• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1189-1202
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• 2016

This paper describes an application of wavelet analysis for damage detection of a steel frame structure with bolted connections. The wavelet coefficients of the acceleration response for the healthy and loosened connection structure were calculated at each measurement point. The difference of the wavelet coefficients of the response of the healthy and loosened connection structure is selected as an indicator of the damage. At each node of structure the norm of the difference of the wavelet coefficients matrix is then calculated. The point for which the norm has the higher value is a candidate for location of the damage. The above procedure was experimentally verified on a laboratory-scale 2-meter-long steel frame. The structure consists of 11 steel beams forming a four-bay frame, which is subjected to impact loads using a modal hammer. The accelerations are measured at 20 different locations on the frame, including joints and beam elements. Two states of the structure are considered: healthy and damaged one. The damage is introduced by means of loosening two out of three bolts at one of the frame connections. Calculating the norm of the difference of the wavelet coefficients matrix at each node the higher value was found to be at the same location where the bolts were loosened. The presented experiment showed the effectiveness of the wavelet approach to damage detection of frame structures assembled using bolted connections.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.127-136
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• 2002

This papers presents a practical damage detection algorithm based on damage index method that accurately assesses both the location and severity of the localized detriment in a bridge structure using only limited mode shapes. In the algorithm, the ratio of the modal vector sensitivity of an undamaged structure to that of a damaged structure is used as an indicator of damage. However, a difficulty arises when the damaged element is located at a node of mode where the amplitude of medal vector is close to zero, leading the singularity of the ratio (i.e., division-by-zero). This singularity problem is overcome by introducing a parameter denoted a sensitivity filter, a function of mode shape of the structure, in modal vector sensitivity. Using this concept, an improvement can be considerably achieved in the estimation of both degree of severity and location of damage. To verify the proposed algorithm, its numerical implementations are conducted for a simply supported beam and a 2-span continuous beam.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.107-122
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• 2019

As one of the most important parameters in structural health monitoring, structural frequency has many advantages, such as convenient to be measured, high precision, and insensitive to noise. In addition, frequency-change-ratio based method had been validated to have the ability to identify the damage occurrence and location. However, building a precise enough finite elemental model (FEM) for the test structure is still a huge challenge for this frequency-change-ratio based damage detection technique. In order to overcome this disadvantage and extend the application for frequencies in structural health monitoring area, a novel method was developed in this paper by combining the cross-model cross-mode (CMCM) model updating algorithm with the frequency-change-ratio based method. At first, assuming the physical parameters, including the element mass and stiffness, of the test structure had been known with a certain value, then an initial to-be-updated model with these assumed parameters was constructed according to the typical mass and stiffness distribution characteristic of shear buildings. After that, this to-be-updated model was updated using CMCM algorithm by combining with the measured frequencies of the actual structure when no damage was introduced. Thus, this updated model was regarded as a representation of the FEM model of actual structure, because their modal information were almost the same. Finally, based on this updated model, the frequency-change-ratio based method can be further proceed to realize the damage detection and localization. In order to verify the effectiveness of the developed method, a four-level shear building was numerically simulated and two actual shear structures, including a three-level shear model and an eight-story frame, were experimentally test in laboratory, and all the test results demonstrate that the developed method can identify the structural damage occurrence and location effectively, even only very limited modal frequencies of the test structure were provided.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.173-180
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• 2002

This paper presents a signal processing procedure to detect damage locations of frame structures by using continuous wavelet transform. Morlet wavelet is used as a mother wavelet in wavelet transform. Wavelet transform has the characteristics that allows the use of long time intervals at more precise low-frequency information, and shorter regions at high-frequency information. By this wavelet transform characteristics, Morlet wavelet may be used to identify the locations of damages in the structures. The numerical case studies show that this method can be applied to detect the damage location under a controlled sweeping load.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.486-491
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• 1996

The purpose of present study is to propose a improved damage detection and assessment algorithm that has its basis on the method of system identification. This method allows the use of composite data which is constitute of static displacements and eigenmodes. In the dynamic test, thecurvature and slope of mode shape are introduced to formulate the error responses. The effectiveness of the proposed staristical system identification method is investigated through simulated and experimental studies. Real test data obtained from measurements are used to identify the actual location of damage and to revise the design variables in a concrete structure.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.725-744
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• 2015

In this paper, a new damage indicator based on mode shape data is introduced to identify damage in beam structures. In order to construct the indicator proposed, the mode shape, mode shape slope and mode shape curvature of a beam before and after damage are utilized. Mode shape data of the beam are first obtained here using a finite element modeling and then the slope and curvature of mode shape are evaluated via the central finite difference method. In order to assess the robustness of the proposed indicator, two test examples including a simply supported beam and a two-span beam are considered. Numerical results demonstrate that using the proposed indicator, the location of single and multiple damage cases having different characteristics can be accurately determined. Moreover, the indicator shows a better performance when compared with a well-known indicator found in the literature.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.489-500
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• 2009

The aim of this paper is to compare wavelet, kurtosis and pseudofractal based techniques for structural health monitoring in the presence of measurement noise. A detailed comparison and assessment of these techniques have been carried out in this paper through numerical experiments for the calibration of damage extent of a simply supported beam with an open crack serving as an illustrative example. The numerical experiments are deemed critical due to limited amount of experimental data available in the field of singularity based detection of damage. A continuous detectibility map has been proposed for comparing various techniques qualitatively. Efficiency surfaces have been constructed for wavelet, kurtosis and pseudofractal based calibration of damage extent as a function of damage location and measurement noise level. Levels of noise have been identified for each technique where a sudden drop of calibration efficiency is observed marking the onset of damage masking regime by measurement noise.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.679-694
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• 2013

In this paper the application of the Interpolation Damage Detection Method to the numerical model of a suspension bridge instrumented with a network of Micro-Electro-Mechanical System sensors is presented. The method, which, in its present formulation, belongs to Level II damage identification method, can identify the presence and the location of damage from responses recorded on the structure before and after a seismic damaging event. The application of the method does not require knowledge of the modal properties of the structure nor a numerical model of it. Emphasis is placed herein on the influence of recorded signals noise on the reliability of the results given by the Interpolation Damage Detection Method. The response of a suspension bridge to seismic excitation is computed from a numerical model and artificially corrupted with random noise characteristic of two families of Micro-Electro-Mechanical System accelerometers. The reliability of the results is checked for different damage scenarios.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.217-240
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• 2013

In this paper, practical methods to utilize PZT's dual piezoelectric effects (i.e., dynamic strain and electro-mechanical (E/M) impedance responses) for damage detection in beam-type structures are presented. In order to achieve the objective, the following approaches are implemented. Firstly, PZT material's dual piezoelectric characteristics on dynamic strain and E/M impedance are investigated. Secondly, global vibration-based and local impedance-based methods to detect the occurrence and the location of damage are presented. Finally, the vibration-based and impedance-based damage detection methods using the dual piezoelectric responses are evaluated from experiments on a lab-scaled beam for several damage scenarios. Damage detection results from using PZT sensor are compared with those obtained from using accelerometer and electric strain gauge.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-60
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• 2019

This paper is devoted to proposing a new approach for damage detection of structures. In this technique, the biconjugate gradient method (BCG) is employed. To remedy the noise effects, a new preconditioning algorithm is applied. The proposed preconditioner matrix significantly reduces the condition number of the system. Moreover, based on the characteristics of the damage vector, a new direct search algorithm is employed to increase the efficiency of the suggested damage detection scheme by reducing the number of unknowns. To corroborate the high efficiency and capability of the presented strategy, it is applied for estimating the severity and location of damage in the well-known 31-member and 52-member trusses. For damage detection of these trusses, the time history responses are measured by a limited number of sensors. The results of numerical examples reveal high accuracy and robustness of the proposed method.