• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.507-515
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• 2021

Postoperative ileus (POI), a symptom that occurs after abdominal surgery, reduces gastrointestinal motility. Although its mechanism is unclear, POI symptoms are known to be caused by inflammation 6 to 72 h after surgery. As proton pump inhibitors exhibit protective effect against acute inflammation, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ilaprazole on a POI rat model. POI was induced in rats by abdominal surgery. Rats were divided into six groups: control: normal rat + 0.5% CMC-Na, vehicle: POI rat + 0.5% CMC-Na, mosapride: POI rat + mosapride 2 mg/kg, ilaprazole 1 mg/kg: POI rat + ilaprazole 1 mg/kg, ilaprazole 3 mg/kg: POI rat + ilaprazole 3 mg/kg, and ilaprazole 10 mg/kg: POI rat + ilaprazole 10 mg/kg. Gastrointestinal motility was confirmed by measuring gastric emptying (GE) and gastrointestinal transit (GIT). In the small intestine, inflammation was confirmed by measuring TNF-α and IL-1β; oxidative stress was confirmed by SOD, GSH, and MDA levels; and histological changes were observed by H&E staining. Based on the findings, GE and GIT were decreased in the vehicle group and improved in the ilaprazole 10 mg/kg group. In the ilaprazole 10 mg/kg group, TNF-α and IL-1β levels were decreased, SOD and GSH levels were increased, and MDA levels were decreased. Histological damage was also reduced in the ilaprazole-treated groups. These findings suggest that ilaprazole prevents the decrease in gastrointestinal motility, a major symptom of postoperative ileus, and reduces inflammation and oxidative stress.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2022

Objective : We examined the literature of <Life Nurturing Method and Conduction Exercise(養生方導引法)> of 《Pathogenesis and Manifestations of Food Stagnation and Indigestion(宿食不消病諸候)》 in 『Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All Diseases(諸病源候論)』 and actually implement its movement to present conduction exercise based on the principle of Korean medicine treatment. Method : We used web services for traditional Eastern Asian medical classics and some literature on 『Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All Diseases(諸病源候論)』 and its <Life Nurturing Method and Conduction Exercise(養生方導引法)〉. The original text was interpreted and the movements of <Life Nurturing Method and Conduction Exercise> were implemented according to the literature. A qi-gong(氣功) expert demonstrated the movements and we took pictures. Results : <Life Nurturing Method and Conduction Exercise(養生方導引法)> was written in the symptom of Food Stagnation and Indigestion(宿食不消候) and the symptom of food damage and excessive eating(食傷飽候) among the chapters of 《Pathogenesis and Manifestations of Food Stagnation and Indigestion(宿食不消病諸候)》. With respect to the movements and breathing, stretching your back allows qi(氣) energy to enter the lower cinnabar field(下丹田) immediately, and when the lower stomach is full of qi it can be transported upper body, leading to better communication of qi around the body. Conclusion : The practical implementation of the movements and postures will contribute to understanding the characteristics, pathology, and contents of diseases related to indigestion, and furthermore it can be widely used clinically for prevention and treatment of digestive disorders.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 1999

Over 2,000 ha of rice fields in the western and southern coastal region of Korea were flooded with sea water during the spring tide, on August 19-21, 1997, and the rice plant at heading stage was injured. The field surveys were undertaken at the sea water flooded paddy fields in Chonbuk Province, to identify the injury symptoms and rice yield damage subjected to different flooding condition and desalinization methods. Five days after sea water flooding at heading stage, the flag leaves of rice plants flooded with 30 ㎝ deep sea water withered from the tip, the withering progressed to the lower leaves in deeper flooding. The spikelets were spotted black and discolored from the tip at 50 ㎝ deep flooded rice, and some panicles changed to white at 80 ㎝ deep flooded rice. Most of the rice leaves submerged completely for an hour were withered and most of panicles changed to white. The milled rice yield, percentage of ripened grain, and 1000 grain weight of flooded rice decreased with deeper flooding water, higher water salinity and longer flooding time. Even under the same flooding conditions, the damage of rice yield varied with the growth stage: heading stage>dough stage>booting stage. Rice yield damage was less in the fields on the upper riverside than those of the fields on the estuary and seaside, because of lower water salinity. In a flooded field, the rice yield damages were reduced as the distance increased from the levees where the sea water inflowed and increased as the distance increased from the fresh water irrigation gate. The desalinization treatments consisting of frequent exchange of irrigation water and spraying with fresh water soon after flooding effectively reduced the rice yield damage.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.288-295
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• 2013

Nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) gas damage on vegetable crops commonly occurs in plastic film houses where relatively large amounts of $NO_3{^-}$ are applied in acid soils. In acid soils, $HNO_2$ can be formed from the $NO_2{^-}$ accumulated during denitrification, and $NO_2$ can be evolved from the chemical self-decomposition of $HNO_2$. In this study, $NO_2$ gas production and its detrimental effects on plants were investigated in soils of various conditions to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the gas production. A silty loam soil was amended with $NO_3{^-}$ (500 mg N $kg^{-1}$) and glucose, and pH and moisture of the soil were adjusted respectively to 5.0 and 34.6% water holding capacity (WHC) with 0.01 M phosphate buffer. The soil was placed in a 0.5-L glass jar with strawberry leaf or $NO_2$ gas absorption badge in air space of the jar, and the jar was incubated at $30^{\circ}C$. After 4-5 days of incubation, dark burning was observed along the outside edge of strawberry leaf and $NO_2$ production was confirmed in the air space of jar. However, when the soil was sterilized, $NO_2$ emission was minimal and any visible damage was not found in strawberry leaf. In the soil where water or $NO_3{^-}$ content was reduced to 17.3% WHC or 250 mg N $kg^{-1}$, $NO_2$ production was greatly reduced and toxicity symptom was not found in strawberry leaf. Also in the soil where glucose was not amended, $NO_2$ production was significantly reduced. In soil with pH of 6.5, $NO_2$ was evolved to the level causing damage to strawberry leaf when the soil conditions were favorable for denitrification. However, compared to the soil of pH 5.0, the $NO_2$ production and its damage to plants were much less serious in pH 6.5. Therefore, the production of $NO_2$ damaging plants might be occurred in acid soils when the conditions are favorable for denitrification.

• 재활복지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.213-231
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• 2017

우반구 손상(Right Hemisphere Damage, RHD)에 따른 의사소통장애는 좌반구 손상 환자군과는 다른 양상을 보이며, 좌반구 손상 환자 대상의 실어증 평가에서는 그 장애 정도가 잘 감별되지 않기 때문에 이들에 대한 언어 평가와 중재연구가 적극적으로 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 최근 10년간 국내외 관련 학술지에서 다루어진 RHD 환자에 대한 연구논문을 분석하여 RHD 환자의 의사소통장애 평가와 중재 방향에 대한 동향을 파악하고, 향후 임상과 연구 영역에서의 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 국내외 논문 총 75편(국내 논문 13편, 국외 논문 62편)을 대상으로 연구유형과 연구영역으로 나누어 분석을 실시하였다. 연구유형 및 연구영역에서 국내외 동일하게 RHD 환자의 인지-의사소통장애 특성을 비교하고, 언어외적 능력을 가장 많이 살펴본 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 평가도구 개발 연구 및 인지-의사소통 외 능력(예: 일상생활능력, 우울)과 같이 다양한 주제에 대한 연구가 빈번히 이루어져 있는 국외 연구와는 달리 국내 연구는 아직까지 제한적인 범위 내에서만 이루어져 있었다. 본 논문을 통해 파악된 RHD 환자군의 국내외 연구 동향을 통해 향후 국내 RHD 환자를 대상으로 한 임상장면과 연구에서 다양하고 심도 높은 연구가 이루어질 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.352-358
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• 2006

조풍해(briny wind)에 대한 과수 과종간 피해 양상을 알아보기 위해 본 실험을 수행하였다. 갈변율의 경시적 변화에서 배와 복숭아는 처리 후 1시간 만에 갈변이 시작되었고, 사과와 포도는 2시간 후부터 갈변증상을 나타냈나. 배와 포도는 농도가 높아질수록 낙엽률도 증가되었다. 염분처리에 대한 사과의 에틸렌 함량은 NaCl 3.0% 처리한 경우 1, 2시간 후까지 무처리와 큰 차이가 없었지만, 24시간 후에는 무처리 보다 약 3배 이상 높은 함량을 나타냈고, 5일 후에는 차이가 없었다. 사과의 염분처리에서 뒷면처리는 앞 뒷면 전체처리한 경우와 동일한 갈변과 낙엽률을 보였다. 엽령에 따른 NaCl의 반응은 사과와 배 모두에서 성엽이 유엽보다는 피해가 크게 나타났고 배보다는 사과가 염에 대해 민감하였다. 처리시기에 따른 염피해 에서 7월 30일 처리는 사과에서 측아가 발아되었으며, 정단은 배 30%를 제외하고 나머지 과종은 100% 발아하였다. 상위엽과 정단의 호르몬 함량을 조사한 결과에서, 잎의 t-zeatin 함량은 대포구가 염처리구 보다 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 하지만 IAA와 ABA는 염농도가 높아질수록 상위엽의 함량이 증가하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2022

Objectives: This retrospective study aimed to analyze data on nerve damage in patients who complained of sensory changes after dental implant surgery, the clinical results according to proximity of the implant fixture to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) canal, and the factors affecting recovery of sensation. Materials and Methods: The electronic medical records of 64 patients who had experienced sensory change after implant surgery were reviewed. Patients were classified by sex, age, implant installation sites, recovery rate and the distance between the implant fixture and IAN canal on computed tomography (CT). The distance was classified into Group I (D>2 mm), Group II (2 mm≥D>0 mm), and Group III (D≤0 mm). Results: The 64 patients were included and the mean age was 57.3±7.3 years. Among the 36 patients who visited our clinic more than two times, 21 patients (58.3%) reported improvement in sensation, 13 patients (36.1%) had no change in sensation, and 2 patients (5.6%) reported worsening sensation. In Group II, symptom improvement was achieved in all patients regardless of the removal of the implant fixture. In Group III, 8 patients (40.0%) had reported symptom improvement with removal of the implant fixture, and 2 patients (33.3%) of recovered patients showed improvement without removal. Removal of the implant fixture in Group III did not result in any significant difference in recovery (P=0.337), although there was a higher possibility of improvement in sensation in removal cases. Conclusion: Clinicians first should consider removing the fixture when it directly invades the IAN canal. However, in cases of sensory change after dental implant surgery where the drill or implant fixture did not invade the IAN canal, other indirect factors such as flap elevation and damage due to anesthesia should be considered as causes of sensory change. Removal of the implant should be considered with caution in these situations.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1678-1727
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• 2006

This study was perfromed to develop the assessment guideline and endpoints for clinical trial with anticancer herbal medicine. The botanical products used to humans for long time may be applied to phase 3 clinical trial after submitting the evidences for safety and efficacy of them or completion of basic requirement of phase 1 and phase 2 for safety confirmation and dose determination. Syndrome improvement was chiefly evaluated by Zubrod and karnofsky(%) methods. We suggest the general clinical trial assessment with botanical products, by following assessment points, that is, tumor size for 50 points, survival fate for 10 points, major syndromes for 40 points. It is recommendable that the each symptom of Qi deficiency syndrome, blood deficiency syndrome and Qi stagnation syndrome was allocated by assessment points, Similarly, the each symptom was given the assessment points according to the severity of symptom, for example, slight for 3 points, moderate for 2 points and severe for 1 point in hepatocelluar carcinoma and lung cancer. Then, the efficacy of botanical products was evaluated by the difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment. Asking the neoplastic patients of questionnaire on physical, emotional, cognitive, social and role subjects availability, three more syndromes (Fatigue, Pain and Nausea/Vomit), quality of life(QOL) will be evaluated by GLM statistics. In addition, in case of lung cancer, 13 questions will be asked by the EORTC QLQ-C13 forms. As the assessment of endpoints for efficacy to reduce side effects induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the data of image scanning and hemato-urinalysis can be usefully applied on immune response, weight loss, indigestion, hemopoietic damage and injury of liver and kidney, while the changes of syndromes of side effect can be evaluated by differentiation methods of Qi and blood and five viscera. However, it is still necessary to determine the ratio between scientific analytical method and Oriental differentiation method as well as confirm the Oriental assessment endpoints by clinical trial. In addition, we suggest the continuous development of assessment endpoints on other carcinomas except of hepatocelluar carcinoma and lung cancer in future.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2012

수분부족과 지속적인 저온현상으로 우리나라 주요 차 생산 지역에 막대한 피해를 입혔는데, 이번 동해는 체내 수분부족으로 잎이 건조되어 퇴색된 녹색을 띄다가 고사하는 청고현상이 먼저 발견되었고, 대부분의 차(茶)재배지역에 피해를 입혔다. 이기간 동안 평균기온은 $0.2^{\circ}C$로 전년대비 $-2.7^{\circ}C$ 낮았고 2011년 01월과 02월의 최저기온의 평균기온은 $-5.6^{\circ}C$로 전년대비 $-4.5^{\circ}C$ 낮았으며, 가장 낮은 기온이 관측된 날은 01월 18일 06시 55분으로 $-11.8^{\circ}C$로 관측되었으며 전년 최저기온 보다 $-5.5^{\circ}C$ 낮게 관측되었다. 2010년 12월부터 2011년 02월까지 월동기간 동안 강우량은 104mm 밖에 되지 않아 전년보다 306mm 적게 내렸다. 색도 측정에서는 모든 지역에서 2012년에 비해 2011년도에서 L, a, b값 모두 높게 나왔고 수분함량 또한 2012년보다 2011년 잎의 수분함량이 낮게 나타났으며, Trypan blue분석에서는 저온 스트레스를 받지 않는 정상 차나무 잎에서는 세포사멸 현상이 거의 관찰되지 않았으나 저온 스트레스를 받은 청고피해 잎은 부분 세포사멸이 되어 부분 염색이 일어났으며, 적고피해 잎에서는 대부분 세포사멸이 일어나 대부분 염색이 되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.501-505
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• 2003

보리호위축병 피해지역에 대한 수량감소의 예측을 위하여, 보리호위축병(BaYMV)에 대한 저항성 품종과 이병성 품종간 수량구성요소, 수량 및 증질 변이를 건전구와 이병구에서 비교 조사하였다. 1. 보리호위축병의 이병주는 BaYMV에 감염된 것으로 나타났으며, 이병정도는 감수성 품종인 백동에서 9, 저항성 품종인 내한쌀보리에서 1정도 발병하였다. 2. 감수성 품종인 백동은 천립중을 제외한 간장, 수당립수, $\textrm{m}^2$당 수수 등의 수량구성요소가 유의하게 감소하였으며, 수량은 대조구의 20%수준으로 현저히 감소하였다. 3. 보리호위축병 감염구에서 종자의 발아율은 감수성 품종과 저항성 품종간에 차이가 없었으나, 정립률은 감수성 품종인 백동에서 설립중이 유의하게 증가하였으며, 대조구에 비하여 정립률과 조단백질 함량 모두 유의한 차이를 보였다. 4. 보리호위축병은 간장, 수량, 정립률, 수수, 천립중, 1수립수 등의 피해와 부의 상관을, 조단백질 함량과는 정의 상관을 보여 보리호위축병에 이병이 되면 수량 및 품질에 크게 피해를 주는 것으로 나타났다.