• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.147-168
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• 2004

Objectives & Methods: We investigated 36 books to study etiology, pathology and acupuncture & Moxibustion treatment of Gak-Gi Result and Conclusion 1. Gak-Gi is a disease of legs. In the past, it was called Wan-poong(緩風) or Gueol(厥). Currently it is divided into two kinds; the Seup-Gak-Gi(Damp Gak-Gi) in which the legs swell; The Gun-Gak-Gi(Dry Gak-Gi) in which the legs do not swell. 2. Gak-Gi may be caused by exogenous wind, coldness, dampness and Excess of phlegm or damp-heat. It also can be caused by weakness of vital energy(Myungmoon fire;命門火), kidney Yin deficiency and vital energy deficiency in the Stomach and Spleen. 3. Gak-Gi-Pal-Hyul(Eight acupoints for Gak-Gi; 脚氣八穴) are GB31(Poonsi; 風市), ST32(Bok-to; 伏兎), ST35(Dok-bi; 犢鼻), Nae-seul-an(Extra point; 內膝眼), ST36(Chok-samni; 足三里) ST37(Sang-goho; 上巨虛) ST39(Hagoho; 下巨虛) GB41 (Choc-imup; 足臨泣) 4. Treatment plans for Gak-Gi are removing the exogenous wind, coldness and dampness, regulating meridians, alleviating the pain and swelling, more importantly, tonifying vital energy and nourishing Spleen and Stomach. 5. Three out of Eight acupoints for Gak-Gi, ST36(Chok-samni; 足三里), ST37(Sang-goho; 上巨 虛), ST39(Hagoho; 下巨虛) are Lower sea points of Fu organs( Stomach, Large Intestine, Small Intestine). Five out of Eight acupoints for Gak-Gi, ST32(Bok-to; 伏兎), ST35(Dok-bi;犢鼻) are onthe Stomach meridian, and Nae-seu1-an(Extra point; 內膝眼) is on the Spleen meridian. This result indicates that regulation of Middle-cho(中焦) is important in the treatment for Gak-Gi.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.11-30
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• 2024

Objectives : Not many studies have been done on the mechanism of the Gangeum or Gangpyoeum method which treats the Soyang Exterior Pattern, nor on which collective or individual roles the Gangeum medicinals play. Therefore in this study, four medicinals categorized as Gangpyoeum which are Jingjie, Fangfeng, Qianghuo, Duhuo, were analyzed in terms of their individual and collective effects. Methods : Content analysis based on the verses in the Donguisusebowon, and medicinal analysis on contents from the Donguibogam, Bencaogangmu, and Benjingshuzheng were carried out followed by a medicinal combination analysis using the InSAm 1.1 program. Results : The four medicinals Jingjie, Fangfeng, Qianghuo, Duhuo had the common effect of normalizing the Wei qi, allowing for unobstructed Qi flow to prevent production of dampness and phlegm, which ultimately lowers Yin[降陰, gangeum] and helps to preserve the Kidney Yin Qi. Jingjie works at the highest position of the upper body; Fangfeng, the most basic medicinal of the Soyangin pattern, works mostly at the upper body although it defends the entire body from wind-dampness. Qianghuo and Duhuo are more or less similar. The difference is that Qianghuo mostly pulls Yang qi upwards while eliminating pathological byproducts, and Duhuo stabilizes the lower body that pulls Wei qi upwards. Conclusions : Analysis on the relationship between Gangpyoeum of the Soyangin pattern and Wei qi, the individual and collective effects of the four Gangpyoeum medicinals were carried out. Further research on other major Soyangin medicinals, along with those of other constitution patterns is anticipated.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2015

Objectives Through the clinical records of Seungjeongwon Ilgi, we reviewed the usage of Bi-Jeung to know the concept of the word and studied therapeutic strategies for managing Bi-Jeung. Methods We investigated the clinical records of the mid-Chosun dynasty containing the key word "Bi" from electronic database (Seungjeongwon Ilgi). Results Of 4,039 records, 249 articles thought to have medicinal value were lastly selected. We subdivided the cases into 13 categories according to time, the connection of contents and the change of associated symptoms. "Bi" was not used alone but used in combination with body parts or other symptoms. Etiological causes of "Bi" involved dampness, phlegm, fire, heat and qi disorders. We suggested that "Bi" of the mid-Chosun dynasty meant a symptom group mainly of sensory impairment and additionally pain or motor disturbance. Among the 22 herbal medicine formulas used, 15 were based on internal medical pattern identifications and 7 were symptomatic treatments. Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy were primarily applied to adjacent acupoints. In addition, External therapies were used together, such as washing therapy, plaster therapy, cupping therapy and thermotherapy. Conclusions "Bi" principally indicated sensory impairment on limbs and the main etiological cause was considered to be dampness. Herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion and external therapies were used to cure Bi-Jeung.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.33-49
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between Pattern identification instrument and biomarkers in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Methods: Pattern identification instrument questionnaire, Sasang constitutional test, body composition test, pulse analyzing test, laboratory test were performed and the results were analyzed. Correlation analysis was performed between pattern identification and laboratory test results. Results: Testosterone, SHBG, $17{\alpha}$-OH-progesterone, AMH were highest in the Kidney-Yang Deficiency (腎陽虛) group. LH, FSH, LH/FSH ratio were the highest in the Endogenous Heat due to Yin Deficiency (陰虛內熱) group. DHEA-S was the highest in the Dampness-Heat in Liver Meridian (肝經濕熱) group. E2, Prolactin, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL-Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, Glucose (FBS), Insulin, HOMA-IR ratio, HbA1c were the highest in the Phlegm-Dampness (痰濕) group. Conclusions: In this study, we obtained basic data analyzing the correlation between pattern identification instrument and biomarkers in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. If further studies are performed, we expect to be able to obtain clues to study the mechanism of polycystic ovary syndrome.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.127-145
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of oriental-western medicine integrative care after gynecology surgery by DSOM((Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine) and improvement of major symptoms. Methods: 66 patients belonged to the experimental group and 47 patients belonged to the control group out of 113 patients taken gynecology surgery. We studied general characteristics and difference on DSOM results between the two groups. And we had patients answer questionnaires about major symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, headache, fatigue, urinary discomfort, constipation, lumbago, edema, tingling, digestive disorder, cough, pruritus, arthralgia, cold feeling by VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) in order to analyze improvement and difference between two groups. Results: Experimental group had significantly high score on deficiency of blood, blood stasis, dryness, spleen, kidney, phlegm and high frequency on deficiency of blood, dampness, kidney, phlegm pathogenesis in DSOM. It had significantly high intensity in symptoms of abdominal discomfort, headache, fatigue, urinary discomfort, constipation, lumbago at the first time, and headache at 1 month after western hospital discharge out of symptoms associated with surgery. And it had significantly high improvement in symptoms of abdominal discomfort, headache, urinary discomfort, constipation at oriental-western integrative hospital discharge, and headache, fatigue, urinary discomfort, constipation, lumbago at 1 month after western hospital discharge out of symptoms associated with surgery. Conclusion: We recognized that oriental-western medicine integrative care after gynecology surgery has significant effect.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.799-805
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was aimed to assess characteristics in acute stroke patients according to abdominal obesity. Method : 1,506 subjects were included from the patients admitted to the Internal Medical Department at Kyunghee University Oriental Medical Center, Kyunghee University East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyungwon University Songpa Oriental Medical Center, Kyungwon University Incheon Oriental Medical Center, and D ongguk University Ilsan Oriental Medical Center from April 2007 to August 2009. Results : 1. Considering the demographic variables of the patients, the gender, older age, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and multiple infarction were significantly higher in the abdominal obesity group than in the control group. 2. Sasang constitution and oriental medical diagnosis showed significant difference in the abdominal obesity group. By oriental medical diagnosis, the D amp ness-Phlegm group was significantly higher in abdominal obesity group than in the control group. According to this analysis, we observed the general disposition of various characteristic distributions according to abdominal obesity in acute stoke patients These results can be utilized in the future as a basis material.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.793-798
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• 2006

Vertigo is one of the subjective symptoms which appears commonly in so many diseases that it is often neglected. But it needs active medical care because it can be a forewarning of serious illness like cerebral apoplexy. This thesis makes a study of vertigo in view of Hyungsang medicine. The followings are the conclusion drawn in diagnosis and treatment of Vertigo: Excess in the upper and deficiency in the lower part(上實下虛) is a main cause of male vertigo. Deficiency in the upper and excess in the lower part(下虛上實) is a general cause of female vertigo. Vertigo is also caused by the insufficiency of the kidney water(腎水) or reservoir of marrow(髓海). persons of Jung pe(精科) with large check bones , those of Fish type(魚類) with Dig mouth and thick lips ; and those with large heads are mainly attacked by this cause. A fleshy person's vertigo comes from the deficiency of Ki and damp phlegm(氣虛濕症) so it is cured by reinforcing Ki, removing dampness and dispelling phlegm. A slim person's vertigo comes from the deficiency of blood and dryness heat(血虛有火) so it is treated by tonifying the blood, cleaning heat away the heat. In case of womanly shaped male and manly shaped female, the vertigo is due to the phlegm fire. Wind-heat(風熱) can cause vertigo generally 施 the persons of following types : wind type(風人), running animal type(走類),bird type(烏類), and Yangmyung meridian type (陽明形). Vertigo also comes from consumption. The deficiency of Ki can be a cause of vertigo in case of male; persons with pale complexion; and those with pronounced noses. The deficiency of blood can be a reason of vertigo in the persons of Hyul type(血科) and those with pale eyelids and lips. The hypofunction of the splean and stomach brings on the deficiency of Ki and blood, which can give rise to the vertigo for those with large nose and mouth. The old people's vertigo comes from the hypofunction of Ki, blood, Yin and Yang.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2011

Objectives : Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is known to be increasing and becoming a health-related issue worldwide. This study aimed to analyze its prevalence and characterize NAFLD. Methods : NAFLD-related papers were surveyed via PubMed and in Korean medical journals, and then the prevalence and pathology were reviewed. Results : The prevalence of NAFLD in the general population is around 10~30% worldwide. The prevalence of NAFLD in Korea is estimated as 15~30%, which is higher than in China and Japan. The most important etiological-factors of NAFLD include central obesity resulting from excessive calorie intake and less physical activity, which lead to adiponectin hypoactivity and insulin resistance. The Oriental medicine view point of NAFLD pathology is phlegm-dampness by dysfunction of free flow in liver. Conclusions : This study provided an overview of the prevalence and pathology of NAFLD, and can support the development of a strategy for traditional Korean medicine-based prevention or treatment of NAFLD.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.113-119
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in blood homocysteine levels and blood d-dimer levels of cerebral infarction patients categorized by Pattern Identification. We studied hospitalized patients within 4 weeks after the onset of stroke who were admitted to the Oriental Internal Medical Department at Semyung University Chungju Oriental Medical Hospital from May 2008 to September 2009. We analyzed risk factors and blood homocysteine levels and blood d-dimer levels accordings to Pattern Identification in Cerebral infarction patients. A total of 49 patients were included in the trial. No statistical significance was noted for any characteristics except body weight and body mass index. Body weight and body mass index were significantly higher Dampness-Phlegm pattern. On past history of patients, prevalence of DM was significantly higher in Fire-Heat pattern than that of other patterns. There was no significant difference of blood homocysteine levels and blood d-dimer levels among Pattern Identification. This study investigated the differences in blood homocysteine levels and blood d-dimer levels of cerebral infarction patients categorized by Pattern Identification. The correlation in homocysteine and d-dimer levels and Pattern Identification was not clarified.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.147-162
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• 2003

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate possibilities of herbal acupuncture for obesity. Methods : We researched into 23 kinds of literature and considered acupoints and herbs of herbal acupuncture for obesity. Results : Prescriptions for obesity include Erchentang(二陳湯), Liujunzitang(六君子湯) for phlegm-retention syndrome(痰飮), Wulingsan(五?散), Qianghuoshengshitang(羌活勝濕湯), Shenshitang(渗濕湯), Lingguishugantang(?桂朮甘湯) for Dampness syndrome(濕證) and Pingweisan(平胃散) for activating spleen and stomach(運化脾胃). And Rhizoma atractylodis(蒼朮), Tuber pinelliae(半夏), Rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae(白朮), Fructus ponciri(枳殼), Fructus immaturus ponciri(枳實), Poria(茯?), Semen coicis(薏苡仁), Rhizoma alismatis(澤瀉) Fructus amomi(砂仁), Polyporus umbellatus(猪?), Medulla tetrapanacis(通草) can be used for both herbal medication and herbal acupuncture. And also there are some important acupoints for treating obesity, which are Sanyinjiao(三陰交), Pishu(脾兪), Gongsun(公孫), Fenglong(豊隆), Yinlingquan(陰陵泉), Zusanli(足三里), Qihai(氣海), Sanjiaoshu(三焦兪), Zhongwan(中脘), Neiguan(內關), Weishu(胃兪), Shenshu(腎兪) and Shangjuxu(上巨虛). Conclusions : We recommend that herbal acupuncture can be used for obesity. This method is a kind of injection using herbal extract, which can apply pharmacognosy theory and meridian system at the same time.