• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.923-928
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 산림생태계 훼손 유형별 표토의 이화학적 특성 비교와 식재기반 조성 재료로서의 활용 여부를 평가하였다. 표토는 산림생태계 훼손 유형별 훼손지역 12개 지역, 36개 지점과 각 훼손지 주변에 위치한 자연지역 12개 지역, 36개 지점, 총 72개 지점에서 채취하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 자연지역의 토성은 식양토~사양토, 용적밀도는 $0.95{\sim}1.10Mg/m^3$, 고상률은 $35.7{\sim}44.0m^3/m^3$, 공극률은 $56.0{\sim}64.3m^3/m^3$, 내수성입단율은 8.4~35.8%, 토양경도는 5~13 mm, 토양산도는 5.3~6.1, 전기전도도는 0.14~0.65 dS/m, 전질소량은 0.28~0.42%, 양이온치환용량은 $14{\sim}22cmol^+/kg$, 치환성칼륨함량은 $0.15{\sim}0.31cmol^+/kg$, 치환성칼슘함량은 $2.07{\sim}2.84cmol^+/kg$, 치환성마그네슘함량은 $0.45{\sim}1.97cmol^+/kg$, 유효인산함량은 17~96 mg/kg, 유기물함량은 3.2~5.6%의 범위를 나타냈으며, 훼손지역의 토성은 식양토~양질사토, 용적밀도는 $1.54{\sim}1.75Mg/m^3$, 고상률은 $52.8{\sim}58.0m^3/m^3$, 공극률은 $42.0{\sim}47.2m^3/m^3$, 내수성입단율은 4.2~22.5%, 토양경도는 13~25 mm, 토양산도는 4.8~5.5, 전기전도도는 0.13~0.62 dS/m, 전질소량은 0.02~0.12%, 양이온치환용량은 $5{\sim}15cmol^+/kg$, 치환성칼륨함량은 $0.11{\sim}0.18cmol^+/kg$, 치환성칼슘함량은 $0.45{\sim}2.36cmol^+/kg$, 치환성마그네슘함량은 $0.39{\sim}0.96cmol^+/kg$, 유효인산함량은 15~257 mg/kg, 유기물함량은 0.4~2.2%의 범위를 나타냈다. 자연지역과 훼손지역 표토의 이화학적 특성 비교를 통해 훼손지역 표토가 자연지역 표토에 비해 이화학적 특성이 악화되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이에 향후 표토 재활용을 위한 보전 및 관리 대책이 필요한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.324-336
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• 2004

본 연구는 함양 상림 천연기념물의 식생구조, 환경피해도 등 환경생태적 구조를 분석하여 생태적 관리방안을 제시하고자 수행되었다. 식생구조에서 현존식생은 22개 유형으로 분류되었고 졸참나무-개서어나무군집(31.8%), 졸참나무군집(14.5%)이 넓게 분포하였다 주요 식물군집은 졸참나무군집, 졸참나무-개서어나무군집, 갈참나무군집, 상수리나무군집, 개서어나무군집, 개서어나무-졸참나무군집, 느티나무-졸참나무군집, 조경수식재지 등 8개 유형이었고, 층위발달 정도에 따라 13개 식물군집으로 세분되었으며, 대경목의 수령은 61∼77년생이었다. 환경피해도에서는 등급 3이 51,950$m^2$(32.8%), 등급 4는 5,583$m^2$(3.5%), 등급 5는 4,086$m^2$(2.6%)로 인위적 복원이 필요한 등급 3∼5의 총면적은 61.619$m^2$(38.9%)이었다. 현존식생, 식물군집구조, 환경피해도를 고려하여 비오톱을 유형화한 결과 총 14개 비오톱 유형으로 구분되었으며 이 중 관목층이 훼손된 참나무류 장령림(51,246$m^2$, 32.4%), 단층구조의 낙엽활엽수 장령림(19,906$m^2$, 12.6%)의 분포면적이 넓은 반면, 다층구조의 낙엽활엽수 장령림(2,085$m^2$, 1.3%)과 참나무류 장령림(14,943$m^2$, 9.4%)은 합계 10.7%에 불과하였다. 장기적으로 함양 상림 자연생태계의 안정화를 위하여 다층구조의 낙엽활엽수 장령림 및 참나무류 장령림은 보존대상으로서 이용객 통제와 아울러 보호 관리해 나가야 할 것이며, 관목층훼손 식생지와 단층구조 식생지는 소극적 복원지로서 군집유형별로 상림내 안정된 다층구조의 자연식생구조를 모델로 하여 생태적 천이발달을 유도하여야 할 것이다. 또한 잔디광장과 조경수식 재지는 적극적 복원지로서 다층구조의 참나무류군집과 낙엽활엽수군집 (개서어나무 우점)을 모델로 하여 관리해야 할 것이다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.31-46
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• 2021

In South Korea, there is a growing domestic need for a biotope map which contains ecological and environmental geographic information of a city. After the production of a Urban Ecological Maps(biotope map) by the Seoul metropolitan government in 2000, Natural Environment Conservation Act was revised in 2017 to make it mandatory for a local government to draw up its own urban ecological map. The aim of the present study was to find out ways to utilize an urban ecological map as a mean of communication between natural environment planning and urban planning sectors in a preliminary stage before introducing a big framework of 'environmental and ecological planning.' The northern area of Incheon metropolitan city was selected as the target area for this study. The major research content includes a comparative analysis of special-purpose zones, urban planning zones, restricted development zones, and conservation forests with focus on biotope types and Grades 1 of 'Biotope Type Assessment.' Farmland biotopes and forest biotopes within an area designated as an urban zone (residential, commercial and industrial zones) need to be redesignated as a zone which can conserve them. Especially considering a high possibility of damage to a large scale of natural green areas, these areas need to be readjusted immediately. If the entire area designated as an urban planning zone is to be developed, it is likely to cause serious damage to natural biotopes in the area (56.2%), including farmland biotope (30.4%), forest biotope (15.0%) and grassland biotope (10.8%), and thus, readjustment is needed. In case of a conservation forest, as it can possibly be damaged by the designation of special-purpose zones, it is necessary to match the designation of conservation forests or a special-purpose zones with their biotope types. In conclusion, we present a variety of thematic maps for utilization of an urban ecological map and propose a phase-specific environmental and ecological plan. Phase 1 is the establishment of a urban plan in consideration of ecological status; Phase 2 is the independent establishment of an environmental and ecological plan by an environment department; Phase 3 is an integrated management of ecological planning system and urban planning system.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2017

본 연구는 미용전공 대학생들을 중심으로 두피와 모발의 상태를 정확하게 파악하고 그에 따른 관리 습관 및 자각증상을 인식함으로서 두피 모발의 융합관리 형태에 관심을 갖고 관리하도록 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상자는 전남지역에 거주하는 20대 미용전공 대학생 160명으로 직접 기입방식으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과 두피유형은 복합성 두피가 많았으며, 모발의 문제점으로 모발 끝이 갈라지고 가늘어지는 것을 꼽았고 자신이 손상된 모발을 갖고 있다고 인식하고 있었다. 손상의 원인으로는 잦은 염색과 퍼머라고 답하였으며, 손상을 예방하기 위해 손상모발 샴푸를 주로 사용하고 있었다. 두피 모발에 대한 자각증상에서 두피에 관련하여 관심도가 높을수록 자가인식도가 높았으며 나이와 수면시간도 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.118-128
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• 2016

본 연구는 남해안 물건리 방조어부림의 인문사회적, 자연생태적 특성을 토대로 효율적인 보전 관리방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구대상지는 천연기념물 제 150호로 1,600년경 전주 이씨 후손들이 정착하면서 조성한 숲으로 추정되고 있으며 마을의 평안을 위하여 매년 10월마다 동제를 지내고 있다. 방조어부림은 방재적, 경제적, 환경생태적 기능과 함께 대표적인 역사문화자원으로 남해군에서 관리하고 있다. 선형의 대상지 면적은 $23,962.6m^2$로 주변은 경작지(48.5%), 도시화지역(38.2%)이 넓게 분포하고 있다. 세부적인 현존식생은 이용압 및 훼손여부에 따라 층위형성지와 식생복원지, 훼손지로 구분되었으며 세부적인 식물군집유형은 이용압이 낮은 푸조나무군집(I), 느티나무군집(II), 이용압이 높은 느티나무-이팝나무-푸조나무군집(III), 푸조나무-느티나무군집(IV), 이용에 의해 하층이 훼손된 팽나무-푸조나무군집(V)으로 구분되었다. 숲 내부의 관통도로와 해안도로, 목재데크 산책길, 주차장, 세면대 등의 교통 휴게시설 설치로 인하여 숲의 파편화 및 내부 식생의 생육이 어려워지고 있다. 이를 위한 복원방안으로서 우선복원지역 설정, 복원 식생종 선정과 적정 복원방법이 요구되었다. 훼손지역($7,868.2m^2$)을 우선 복원지역으로 설정하고, 복원 식생종은 후대림을 위하여 숲내 우점종인 느티나무, 푸조나무, 팽나무, 이팝나무를 모수로 한 실생묘를 육성하며, 다층식생구조 형성을 위하여 아교목층과 관목층에 각각 5개체, 115개체(단위면적 $100m^2$)를 보완식재해야 할 것이다. 또한, 숲 내부의 곳곳에 산재하는 휴게시설물 철거 및 무분별한 이용을 통제하고 낙엽활엽수림으로 보전, 복원될 수 있도록 관리 및 모니터링이 수반되어져야 한다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.142-163
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• 2009

Taebaek city is located in the mountainous plateau area therefore the major industry was coal industry. According to dramatically declining of the major industry, Taebaek city is need to alternative industry which associated with considering the geographical characteristics of natural tourism resources for increasing the local economy. On the basis of these reasons, this study can be suggested ecological planning and mitigation of deterioration technique about the these study site. That is the reserved area for mountainous experience theme park. As the results of environmental ecology assessment are following as; The natural ecosystem areas, multi-layer structure forest such as forest of Pinus densiflora, forest of Quercus mongolica and deciduous forest have a high value of nature, diversity and potential. In addition, wild bird habitats were important area as a inhabitation, breeding, feeding and hiding. Therefore, on these areas should be preserved. Also, it needs to conserve on there such as more than three types of wild bird inhabitate areas, the fringe of high biological diversity, the wetland that have got good vegetation condition and the function of amphibia, reptiles crossing. In addition, inhabitation, the waterway of wetland form that have got wide waterside width needs to conserve. In conclusion, on the basis of analysis results such as conditions of plan, environment, ecological assessments, survey informations are able to suggest the connectivity of the axis of forest and management plan. Moreover, in the part of forest restoration plan, we suggest the plan of transplant for a compensation of damaged forest by land use.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.84-101
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• 2004

This study presents an ecological management plan for wildbird habitat conservation, an nature-friendly enhancement of bio-diversity using the riverside of the Tancheon Ecosystem Conservation Area in Seoul by analyzing environmental and ecological characteristics. As a result of analyzing actual vegetation, vegetation type was classified into 34 types. Humulus japonicus association covers an area of 441,568.6㎡(31.44％), and Artemisia princeps var. orientalis association covers an area of 89,690.1㎡(6.39％). Sandy plain as valuable wildbird habitat covers an area of 89,965.9㎡(6.4％). 125 taxa including 34 families, 93 genera, 107 species, and 18 varieties were recorded and the number of naturalized plants were 41 taxa at the survey site. Total naturalized index(NI) and urbanized index(UI) were recorded as 32.8％, and 15.5％. As a result of analyzing the herb plants association structure by surveying 8 belt-transects, the humid native plants was dominant in the partially adjacent revetment edge and damp riverside. On the other hand, naturalized plants was so extensively dominant that it was necessary to establish an ecological management plan. The observed wildbirds belonged to 50 species, 6,118 individuals, and 7 restricted species by law, which were Accipiter gentilis, Falco tinnunculus, Buteo hemilasius, and Buteo buteo. Oriolus chinensis,Hirundo rustica, and Alcedo atthis. The ecological administration plan for Tancheon Ecosystem Conservation Area as follows: in ecological land-use planning, the conservation area(695,518.5㎡) has native woody and herb vegetation and sandy plain with water as an wildbird habitat. The restoration area(653,702.7㎡) has a naturalized plants distribution are with artificial revetment. The nature-friendly Riverside Area(55,414.9㎡) was an easily approached area with damaged riverside vegetation, and a safe area to wildbird habitat. In riverside restoration planning, the artificial riverside should be restored to its natural riverside vegetation, and the artificial embankment should be restored with edge shrubs for wildbird habitat or revegetated for natural riverside landscape. For naturalized plants management planning, we selected naturalized plant species to be weeded out, and suggested an application method for ecological management.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.89-92
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• 2001

Drop weight impact tests were performed to investigate the impact behavior of carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates reinforced by short fibers and other interleaving materials. Characterization techniques, such as cross-sectional fractography and scanning acoustic microscopy, were employed quantitatively to assess the internal damage of some composite laminates. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe impact damage and fracture modes on specimen fracture surfaces. The results show that composite laminates experience various types of fracture; delamination, intra-ply cracking, matrix cracking and fiber breakage depending on the interlayer materials. Among the composite laminates tested in this study, the composites reinforced by Zylon fibers showed very good impact damage resistance with medium level of damage, while the composites interleaved by poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (PEEA) film is expected to deteriorate the bulk strength due to the reduction of fiber volume fraction, even though the damaged area is significantly reduced.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2015

PURPOSES: As a part of our research into repair techniques for roads that have collapsed as a result of a natural disaster, this study set out to find the optimum mix proportion for gravels to be used to restore a damaged area. METHODS: This study considered flow and strength-development characteristics. The experimental variables were the W/C ratio, the usage of the admixture, the types of cement, and the quantity of fine aggregate over three different experimental stages. The compressive strength was measured at 12 hours, one day, three days, and seven days. RESULTS : The flow varied with the amount of fine aggregate and the use of a high-range water-reducing (HRWR) admixture. The compressive strength also varied with respect to the type of cement and the W/C ratios. The strength satisfied the expected requirement of 21 MPa after one day, provided the mix proportion was appropriate. CONCLUSIONS: A gravel-filling high-flow cement-based mortar exhibited strength and consistency with a W/C ratio in the range of 0.40 to 0.45, assuming the use of HRWR at 0.5 to 0.7% and a fine aggregate/cement ratio of 1.0 to 1.5.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.399-418
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• 2015

Automated damage detection through Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) techniques has become an active area of research in the bridge engineering community but widespread implementation on in-service infrastructure still presents some challenges. In the meantime, visual inspection remains as the most common method for condition assessment even though collected information is highly subjective and certain types of damage can be overlooked by the inspector. In this article, a Frequency Response Functions-based model updating algorithm is evaluated using experimentally collected data from the University of Central Florida (UCF)-Benchmark Structure. A protocol for measurement selection and a regularization technique are presented in this work in order to provide the most well-conditioned model updating scenario for the target structure. The proposed technique is composed of two main stages. First, the initial finite element model (FEM) is calibrated through model updating so that it captures the dynamic signature of the UCF Benchmark Structure in its healthy condition. Second, based upon collected data from the damaged condition, the updating process is repeated on the baseline (healthy) FEM. The difference between the updated parameters from subsequent stages revealed both location and extent of damage in a "blind" scenario, without any previous information about type and location of damage.