• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.98-102
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• 1983

양평(楊坪) 산간계곡(山間溪谷)의 수도(水稻) 및 산야초(山野草)의 피해(被害)는 현지(現地)의 피해상황(被害狀況), 피해증상(被害症狀)과 식물체중(植物體中)의 불소함량(弗素含量) 및 무기성분량(無機成分量)의 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 수도(水稻)의 엽피해정도(葉被害程度)는 100m 지점(地點)까지는 95%, 500m 지점(地點)에서는 65%, 2㎞ 지점(地點)에서는 5%정도(程度)였다. 2) 피해증상특미(被害症狀特微) ${\cdot}$ 수도(水滔) : 심(甚)한 것은 백색(白色)으로 고사(枯死)하고 경미(輕微)한 것은 엽선단부위(葉先端部位)에 백색(白色)이나 적갈색(赤褐色)이 발견(發見) ${\cdot}$ 잡초(雜草) : 심(甚)한 것은 적갈색(赤褐色)으로 고사(枯死)하고 경미(輕微)한 것은 엽선단(葉先端)이 적갈색(赤褐色)으로 고사(枯死) 3) 식물체중(植物體中) 불소함량(弗素含量) ${\cdot}$ 수도(水稻) : 엽중(葉中) 불소함량(弗素含量)은 $170{\sim}3,225ppm$이고 근(根)에서는 $68.8{\sim}3,000ppm$이었으나 엽선단(葉先端)의 피해부위(被害部位)가 엽중심부(葉中心部) 보다 불소함량(弗素含量)이 $3{\sim}20$배(倍)많았다. ${\cdot}$ 잡초(雜草) : 무피해엽중(無被害葉中) 불소함량(弗素含量)은 $10{\sim}15ppm$이고 피해엽(被害葉)은 $130{\sim}242.5ppm$이였고, 엽선단(葉先端)의 피해부위(被害部位)는 중심부보다 $1.2{\sim}7$배정도(倍程度) 많았다. 4) 피해엽(被害葉)의 선단부위(先端部位)에 CaO, $K_2O,\;SiO_2$ Fe, 및 Mn 등(等)이 축적(蓄積)되었다. 5) 피해(被害)가 가장 적은 식물(植物)은 댕댕이덩굴이며 피해(被害)가 심(甚)한 식물(植物)은 산딸기, 두릅나무 등(等)이었다. 이상(以上)의 조사결과(調査結果) 본(本) 피해(被害)는 피해지(被害地) 린근(隣近)에서 불화수소산(弗化水素酸)을 리용(利用)한 세멘트 경화제(硬化劑) 제조시(製造時) 발생(發生)한 불화수소(弗化水素)가스에 의(依)한 피해(被害)로 판단(判斷)되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.657-662
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• 2008

To develop transgenic orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) resistant to high temperature, the recombinant DgHSP17.2 gene was introduced into orchardgrass plants using the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method and expressed constitutively under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter. The results of genomic DNA PCR and Southern analysis showed a DNA band and hybridization signal on agarose gel and X-ray film in transgenic orchardgrass plants harboring the recombinant DgHSP17.2 gene, but a DNA band and hybridization signal were not observed in the wild type and empty vector control plants. The same result was also obtained in RT-PCR and Southern blot analysis, and these transgenic orchardgrass plants did not show any morphological aberration both in the culture bottle and soil mixture. When leaf discs cut from transgenic orchardgrass plants with recombinant DgHsp17.2 gene were exposed to lethal temperature (heat treatment at $60^{\circ}C$ for 50 min), 60-80% of the leaf discs showed only damage symptoms, but non-transgenic leaf discs showed a lethal condition. These results indicate that the DgHsp17.2 gene may act as a protector from heat stress in plants.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 1996

산성비에 의한 작물의 조직피해를 알아보기 위하여 벼, 콩, 보리, 무 등 4개 작물에 pH 2.0, 2.5, 2.7, 3.0 및 6.0(대조구)의 인공산성비를 10mm씩 2일 간격으로 10회 처리한 후 잎의 피해율과 모용(Trichome) 및 기공의 변화를 살펴본 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 산성비 처리에 의한 작물별 가시적 피해는 콩 > 무 > 벼 > 보리의 순으로 외떡잎 식물인 벼와 보리가 쌍떡잎 식물보다 적게 나타났다. 2. pH 2.0의 인공산성비를 처리한 작물의 잎 표면을 주사전자현미경(SEM)으로 살펴본 결과, 콩과 무는 잎의 모용이 변형되었으나 벼 잎에서는 변화가 없었다. 3. pH 2.5 인공산성비 처리로 벼를 제외한 콩, 보리 및 무의 기공에 피해가 나타났다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.39-42
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• 2016

Forehead osteomas are benign but can pose aesthetic and functional problems. These osteomas are resected via bicoronal or endoscopic approach. However, large osteomas cannot be removed via endoscopic approach, and bicoronal approach can result in damage to the supraorbital nerve with resultant numbness in the forehead. We present a new approach to resection of forehead osteomas, with access provided by an anterior hairline incision and subcutaneous dissection. Three patients underwent resection of the forehead osteoma through an anterior hairline incision. The dissection was carried in the subcutaneous plane, and the frontalis muscle and periosteum were divided parallel to the course of supraorbital nerve. The resulting bony defect was re-contoured using $Medpor^{(R)}$. All three patients recovered without any postoperative infection or complication and symptoms. Scalp sensory was preserved. Aesthetic outcomes were satisfactory. Patients remain free of recurrence for 12 months of follow up. The anterior hair line approach with subcutaneous dissection is an effective method for removal of forehead osteoma, since it offers broad visualization and hides the scar in the hairline. In addition, the dissection in the subcutaneous plane avoids inadvertent injury to the deep nerve branches and helps to maintains scalp sensation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.136-145
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• 2014

Background: This study aimed to develop a biocontrol system for ginseng root rot caused by Fusarium cf. incarnatum. Methods: In total, 392 bacteria isolated from ginseng roots and various soils were screened for their antifungal activity against the fungal pathogen, and a bacterial isolate (B2-5) was selected as a promising candidate for the biocontrol because of the strong antagonistic activity of the bacterial cell suspension and culture filtrate against pathogen. Results: The bacterial isolate B2-5 displayed an enhanced inhibitory activity against the pathogen mycelial growth with a temperature increase to $25^{\circ}C$, produced no pectinase (related to root rotting) an no critical rot symptoms at low [$10^6$ colony-forming units (CFU)/mL] and high ($10^8CFU/mL$) inoculum concentrations. In pot experiments, pretreatment with the bacterial isolate in the presumed optimal time for disease control reduced disease severity significantly with a higher control efficacy at an inoculum concentration of $10^6CFU/mL$ than at $10^8CFU/mL$. The establishment and colonization ability of the bacterial isolates on the ginseng rhizosphere appeared to be higher when both the bacterial isolate and the pathogen were coinoculated than when the bacterial isolate was inoculated alone, suggesting its target-oriented biocontrol activity against the pathogen. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the pathogen hyphae were twisted and shriveled by the bacterial treatment, which may be a symptom of direct damage by antifungal substances. Conclusion: All of these results suggest that the bacterial isolate has good potential as a microbial agent for the biocontrol of the ginseng root rot caused by F. cf. incarnatum.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.290-298
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• 2015

Starting in 2012, severe diebacks usually accompanied by abundant gum exudation have occurred on yuzu trees in Goheung-gun, Jeonnam Province, where severely affected trees were occasionally killed. On-farm surveys were conducted at 30 randomly-selected orchards located at Pungyang-myeon, Goheung-gun, and the resulting disease incidences were 18.5% and 39.6% for dieback and gumming symptoms, respectively. Black spots on branches and leaves also appeared on infected trees showing a typical dieback symptom. Morphological and molecular identifications of the isolated fungal organisms from lesions on the symptomatic leaves and branches revealed that they are identical to Phomopsis citri, known to cause gummosis. In order to find the reason for this sudden epidemic, we investigated the weather conditions that are exclusively distinct from previous years, hypothesizing that certain weather extremes might have caused the severe induction of pre-existing disease for yuzu. There were two extreme temperature drops beyond the yuzu's cold hardiness limit right after an abnormally-warm-temperature-rise during the winter of 2011-12, which could cause severe frost damage resulting in mechanical injuries and physiological weakness to the affected trees. Furthermore, there was an increased frequency of strong wind events, seven times in 2012 compared to only a few times in the previous years, that could also lead to extensive injuries on branches. In conclusion, we estimated that the possible damages by severe frost and frequent strong wind events during 2012 could cause the yuzu trees to be vulnerable to subsequent fungal infection by providing physical entries and increasing plant susceptibility to infections.

• 식물병연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.268-276
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• 2012

Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), genus Fabavirus, subfamily Comovirinae, family Secoviridae, causes damage in many economically important horticultural and ornamental crops. Sequence alignments showed several conserved sequences in 5' non-coding regions (5' NCRs) of RNA 1 and RNA 2 in all BBWV2 strains characterized so far. Based on this observation, we generated a hpRNA construct (pIR-BBWV2) harboring an inverted repeat containing a 210 bp cDNA fragment homologous to 5' NCR portion of BBWV2 RNA 1 to investigate the silencing potential for its ability to interfere with a rapidly replicating BBWV2. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of the IR-BBWV2 had a detrimental effect on BBWV2 infection, showing no distinct symptoms in non-inoculated leaves of the agroinfiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana plants. BBWV2 genomic RNAs were not detected by RT-PCR from tissues of both the inoculated leaves and upper leaves of the agroinfiltrated plants. Accumulation of virus-derived small interfering RNAs was detected in the inoculated leaf tissues of N. benthamiana plants elicited by transient expression of IR-BBWV2 indicating that RNA silencing is responsible for the resistance to BBWV2.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.56-59
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• 2017

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis and portomesenteric venous gas are uncommon radiological findings, but are found commonly in cases of bowel ischemia, or as a result of various non-ischemic conditions. A 72-year-old man visited an emergency center with altered mental status 2 hours after ingestion of an unknown pesticide. On physical examination, he showed the characteristic hydrocarbon or garlic-like odor, miotic pupils with no response to light, rhinorrhea, shallow respiration, bronchorrhea, and sweating over his face, chest and abdomen. Laboratory results revealed decreased serum cholinesterase, as well as elevated amylase and lipase level. We made the clinical diagnosis of organophosphate poisoning in this patient based on the clinical features, duration of symptoms and signs, and level of serum cholinesterase. Activated charcoal, fluid, and antidotes were administered after gastric lavage. A computerized tomography scan of the abdomen with intravenous contrast showed acute pancreatitis, poor enhancement of the small bowel, pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis, portomesenteric venous gas and ascites. Emergent laparotomy could not be performed because of his poor physical condition and refusal of treatment by his family. The possible mechanisms were believed to be direct intestinal mucosal damage by pancreatic enzymes and secondary mucosal disruption due to bowel ischemia caused by shock and the use of inotropics. Physicians should be warned about the possibility of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis and portomesenteric venous gas as a complication of pancreatitis following anticholinesterase poisoning.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권7호
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• pp.308-311
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• 2016

We report a human parechovirus-3 (HPeV-3) infection in 2 neonates who had prolonged fever (>5 days) with palmar-plantar erythema. This distinctive rash was observed 4-5 days after fever onset, just before defervescence. Elevated aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and ferritin levels were characteristic laboratory findings in the 2 cases, suggesting tissue damage caused by hypercytokinemia. Case 1 was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, considering the possibility of severe systemic inflammatory responses. The initial ferritin level was 385 ng/mL (range, 0-400 ng/mL); however, the level increased to 2,581 ng/dL on day 5 after fever onset. Case 2 presented with milder clinical symptoms, and the patient recovered spontaneously. HPeV-3 was detected in cerebrospinal fluid and/or blood samples, but no other causative agents were detected. The findings from our cases, in accordance with recent studies, suggest that clinical features such as palmar-plantar erythema and/or hyperferritinemia might be indicators of HPeV-3 infection in neonates with sepsis-like illness. In clinical practice, where virology testing is not easily accessible, clinical features such as palmar-plantar erythema and/or hyperferritinemia might be helpful to diagnose HPeV-3 infection.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.477-486
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• 2017

This review provides an overview of dietary nucleotides as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for weaning pigs. Dietary nucleotides are composed of DNA or RNA molecules and are normally contained in protein-rich feed ingredient, brewer's yeast, yeast extract, and milk. Weaning pigs are suffering from several stresses, such as environmental challenges (i.e. crowding, transportation, and feeding). Such stressors can damage the intestinal epithelium and cause an invasion by Escherichia coli, secondary inflammatory responses, and post weaning diarrhea. To overcome weaning disorder, people often use antibiotics which reduce symptoms and boost growth performance. However, since antibiotics were banned due to concerns of antibiotic resistant bacteria, researchers are studying alternative materials to antibiotics. Dietary nucleotides are one of the alternative materials for replacing antibiotics and can be used in abnormal conditions, such as weaning diarrhea, low digestibility, and disease condition. Nucleotides have substances that have important roles in cell division and cell growth, affecting growth performance, intestinal condition, and immunological effect at the weaning stage. However, nucleotides' composition is very different between sources and this aspect makes it difficult to utilize nucleotides at the weaning stage. Therefore, this review paper focuses on i) the characteristics and functions of dietary nucleotides and ii) the effect of dietary nucleotides on the growth performance and immune system of pigs.