• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.43-53
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• 2002

Objectives : To investigate the photoprotective effects and efficacy of Jaummi-dan (Ciyinmei-dan) on UV damage to animal skin/fibroblast cultures. Methods and Results : Hairless mice were orally administered Jaummi-dan (Ciyinmei-dan) extract and irradiated with UV for four weeks. In the Jaummi-dan (Ciyinmei-dan) treated group, a better skin appearance and less wrinkles were observed when compared to the control group. In addition, immunostaining for type 1 pN collagen showed that the amount of collagen deposition was higher in the Jaummi-dan (Ciyinmei-dan) treated group. The interstitial collagenase was measured in the cultured medium of fibroblasts after UVB irradiation using ELISA for MMP-l. Jaummi-dan (Ciyinmei-dan) treatment resulted in a significant decrease in MMP-1 secretion compared to the UVB-irradiated, untreated group. Conclusions : The results of our study indicate that orally administered Jaummi-dan (Ciyinmei-dan) seems to have photoprotective effects on UV damaged hairless mouse skin partly due to an inhibitory effect on collagen breakdown.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 1987

Dan-Ryong is the traditional clothing that was worn the entire of oriental nations, and it was spreaded from Sun-Bi tribe to China about A.D. 4C. The first, the name of Dan-Ryong was translated with 25-Sa and Ancient-History Book. Among the name of Dan-Ryong, the follows were different between the name and shape. Jang-Bok was the colored Dan-Ryong, So-Bok was the unfigured black Dan-Ryong and removed Hyung-Bae, Ea-Mun-Pho was the Dan-Ryong of embroidered figure poetry, and Ja-Sam was the real short and tight Dan-Ryong. The second, some problems were given by translated Dan-Ryong's name. The results of the problems were as follows; 1. Dan-Ryong was oriented from Won-Wi. 2. At Su-Dynasty, there was going to the persuit of Han-Dynasty Courtesy, but they liked useful custom. Therefore Dan-Ryong was worn in daily life among the population. 3. At Dang-Dynasty, Ho-Bok was devided with three meanings. The first was Go-Sub, the second was Dan-Ryong of Buk-Jo about A.D. 3$\~$5 C and the last meaning was the clothing of Uighur, Turkey, Persia and etc. about A.D. 7 C. 4. The name of neck-line shape was started at Song and the majority arised about A.D. 12 C. and Dan-Ryong was only arised at Myong-Dynasty. 5. Gok-Ryong, except Song-Sa and Sam-Je-He-Bo, was different from Dan-Ryong and it was shape of neck-line inside of Jik-Ryong.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.177-198
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to examine the theory of mind and body practice in Dan-Jeon-Ju-Seon from the point of views of Taoism, Buddhism, and Oriental medicine. Methods : An ideological background and development of Dan-Jeon-Ju-Seon was first examined. Then, the definition of, other descriptions of, and various locations of, Dan-Jeon were investigated. In addition, the theory of Qi movement of Shui Sheng Huo Jiang (ascent of water Chi and descent of fire Chi) in Dan-Jeon-Ju-Seon was taken into consideration from perspectives on the thought of Taoist Nei Dan (internal alchemy) and Oriental medicine. Finally, the characteristics of mind and body practice in Dan-Jeon-Ju-Seon. Results & Conclusions : Dan-Jeon in Dan-Jeon-Ju-Seon consists of three parts, upper, middle, and lower Dan-Jeon, which is related to Jing (sperm, essence) Qi (breath, eneregy) Shen (spirit, intellect) of our body. Jing Qi Shen is a crucial part in our mind and body, mind and body are connected by energy, and the energy flow is possible by ascent of water Chi and descent of fire Chi. Ultimately, Dan-Jeon-Ju-Seon is a method of practice to keep one's mind and body healthy, and its purpose is to do timeless meditation in our daily lives regardless of time and place.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to research the development of jacquard fabrics by the Bi-Dan patterns of Dan-Chung as one of the traditional korean symbols. For performing this design study, it designed a surface design of the geometric images in Bi-Dan patterns using by EAT Jacquard Textile CAD system and simulated to fabrics for the clothing & bags. To consider the modern image of Bi-Dan patterns in the Dan-Chung motives, the theoretical background was made on the basic elements, compositions and symbolic meanings of Dan-Chung patterns. To merchandise the fashion items and see the visual image, these jacquard fabric simulations was processed by two-dimension modeling through YoungWoo CNI CAD. The applied weave structure was based on a single layer of 5 or 10 points-satin and a double layer of 8 points-satin. Among the fabric simulations of Bi-Dan patterns, the six simulated fabrics were woven into the real jacquard fabrics under the electronic Stabuli jacquard loom in $120{\sim}130$ picks per inch and 171 ends per inch. These developed jacquard fabrics of Bi-Dan patterns were appeared a contemporary yet ethnic feeling so that they could make use of the unique korean cultural products by the further commercialization.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.174-183
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the process of cultivating energy in middle-aged women doing Dan Jeon Breathing and to develop a grounded theory of Dan Jeon Breathing. Method: Data was collected by means of an in-depth interview using tape- recordings from 15 participants who practice Dan Jeon Breathing. The data was analyzed using the grounded theory method proposed by Strauss and Corbin(1998). Results: The core category was identified as "cultivating energy of the mind and the body together". The process of this could be further divided into 4 stages: the stages are cessation of an 'energetic life', 'depending on Dan Jeon Breathing', 'going through a difficult practice process' and 'getting used to Dan Jeon Breathing'. The participants began Dan Jeon Breathing because they were unable to retain their energetic lifestyle. They were dependent on Dan Jeon Breathing for recovery of health. Also, they were going through a difficult process. Finally, they entirely approved of Dan Jeon Breathing as a method of health promotion. Conclusion: This study provided the understanding needed for the training process of Dan Jeon Breathing. Therefore, women can pursue Dan Jeon Breathing for their health.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.45-50
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• 2003

Background and Purpose : Chunghyul-dan has been widely used in the Department of Cardiovascular ＆ Neurologic Diseases, Kyung Hee Oriental Medical Center to prevent stroke by lowering serum cholesterol level. Previous experimental and clinical studies revealed that Chunghyul-dan had therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase and pancreatic lipase. It was also reported that Chunghyul-dan showed an anti-oxidation effect by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting nitric oxide synthesis. Therefore, we examined the safety of Chunghyul-dan on all subjects who had been treated with it. Methods : We performed a retrospective study by reviewing the medical records of those who had been administrated Chunghyul-dan at Kyung Hee Oriental Medical Center from February 8,2001 to December 31,2002. The subjects' general characteristics (gender, age, medical history, and present illness), recorded adverse effects, and the results of laboratory findings were obtained and analyzed to assess the clinical safety of Chunghyul-dan. Results : Six hundred fifty six subjects were treated with Chunghyul-dan. Clinical adverse effects appeared in 13 subjects, the major symptom being indigestion (8 subjects). The apparent frequency of adverse effects was much lower than that in previous reports on the safety of certain medications. On investigation of laboratory findings, we could not find any hepatic or renal toxicity. Conclusion : We suggest that our results contribute towards confirming the safety of Chunghyul-dan by offering clinical evidence.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2004.12a
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• pp.213-214
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• 2004

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-42
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• 2009

Objectives : This Study was performed to assess the antioxidant and neuroprotective effect of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) in PC12 cells and primary rat mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Methods : The anioxidant effect was investigated using the DPPH radical and ABTS cation scavenging assays and total polyphenol amout of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan). The neuroprotective effect of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) in PC12 cells was evaluated using MTT assay. The scavenging activity of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) on ROS production induced by 6-OHDA(6-hydroxydopamine) in PC12 cells was evaluated, as well as the attenuating effect on GSH reduction. Finally, we examined the neuroprotective effect of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) against 6-0HDA-induced toxicity in the primary culture of rat mesencephalic doperminergic neurons. Results : Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) showed concentration-dependent scavenging activities in DPPH radical and ABTS cation scavenging assays and it was not cytotoxic to PC12 cells. In postand co-treatment, Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) protected PC12 cells from the 6-OHDA induced toxicity at 50 and 100 ${\mu}$g/mL significantly. And Chunghyu!-dan(Qingxuedan) decreased the 6-OHDA induced ROS production at a dose dependent manner, while increaing the 6-OHDA induced GSH reduction at 50 and 100 ${\mu}$g/mL significantly. Finally, Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) showed signicant protection of rat mescencephalic dopaminergic neurons from 6-OHDA at 1 ${\mu}$g/mL. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) has the antioxidant and neuroprotective effect against 6-0HDA induced cytotoxicity through decreasing ROS production and increasing GSH reduction.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.147-182
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• 2002

By studing the congestion theory of Choo Dan-kyei mentioned in "DongEuiBoGam", I have reached following conclusions. 1. Dan-kyei's congestion theory influenced greatly on "DongEuiBoGam". The congestion theory of "DongEuiBoGam" is built up with several theories centering round on Dan-kyei's theory and Huh-Jun's own opinion in addition. 2. Dan-kyei's congestion theory has given theoretical foundation to the classification and diagnosis of congestion reported in "DongEuiBoGam"-Congestion Chapter. 3. Dan-kyei's congestion theory offers many examples of symptoms reported in "DongEuiBoGam"-Congestion Chapter. It's shown well through outer symptoms, several congestion disease, congestion mass, and "congestion never sudden death", etc. 4. Dan-kyei's congestion theory has influenced greatly on treatment of congestion reported in "DongEuiBoGam"-Congestion Chapter, and it's well shown through spewing method, grand method in congestion treatment and common medicine of congestion, etc. 5. Dan-kyei's congestion theory offers variety of treating methods to symptoms caused by congestion reported in "DongEuiBoGam". It's shown variously through upper stomachache, stomachache, back pain, side pain, "San", joint pain, Summer disease, internal injury, cough and morning sickness, etc.. 6. Dan-kyei's congestion theory has factors that could be operated to common diseases of mordern people. They can be classified as food congestion, alcohol congestion, obstruction congestion and Qi congestion, and they are clinically very efficient.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.296-302
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• 2002

Bohyulmyunyuk-dan is an Oriental herbal formulation to enhance the general body conditions as well as immune response against both endogenous and exogenous harmful challenges. This study was designed to investigate the effect of Bohyulmyunyuk-dan on the cisplatin-induced toxicity of primary rat astrocytes and C6 glioma cells. After trestment of astrocytes and C6 glioma cells with cisplatin, MTT assay was carried out to measure cytotoxicity of brain cells. To explore the mechanism of cytotoxicity, astrocytes were treated with Bohyulmyunyuk-dan and followed by the addition of cisplatin. Then, the protective effects of Bohyulmyunyuk-dan were investigated in apoptosis signaling pathway. The results were obtained as follows ; Bohyulmyunyuk-dan protected the death of astrocytes by cisplatin, which decreased the viability of astrocytes and C6 glioma cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Bohyulmyunyuk-dan protected the apoptotic death of astrocytes from cisplatin induced cell apoptosis. Bohyulmyunyuk-dan inhitited the activation of caspase-3 and -9 protease in astrocytes by cisplatin. Bohyulmyunyuk-dan inhibited the deavage of PARP in astrocytes by cisplatin. According to above results, Bohyulmyunyuk-dan may prevent brain cells from cytotoxicity induced cell apoptosis induced by chemotherapeatic agents induding displatin.