$), Taechung($LR_3$)), Chok-Samli($ST_{36}$), Kongson($SP_4$), Naegwan($PC_6$) for Acupuncture, Chungwan($CV_{12}$) for Moxibustion. This observation was carried out on 11 patients with terminal stage of Gastric cancer. We reviewed medical records, specifically intake/output check with vomiting, nausea. Results : After therapy of Acupunture and Moxibustion, there were 22% of complete responses, 46% of major responses and 32% of failures. Therapy resulted in 2 cases of goodness, 4 cases of fairness, 5 cases of badness as satisfaction degree. Unfortunately 2 cases of badness expired. Conclusion : We have concluded that Acupunture and Moxibusiton therapy were effective to palliate the nasea, vomiting of terminal Gastric cancer. So if Gastric cancer develop difficulties of taking medicine with patients, to consider using the methods of Acupunture and Moxibution is worthy to palliate the nausea, vomiting and so on.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.13 no.1 s.37
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• pp.53-69
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• 2004

Located in a rear garden of Changdeok Palace, Yeonkyeong-Dang is valued as the most characteristic building of the houses of aristocrats of the later Joseon Dynasty. The time of the construction has been much debated, however, it is perceived through this research that the construction was completed in September 1827(the 27nd year of king Sunjo's reign). The shape of the buildings during this period resembles a letter ㄷ as shown in the picture of Dong-Kweol. We previously described that the purpose of Yeonkyeong-Dang was to carry the portrait of king Yikjong while keeping the shape of building when it was first established until the 8th year of king Heonjong (1842). In 1865 (the 2nd year of king Gojong's reign), it was reconstructed with very different outlook which has remained the present shape. The characteristic features of the residences of aristocrats were reflected in newly reconstructed Yeonkyeong-Dang. The structure was largely divided into two quarters that occupied by male and female residents respectively. The two quarters were bordered by fences and added with a study and a pavilion. The reconstruction was conducted by king Gojong's father, Daewon- Goon and its purpose was to prepare a separate house for the king and queen before the kings wedding that was about to come. During the 19th century, building an imitation of houses of aristocrats became quite a trend in the palace. Built in 1847, Nakseon-Jae was precedented and followed by Yeonkyeong-Dang. Also later Geoncheong Palace was built in Kyeongbok Palace in 1873. All of the three buildings imitated houses of aristocrats. Divided residences of male and female sections and splendid decorations were common features. Nakseon-Jae was the smallest in the structure of spaces, ornamentation of details and its sizes, Yeonkyeong-Dang was the second and Geoncheong Palace was the most distinguished building. The constructions of these three buildings created an innovative architectural wave in the 19th century palace. Yeonkyeong-Dang was the building that mediated the new flow of architectural structure in the 19th century palace.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2000

An improved method of refolding recombinant human proinsulin from E. coli was presented. It was based on a two-stage stirred tank reactor in which denatured proinsulin-s-sulfonate was mixed instantaneously with a reaction buffer in the first stage reactor, and then fed to the second stage reactor. The mixture was stirred further for a total of 30h in the second stage reactor. In this system, unfavorable effects present due to the increase in reaction volume and protein concentration for protein refolding, which becomes significant in a large-scale operation, were avoided. Refolding yields of over 80% was obtained for achieving reaction volume of upto 50 l at protein concentration of 1 mg/ml. The optimum urea concentration was 1M. Refolding yield at the 1-1 reaction volume and protein concentration of 0.5mg/ml was increased about 2.5-fold, compared to that in a batch reactor. By increasing protein concentration in a two-stage refolding reaction, the cost for insulin production could be reduced, therefore, making this process economical.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.924-934
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• 2013

Traditional village forests in the Jeju Island represent unique cultural landscape with a history of more than several hundred years as a national cultural asset in Korea. There are 368 Oreums, parasitic volcanoes, and 391 shrines of Dang(Divine place) in Jeju. Currently, the shrines of Dang are damaged by the Jeju Olle trail path and road constructions. It's time for cultural consents to be obtained with locality and globality. And need to produce our own unique contents, glocal cultural contents. In this study, the establishment of trail path of Jeoji Oreum in relation to the Dang in the Jeju Island was investigated. By linking the Dangsan forest to the Jeoji Oreum trail path, it enables the path to contact with traditional cultural landscape. Rural villages in Jeju with the Oreum and Dang are expected to get an international attention as to have traditional cultural landscapes of Korea. It needs to be managed to retain their original form and in connection with the trail path.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.265-272
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• 2004

The pharmacokinetics of CKD-732 (6-0-4-[dimethyl-aminoethoxy)cinnamoyl]-fumagillolㆍhemioxalate) was investigated in male SD rats and beagle dogs after bolus intravenous administration. The parent compound and metabolites obtained from in vitro and in vivo samples were determined by LC/MS. The main metabolite was isolated and identified as an N-oxide form of CKD-732 by NMR and LC/MS/MS. CKD-732 was metabolized into either M11 or others by rapid hydroxylation, demethylation, and hydrolysis. The blood level following the intravenous route declined in first-order kinetics with $T_{1}$2/$\beta$ values of 0.72-0.78 h for CKD-732 and 0.92-1.09 h for M11 in rats at a dose of 7.5-30 mg/kg. In dogs, $T_{1}$2/$\beta$ values of CKD-732 and M11 were 1.54 and 1.79 h, respectively. Moreover, AUC values increased dose dependently for CKD-732 and M11 in rats and dogs. The CLtot and Vdss did not change significantly with increasing dose, indicating linear pharmacokinetic patterns. The excretion patterns through the urine, bile, and feces were also examined in the animals. The total amount excreted in urine, bile, and feces was 2.13% for CKD-732 and 1.29% for M11 in rats, and 1.58% for CKD-732 and 2.28% for M11 in dogs.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.178-183
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• 2023

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, of which pathogenesis is caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the amino-terminus of huntingtin gene that resulted in the aggregation of mutant HTT proteins. HD is characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric disturbances. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a microtubule-associated deacetylase, has been shown to induce transport- and release-defect phenotypes in HD models, whilst treatment with HDAC6 inhibitors ameliorates the phenotypic effects of HD by increasing the levels of α-tubulin acetylation, as well as decreasing the accumulation of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) aggregates, suggesting HDAC6 inhibitor as a HD therapeutics. In this study, we employed in vitro neural stem cell (NSC) model and in vivo YAC128 transgenic (TG) mouse model of HD to test the effect of a novel HDAC6 selective inhibitor, CKD-504, developed by Chong Kun Dang (CKD Pharmaceutical Corp., Korea). We found that treatment of CKD-504 increased tubulin acetylation, microtubule stabilization, axonal transport, and the decrease of mutant huntingtin protein in vitro. From in vivo study, we observed CKD-504 improved the pathology of Huntington's disease: alleviated behavioral deficits, increased axonal transport and number of neurons, restored synaptic function in corticostriatal (CS) circuit, reduced mHTT accumulation, inflammation and tau hyperphosphorylation in YAC128 TG mouse model. These novel results highlight CKD-504 as a potential therapeutic strategy in HD.