• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권1호통권29호
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• pp.251-270
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• 1995

In the Literatual Study on the Dysphonia, the results were as follows. 1. The causes of dysphonia are exogenous pathogenic factors,(specially cold evil)internal damage and meridian in The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Interal Medicine, since then endogenous pathogenic factors are lung-asthenia and deficiency of lung-yin etc. The main causes are disease caused by exogenous evils, general body weakness, emotional stimulation and excess of high voice rescently. 2. The pathogenesis of dysphonia originated from two factors; The first internal damages are consumption of body fluid with the formation of dryness evil resulting from the insufficienty of lung-yin and lung-collaterals damaged by heat-evil caused by deficiency of lung and kidney-yin. The second disease caused by exogenous evils is sluggishness of lung-energy caused by exogenous pathogenic factors. 3. The main relative organ are heart, lung and kidney etc. 4. The prescriptions of wind-cold symptoms are Samyoutang(三拗湯) and Hangsosan(杏蘇散), in the prescriptions of phlegm-heat symptom is Chenginyongphetang(淸咽寧肺湯), in the prescriptions of depressive syndrome due to disorder of vital energy are Sogangkitang(小降氣湯) and Shihochenggantang(柴胡淸肝湯加減), in the prescriptions of consumption of body fluid with the formation of dryness evil resulting from the insufficiency of lung-yin symptoms are Sanghangtang(桑杏湯) and Chenginguphetang(淸咽救肺湯, in the prescriptions of deficiency of lung and kidney-yin are Baekhabgokumtang(百合固金湯) and Maekmigiwhangtang(麥味地黃湯). 5. The treatment of acupunctures are used by LI-4(合谷), H-7(湧泉), Liv-3(太衝), K-3(太谿), Sp-6(三陰交), H-5(通里), GV-15(아門), CV-23(廉泉), S-40(農隆), K-6(照海), L-7(列缺), S-36(足三里) etc.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.282-288
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• 1995

고추, 들깨, 가지 등 3개 작물에 pH 2.0, 2.7, 3.0 및 6.0(대조구)의 인공산성비를 10mm씩 2일 간격으로 10회 처리한 후 잎의 피해율과 조직의 변화 그리고 효소 활성의 변화를 살펴본 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 산성비 처리로 작물에 나타난 가시적피해는 고추>들깨>가지의 순 이었으며, 작물의 산성비에 대한 일반적인 피해증상은 잎표면에 나타나는 갈색 또는 백색의 반점이다. 2. pH 3.0의 인공산성비를 처리하여 작물의 잎표면을 전자현미경(SEM)으로 관찰한 결과, 가지를 제외한 고추와 들깨 잎표면의 모용(Trichome)이 변형되었다. 3. pH 2.7 인공산성비 처리로 기공(Stoamta)의 피해가 나타났다. 4. 산성비 처리에 따른 작물의 생리적 특성 변화에서 Peroxidase 활성의 차이를 보였으며, 들깨에서는 1회 처리로 급격한 활성증가를 보였다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.937-947
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• 2007

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive disorder that causes degeneration of motor neurons of the brain and spinal cord. ALS is a progressive, fatal neuromuscular disease characterized by loss of motor neurons leading to muscle weakness. Sensation and mental function stay intact during the course of the disease. ALS is characterized by both upper and lower motor neuron damage. Diagnosis includes magnetic response imaging (MRI) electromyogram (EMG), muscle biopsy, and blood test. There is no cure for ALS. We recently observed three cases of ALS. The patients were diagnosis with ALS by EMG and symptoms. This report was conducted to evaluate how oriental medical treatment can affect ALS. We report the change of their symptoms through oriental medical treatment compared with taking riluzole.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

Objectives Taking detailed patient history helps earlier diagnosis and treatment of developmental disability. In this study we analyzed the clinical questionnaire to find out the clinical characteristics of those with five-retardation, five-limpness, or five-stiffness. Methods The data was collected from 484 children under the age of six who have visited H oriental medicine clinic for developmental delay. The clinical questionnaire was filled out by their parents and the data was analyzed statistically. Results 436 children showed symptoms of five-retardation, 90 children suffered from five-stiffness, 54 children showed five-limpness and 7 children suffered from five-stiffness and five-limpness complex. Generally, boys had higher chance to show disease symptoms than the girls (2.32:1) and 40 children (8.26%) reported family history of developmental disability. Cerebral palsy ranks the most common familial disease, followed by developmental delay, mental retardation, autistic disorder and language disorder. Among the children we have studied, 285 children (63.19%) showed delayed unassisted walk while 192 children (42.57%) had language disorder. Also, 138 children (28.51%) had both walk and language disorders. The children in this study also showed delayed toilet training and half of them had little stranger anxiety when they were infants. It was also found that 120 children (24.79%) experienced epilepsy. This study reaffirmed that low birth weight, premature birth, and suffocation are major risks causing neurological damage. Conclusions They had history which including family history, problems at birth, epilepsy, face recognition, muscle tone disorder, delayed walking without assistance, language ability, and toilet training.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.71-75
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• 1981

1976연, 1977년 및 1980연의 3개년간 진흥과 유신을 공시, 질소질보비구와 배비구로 나누어 6월 21일부터 9월 21일까지 생유 및 잎집무늬마름병의 발병조사를 실시한 결과, 1, 생육상황에 있어서는 진흥이 유신보다 초장이 길었으며 8월 1일 이후에는 질소시비수준에 관계없이 $18\~22cm$ 길었다. 그러나 분얼수에 있어서는 유신에서 많았다. 2. 초발은 6월하순 또는 7월상순으로 7월중순$\~$8월상순사이에 발병주율과 경율이 급속히 증가하였다. 3. 초장에 대한 병반높이의 백분율을 나타낸 병반고율에 있어서는 9월초순에 $50\%$ 내외였으며 유신배비구에서는 8월 11일이후에 $50\%$를 넘었다. 4.조사주에서 제일 높이에 병반이 위치한 엽립 또는 엽초위를 조사하여 병반지수로 나타낸 결과 성숙기에 가까운 9월 21일 조사에서 진흥배비구는 차엽의 중간, 유신배비구는 상엽의 엽초에까지 도달되어 있었다. 5. 상위 제1절부터 제5절까지의 절간장을 비교한 결과, 제 3,4,5절의 길이는 두 품종간에 별차이가 없었으나 제1절과 제2절에서는 진흥이 각각 $7\~6cm$ 길었다. 결론적으로 병반고율에 있어서는 같은 질소시비수준내에서 유신이 진흥보다 높았으며 같은 높이에서 발병이 시작되고 병반진전속도가 같아도 상위 제1, 제2절간장의 길이가 짧은 유신에서 피해가 많았다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2004

Objective:Nitric oxide(NO) has been known to be associated with tolerance and preference to alcohol. It has also been known to affect various alcohol drinking behavior, alcohol withdrawal symptoms and alcohol- induced brain damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference, among alcohol dependence group, alcohol drinking group and abstinence group, in serum concentration of nitrite, a stable metabolite of NO, and it's relationship to clinical and biochemical markers of alcoholism. Methods:Forty subjects diagnosed as alcohol dependence according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria were evaluated for the clinical characteristics and biochemical markers of alcohol dependence including nitrite with their CIWA-Ar scores checked just after admission. Thirty-nine healthy controls were also evaluated, divided into twenty-three alcohol drinking group and sixteen abstinence group. Clinical characteristics were evaluated by CIWA-Ar, CAGE and AUDIT questionnaires. Aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyltransferase(GGT) and mean corpuscular volume(MCV) were used as the biochemical markers of alcohol dependence. Serum nitrite concentrations were measured by Griess reaction. Results:1) The concentrations of nitrite in alcohol dependence patients were not different from those in the control subjects. 2) There were no significant association between the nitrite concentrations and the CIWA-Ar scores in alcohol dependence patients. 3) Nitrites are significantly increased in alcohol dependence group and alcohol drinking group compared with abstinence group. Conclusions:These findings suggest that serum nitrite concentration has no relation with alcohol withdrawal symptoms, but alcohol drinking increases serum nitrite concentration influenced by general condition of the body.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.204-210
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• 2011

방사선에너지가 생체에 미치는 영향 중 물질대사에 관여하는 미량원소의 함량을 알아보았다. 실험 방법은 mouse에 1Gy, 5Gy, 10Gy의 X선을 전신 조사한 후 간 조직에서 분석하였다. 그 결과, 일부 원소에서 대조군과 비교하여 함량 변화가 확인되었다. 선량에 따른 변화에서는 1Gy에서는 크게 차이를 보이지 않았으나 5Gy, 10Gy의 높은 선량에서는 Ca, Mn의 함량이 감소되었다. 그 중 Ca의 함량이 가장 많이 감소되었으며, 근육 긴장과 만성 두통 등의 증후군을 유발하는 것으로 판단된다. 함량 증가를 보인 원소는 Al으로 100% 증가된 것으로 조사되었다. 방사선 조사 후 기간 경과에 따른 함량 변화에서는 Fe, Ba 등에서 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 유해원소는 Cd 함량이 25% 증가 되었는데 이는 칼슘대사에 관여하는 것으로 알려졌다. 따라서 방사선에너지에 의한 세포 손상이 미량원소 함량 변화에 영향을 주는 것으로 판단되며, 전구증상을 유발하는데 일정부분 관련이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.147-170
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• 2018

Objectivs : This report describes the studies as follows through the research of 163prescribtions in low-chapter from Bangyakhappyun. Methods : Analysis the 163prescribtions of basic prescribtions, therapeutic area, symptoms and pathology. Result : Many prescriptions are contained in the diseases areas such as defecate diseases, women diseases, internal diseases, exogenous febrile diseases. And prescriptions in the low-chapter are used in the areas such as eye, aggregation, mouth and tongue, teeth, hand, back, neck, emergency. Eighty-five basic prescriptions are analyzed from the low-chapter and the ratio of nineteen prescriptions containing Ijintang, Pyeongwisan, Oryungsan, Samultang, Sunggitang, Jichultang are over 60%. The efficacy classifications containing basic prescriptions frequently used are researched in the following order: heat-clearing and fire-purging formulae, digestant formulae, phlegm-dispelling formulae, qi-regulating formulae and blood-activating formulae. And tonifying and replenishing formulae are rarely used. Most of the prescriptions in the low-chapter are used for the excess syndrome and few of them are used for the deficiency syndrome. And six excesses, food damage, phlegm are the major causes of excess syndrome. Conclusions : As s result of study on analysis all prescriptions in low-chapter from Bangyakhappyun. We can understand more about basic prescriptions, symptoms of prescriptions and pathology.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.58-62
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• 2004

White root rot of wild white clover (Trifoliorum repens) caused by isolate BWC98-105 has been first reported in Korea. Typical symptoms on root include water-soaked and dark-brown rot, resulting in complete blight of the whole plant. The fungus grew well at $20-28^{\circ}C$ and produced abundant sclerotia at 10-15 days after full mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar. Sclerotia were brown to dark-brown in color and 1-3 mm in length. When white clover plants were inoculated with mycelial suspension ($10^5$ cfu/ml) of isolate BWC98-105, the plant shoots were killed within 4-6 days and the roots were completely blighted. Sclerotia were also formed on the surface of the root covered with whitish mycelia within 10-15 days in the field. All nine isolates developed high incidences of white root rot disease on white clover seedlings, of which the symptoms were similar to those observed in the fields. Hence, their pathogenicity was confirmed on white clover. The infection rate of the fungal isolates varied from 78.5% to 95.2%, among which BWC98-105 was the most virulent isolate. The weeding efficacy of the fungus was maintained until the following year, leading to a significant reduction of reshooting. The fungus was specifically parasitic to white clover, but not to four lawn species including zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) under greenhouse test. The fungus also had no response to some Gramineae species including rice, but caused little damage to five species of Leguminosae.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.300-310
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• 2016

Pathogen infection in plants induces complex responses ranging from gene expression to metabolic processes in infected plants. In spite of many studies on biotic stress-related changes in host plants, little is known about the metabolic and phenotypic responses of the host plants to Pseudomonas cichorii infection based on image-based analysis. To investigate alterations in tomato plants according to disease severity, we inoculated plants with different cell densities of P. cichorii using dipping and syringe infiltration methods. High-dose inocula (${\geq}10^6cfu/ml$) induced evident necrotic lesions within one day that corresponded to bacterial growth in the infected tissues. Among the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters analyzed, changes in quantum yield of PSII (${\Phi}PSII$) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) preceded the appearance of visible symptoms, but maximum quantum efficiency of PSII ($F_v/F_m$) was altered well after symptom development. Visible/near infrared and chlorophyll fluorescence hyperspectral images detected changes before symptom appearance at low-density inoculation. The results of this study indicate that the P. cichorii infection severity can be detected by chlorophyll fluorescence assay and hyperspectral images prior to the onset of visible symptoms, indicating the feasibility of early detection of diseases. However, to detect disease development by hyperspectral imaging, more detailed protocols and analyses are necessary. Taken together, change in chlorophyll fluorescence is a good parameter for early detection of P. cichorii infection in tomato plants. In addition, image-based visualization of infection severity before visual damage appearance will contribute to effective management of plant diseases.