• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2021

이 논문에서는 철근 부식을 촉진시킨 휨 부재의 4점 재하 재하실험을 통하여 철근 지름 및 부식률의 변화에 따른 처짐과 곡률 및 균열모멘트의 변화를 측정하는 실험을 수행하였다. 부식률은 중량비로 0%, 2%, 5% 및 10%로 변화하였으며, 철근의 지름은 각각 10mm, 13mm 및 19mm로 하였다. 실험 결과에 따르면 처짐에 대한 철근 지름의 영향은 크지 않았으며, 철근의 부식률이 2%를 초과하는 경우 부식되지 않은 철근을 가진 부재에 비하여 처짐이 증가하고 균열모멘트가 감소하는 경향을 확인하였다. 이는 부식된 철근에 대한 직접인발 시험과 동일한 경향을 보이는 것이며, 철근의 부식률이 크지 않은 경우 휨거동에 대한 부식의 영향이 크지 않음을 의미한다. 또한, 철근이 부식된 철근콘크리트 부재의 처짐량을 산정하기 위하여 부식률에 따른 균열모멘트의 변화를 반영하는 처짐 보정계수를 도출하고 실험결과를 통하여 그 적용성을 확인하였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2019

The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Hataedock treatment using Coptidis Rhizome and Glycyrrhiza Uralensis (CG) mixed extract in allergic rhinitis induced NC/Nga mice. We divided NC/Nga mice into 3 groups as follows; allergic rhinitis-induced group after CG Hataedock treatment (CGT, n=10), no treatment group (Ctrl), allergic rhinitis elicited group (ARE). To induce allergic rhinitis, NC/Nga mice of 3 weeks age were sensitized on 7, 8 and 9week by Ovalbumin (OVA) antigen in intranasal space. Hataedock using CG extract was administered on week 3 in allergic rhinitis-induced group (CGT) after Hataedock treatment. To identify distribution of Interlukin (IL)-4, Cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), high-affinity IgE receptor ($Fc{\varepsilon}RI$), substance P, Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), Nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) p65, Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2), we used histological examination. CGT significantly inhibited IL-4 and CD40 response compared with ARE. The reduction of Th2 cytokine expression decreased inflammatory mediators such as $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$, substance P, MMP-9, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, iNOS and COX-2. Such immunological improvement induced reduction of respiratory epithelial damage and mucin secretion in goblet cell. These results indicate that Hataedock treatment suppresses allergic rhinitis through modulating of Th2 responses and diminishing various inflammatory mediators in nasal mucosal tissue. It might have potential applications for prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.151-163
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 초속경 복합매트를 이용하여 비탈면 보강 시 비탈면 안정해석에 대한 내용을 다루었다. 최근 지구온난화에 따른 기상이변으로 태풍, 집중호우 등에 의해 철도 성토 노반 비탈면 유실로 열차 운행이 제한되고 있다. 또한 복구 비용보다 피해액이 증가하고 있으며 유실로 인한 작업환경 저하로 작업자들의 안전이 우려되고 있다. 이를 위해 기존에 다양한 비탈면 보호공법이 개발되었지만 철도 현장 특성상 중장비의 투입이 곤란하여 적용이 곤란한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 시공기면 확보가 용이하여 시공성 및 작업 안정성을 증대시키며 집중호우 시 재유실 방지 및 식생생장을 원천적으로 차단하여 유지보수 비용을 절감할 수 있는 초속경 복합매트를 적용한 비탈면 안정해석을 실시하였다. 해석 결과 초속경 복합매트의 적용시 안전율 증가가 확인되었지만 초속경 복합매트의 두께에 따른 안전율 증가는 미미한 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.990-998
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• 2021

Melanin is a natural skin pigment produced by specialized cells called melanocytes via a multistage biochemical pathway known as melanogenesis, involving the oxidation and polymerization of tyrosine. Melanogenesis is initiated upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, causing the skin to darken, which protects skin cells from UVB radiation damage. However, the abnormal accumulation of melanin may lead to the development of certain skin diseases, including skin cancer. In this study, the antioxidant and antimelanogenic activities of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of twenty strains were evaluated. Based on the results of 60% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity, 21% 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging capacity, and a 50% ascorbic acid equivalent ferric reducing antioxidant power value, Limosilactobacillus fermentum JNU532 was selected as the strain with the highest antioxidant potential. No cytotoxicity was observed in cells treated with the CFS of L. fermentum JNU532. Tyrosinase activity was reduced by 16.7% in CFS-treated B16F10 cells (but not in the cell-free system), with >23.2% reduction in melanin content upon treatment with the L. fermentum JNU532-derived CFS. The inhibitory effect of the L. fermentum JNU532-derived CFS on B16F10 cell melanogenesis pathways was investigated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The inhibitory effects of the L. fermentum JNU532-derived CFS were mediated by inhibiting the transcription of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF and the protein expression of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF. Therefore, L. fermentum JNU532 may be considered a potentially useful, natural depigmentation agent.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.652-664
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• 2022

The Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon (KWNP) refers to an intracranial lesion causing massive side-to-side mass effect which leads to compression of the contralateral cerebral peduncle against the free edge of the cerebellar tentorium. Diagnosis is based on "paradoxical" motor deficit ipsilateral to the lesion associated with radiologic evidence of damage to the contralateral cerebral peduncle. To date, there is scarce evidence regarding KWNP associated neuroimaging patterns and motor function prognostic factors. A systematic review was conducted on Medline database from inception to July 2021 looking for English-language articles concerning KWNP, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The research yielded 45 articles for a total of 51 patients. The mean age was 40.7 years-old and the male/female sex ratio was 2/1. 63% of the patients (32/51) suffered from head trauma with a majority of acute subdural hematomas (57%, 29/51). 57% (29/51) of the patients were in the coma upon admission and 47% (24/51) presented pupil anomalies. KWNP presented the neuroimaging features of compression ischemic stroke located in the contralateral cerebral peduncle, with edema in the surrounding structures and sometimes compression stroke of the cerebral arteries passing nearby. 45% of the patients (23/51) presented a good motor functional outcome; nevertheless, no predisposing factor was identified. A Glasgow coma scale (GCS) of more than 3 showed a trend (p=0.1065) toward a better motor functional outcome. The KWNP is a regional compression syndrome oftentimes caused by sudden and massive uncal herniation and leading to contralateral cerebral peduncle ischemia. Even though patients suffering from KWNP usually present a good overall recovery, patients with a GCS of 3 may present a worse motor functional outcome. In order to better understand this syndrome, future studies will have to focus on more personalized criteria such as individual variation of tentorial notch width.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.420-429
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• 2023

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness in elderly individuals. However, the currently used intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor are invasive, and repetitive injections are also accompanied by a risk of intraocular infection. The pathogenic mechanism of AMD is still not completely understood, but a multifactorial mechanism that combines genetic predisposition and environmental factors, including cellular senescence, has been suggested. Cellular senescence refers to the accumulation of cells that stop dividing due to the presence of free radicals and DNA damage. Characteristics of senescent cells include nuclear hypertrophy, increased levels of cell cycle inhibitors such as p16 and p21, and resistance to apoptosis. Senolytic drugs remove senescent cells by targeting the main characteristics of these cells. One of the senolytic drugs, ABT-263, which inhibits the antiapoptotic functions of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, may be a new treatment for AMD patients because it targets senescent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. We proved that it selectively kills doxorubicin (Dox)-induced senescent ARPE-19 cells by activating apoptosis. By removing senescent cells, the expression of inflammatory cytokines was reduced, and the proliferation of the remaining cells was increased. When ABT-263 was orally administered to the mouse model of senescent RPE cells induced by Dox, we confirmed that senescent RPE cells were selectively removed and retinal degeneration was alleviated. Therefore, we suggest that ABT-263, which removes senescent RPE cells through its senolytic effect, has the potential to be the first orally administered senolytic drug for the treatment of AMD.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 모발 내부의 다공성 구조를 광학 현미경을 이용하여 모발의 손상 없이 관찰하였으며, 해당 결과를 이용하여 모발 내부 다공성을 정량적으로 표현하고자 하였다. 모발 내부 밀도 저하가 모발의 굽힘 및 인장 특성에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험을 진행하였으며, 모발 내부의 밀도 저하를 발생시키는 원인에 대하여 알아보고자 내인적 요인과 외인적 요인에 대한 실험을 실시하였다. 내인적 요인으로는 노화의 대표 증상의 하나인 흰머리의 다공성을 평가 정상 모발과 비교하였다. 외인적 요인으로는 일상생활에서 대표적으로 모발의 손상을 유발할 수 있는 요인인 계면활성제와 열에 의하여 모발 내부 밀도가 감소 하는 것을 관찰하였다. 또한, 아미노산과 모발 지질 소질을 방지할 수 있는 소재를 이용하여 모발 내부 밀도를 증가시키고 윤기를 증가시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1120-1129
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to determine the protective efficacy of Buddha's Temple (BT) extract against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative stress in Gallus gallus chicken embryo fibroblast cell line (DF-1) and its effects on the cell lipid metabolism. Methods: In this experimental study, Gallus gallus DF-1 fibroblast cells were pretreated with BT 10^-7 for 24 hours, followed by their six-hour exposure to t-BHP (100 μM). Water-soluble tetrazolium salt-8 (WST-8) assays were performed, and the growth curve was computed. The intracellular gene expression changes caused by BT extract were confirmed through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Flow cytometry, oil red O staining experiment, and thin-layer chromatography were performed for the detection of intracellular metabolic mechanism changes. Results: The WST-8 assay results showed that the BT pretreatment of Gallus gallus DF-1 fibroblast cell increased their cell survival rate by 1.08%±0.04%, decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level by 0.93%±0.12% even after exposure to oxidants, and stabilized mitochondrial activity by 1.37%±0.36%. In addition, qPCR results confirmed that the gene expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), TIR domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-beta (TICAM1), and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) were regulated, which contributed to cell stabilization. Thin-layer chromatography and oil red O analyses showed a clear decrease in the contents of lipid metabolites such as triacylglycerol and free fatty acids. Conclusion: In this study, we confirmed that the examined BT extract exerted selective protective effects on Gallus gallus DF-1 fibroblast cells against cell damage caused by t-BHP, which is a strong oxidative inducer. Furthermore, we established that this extract significantly reduced the intracellular ROS accumulation due to oxidative stress, which contributes to an increase in poultry production and higher incomes.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.87-105
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• 2023

Seismic regulations have been updated from time to time to accommodate an increase in seismic hazards. Comparison of seismic fragility of the existing bridges in Indonesia from different historical periods since the era before 1990 will be the basis for seismic assessment of the bridge stock in Indonesia, most of which are located in earthquake-prone areas, especially those built many years ago with outdated regulations. In this study, seismic fragility curves were developed using incremental non-linear time history analysis and more holistically according to the actual strength of concrete and steel material in Indonesia to determine the uncertainty factor of structural capacity, βc. From the research that has been carried out, based on the current seismic load in SNI 2833:2016/Seismic Map 2017 (7% probability of exceedance in 75 years), the performance level of the bridge in the era before SNI 2833:2016 was Operational-Life Safety whereas the performance level of the bridge designed with SNI 2833:2016 was Elastic - Operational. The potential for more severe damage occurs in greater earthquake intensity. Collapse condition occurs at As = F_PGA x PGA value of bridge Era I = 0.93 g; Era II = 1.03 g; Era III = 1.22 g; Era IV = 1.54 g. Furthermore, the fragility analysis was also developed with geometric variations in the same bridge class to see the effect of these variations on the fragility, which is the basis for making bridge risk maps in Indonesia.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.634-643
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• 2023

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), one of the leading causes of death worldwide, is caused by repeated exposure to harmful matter, such as cigarette smoke. Although Lilium longiflorum Thunb (LLT) has anti-inflammatory effects, there is no report on the fermented LLT bulb extract regulating lung inflammation in COPD. Thus, we investigated the protective effect of LLT bulb extract fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus 803 in COPD mouse models induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and porcine pancreas elastase (PPE). Oral administration of the fermented product (LS803) suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators and the infiltration of immune cells involving neutrophils and macrophages, resulting in protective effects against lung damage. In addition, LS803 inhibited CSE- and LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production in airway epithelial H292 cells as well as suppressed PMA-induced formation of neutrophil extracellular traps in HL-60 cells. In particular, LS803 significantly repressed the elevated IL-6 and MIP-2 production after CSE and LPS stimulation by suppressing the activity of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NFκB) in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Therefore, our results suggest that the fermented product LS803 is effective in preventing and alleviating lung inflammation.