• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.80-88
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• 2012

Background and Objective : Atrophic scars are the most common complication of acne. Many modalities are proposed but each does not yield satisfactory clinical outcomes. Among therapeutic modalities of acne scars, subcision is a simple, safe procedure with a different and basic mechanism for correcting atrophic and depressed scars. However, there are few reports about such procedure. This study performed to evaluate the effect of subcision treatment on atrophic acne scar. Methods : Five patients with atrophic acne scars of various types(rolling, superficial and deep boxcar, pitted and icepick) were treated by superficial dermal undermining with 25~27 gauge needles. We used GASC(Global Acne Scarring Classification). Satisfaction degree was asked from the patients. Results and Conclusions : After observing patients satisfaction, comparing case photos and GASC, it can be considered that subcision treatment brings great results when performed on atrophic post acne scars.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.spc
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• pp.1135-1148
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• 2018

Previous studies on reservoir operation have been assumed that the climate in the future would be similar to that in the past. However, in the presence of climate non-stationarity, Robust Optimization (RO) which finds the feasible solutions under broader uncertainty is necessary. RO improves the existing optimization method by adding a robust term to the objective function that controls the uncertainty inherent due to input data instability. This study proposed Robust-SDP that combines Stochastic Dynamic Programming (SDP) and RO to estimate dam operation rules while coping with climate non-stationarity. The future inflow series that reflect climate non-stationarity were synthetically generated. We then evaluated the capacity of the dam operation rules obtained from the past inflow series based on six evaluation indicators and two decision support schemes. Although Robust-SDP was successful in reducing the incidence of extreme water scarcity events under climate non-stationarity, there was a trade-off between the number of extreme water scarcity events and the water scarcity ratio. Thus, it is proposed that decision-makers choose their optimal rules in reference to the evaluation results and decision support illustrations.

• Journal of Koreanology Reviews
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to discuss on Daeryuk Baekje (the Continental Baekje), as new researches are beginning to emerge on the existing theory that Baekje exits only in the Korean Peninsula. Research design, data and methodology: We intend to systematically reveal this new theory by carefully examining the early founding process of Baekje, the process of determining its capital city and the ancient documents related to it. Objective analysis and research were conducted through literature research including not only domestic research data but, also research data from overseas. Results: Baekje existed on the Continent and on the Peninsula in the early days of Baekje establishment, before the Kingdom was established, so-called Hanseong Baekje. Conclusion: Biryu and Onjo settled down near Yoseo and Jinpyeong when they first moved to the south from Goguryeo. Biryu led hundred families to Michuhol and established Baekje. Onjo established Sipje at the Wirye Castle with ten of his servants. After Biryu's death the people of Baekje pledge allegiance to Onjo. The Sipje changed its country's name to Baekje. This illustrates that the country was operated with a capital in two regions, in the Continent and the Korean Peninsula. The country was ruled under two royal castles with 22 provincial governments (Dam-ro). Each area was ruled by the royal families and the competent prince among them succeeded to the next throne. It is a unique governing system and illustrates that Baekje existed in the Continent.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.952-956
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• 2004

최근 이상기후에 의한 홍수의 강도와 빈도가 증가하고 있어 기존 댐의 안전성 확보를 위한 여수로의 방류능력을 신뢰성 있게 평가하는 것이 강조되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 실제 1종 시설물 댐을 대상으로 1차원 및 3차원 수치모형을 이용하여 합리적인 수리학적 방류능력을 검토하고, 홍수방어능력을 증대시키기 위한 대책을 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.171-171
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• 2020

Decision making strategies should consider both adaptiveness and robustness in order to deal with two main characteristics of climate change: non-stationarity and deep uncertainty. Especially, robust strategies are different from traditional optimal strategies in the sense that they are satisfactory over a wider range of uncertainty and may act as a key when confronting climate change. In this study, a new framework named Robust Stochastic Dynamic Programming (R-SDP) is proposed, which couples previously developed robust optimization (RO) into the objective function and constraint of SDP. Two main approaches of RO, feasibility robustness and solution robustness, are considered in the optimization algorithm and consequently, three models to be tested are developed: conventional-SDP (CSDP), R-SDP-Feasibility (RSDP-F), and R-SDP-Solution (RSDP-S). The developed models were used to derive optimal monthly release rules in a single reservoir, and multiple simulations of the derived monthly policy under inflow scenarios with varying mean and standard deviations are undergone. Simulation results were then evaluated with a wide range of evaluation metrics from reliability, resiliency, vulnerability to additional robustness measures. Evaluation results were finally visualized with advanced visualization tools that are used in multi-objective robust decision making (MORDM) framework. As a result, RSDP-F and RSDP-S models yielded more risk averse, or conservative, results than the CSDP model, and a trade-off relationship between traditional and robustness metrics was discovered.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1995

This study was done in order to investigate the etiology and pathology of dementia in the variety literature. Dementia in elderly persons(above the age of 60) mainly classfied Alzheimer disease and Cerebral vascular dementia. The results were as follows: 1. Dementia patients have abnormal mental function, who have no mental weakness but defects of memory, verbal disturbance, behavior disturbance and loss of intellectual function. 2. Dementia regard as 'me-beng(?病)', 'jeon-gwang(癲狂)', and 'heo-ro(虛勞)' in oriental medicine and the symptom is a silence with no response, mixing, a crying or a laugh, a stranger behavior and a amnesia; disturbances of speech, emotion, behavior. 3. Dementia caused by Alzheimer disease, Multi infarct dementia, Parkinson's disease, sequelae of acute CO poisoning, head injury and alcoholism(occidental medically) and the 'Dam(痰) and Damhwa(痰火), weakness of heart and spleen(心脾虛) caused by pent up anger of seven emotions(七情鬱結), the weakness of liver and kidney(肝腎不足)(oriental medically). 4. The causes of Alzheimer disease are various; a heredity factor, a morphological factor of brain tissues, a psychological factor and a biochemical factor (occidental medically) ; the 'Dam(痰) and Damhwa(痰火) caused by weakness of the internal organs and disturbance of the emotions(oriental medically). 5. Cerebral vascular dementia caused by loss of the certain cerebral neurons and oriental medically caused by obstruction of 'dam(痰)' or 'eo heul(瘀血)'. It is recommended that further study of many sided investigations, specially against a weakness of spiritual functions and a certain neurotoxin in the future.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.393-407
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• 2015

This study analyzed the characteristics of orographic effect using radar data for the Chungju dam basin. First, independent rainfall events were selected by applying the IETD (Interevent Time Definition) and rainfall threshold. Among those independent rainfall events, rather strong events were selected to decide the occurrence condition of orographic effect. Also, the average reflectivity was calculated for the entire period and for the period of storm center, and the change in reflectivity was analyzed by comparing the average reflectivity to that in the mountain area. Important rainfall factors were selected and applied to the logistic regression model to decide the occurrence condition of orographic effect. Summarizing the results is as follows. First, evaluation of the radar data along the passing line of a storm showed the increase of radar reflectivity in the mountain area. Second, the result of logistic regression analysis showed that the orographic effect in the Chungju Dam Basin mostly occurred when the rainfall intensity was higher than 4 mm/hr, the storm velocity was lower than 4 km/hr, and the approach angle was $90^{\circ}{\pm}5^{\circ}$.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.1001-1005
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• 2005

현재 평화의 댐 배수터널은 직경 10m 원형 x 4 련의 콘크리트 라이닝 터널로 구성되어 있다. 배수터널내의 흐름특성은 터널직경, 모양, 터널결사, 조도계수 및 입구부와 출구부의 기하학적 성질, 터널의 상류수위와 하류수위 등에 따라 개수로 혹은 관수로의 흐름특성이 나타난다. 따라서 터널내의 흐름은 각각의 경우에 따른 수리학적 해석이 달리 적용되어진다. 화천댐의 수위와 연계하여 평화의 댐 방류량을 산정하기 위해서는 상$\cdot$하류 수위에 따른 관로내의 흐름특성이 다양하게 변화하는 바 이에 따른 수리학적 검토가 필요하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 배수터널의 흐름별로 계산 방법을 도출하였으며 상$\cdot$하류의 수위와 단면형태를 고려하여 먼저 배수터널내의 흐름특성을 규명한 다음 그에 합당한 유량산정공식으로 배수터널 내에서 유하하는 흐름의 유량값을 산정할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 본 검토에서 구축된 계산절차에 의해서 평화의 댐 수위가 급격하게 변화하는 시점인 2002년 1월, 6월 그리고 2004년 8월 시점의 평화의 댐, 화천댐의 수위를 검토하여 방류량을 산정하였다. 평화의 댐에서는 방류량을 결정하기 위한 계측시설이 없기 때문에 가장 가까운 하류부의 화천댐 유입량과 비교를 수행하게 된다. 강우가 지속되면서 화천댐의 유입량이 증가를 하게 되는데 화천댐 유역의 국지적인 호우에 따른 유입량으로 판단되는 부분을 제외하고는 화천댐 유입량과 계산된 평화의 댐 방류량에서 유사한 결과를 도출하고 있었다. 이와 같은 산정법을 바탕으로 하여 강우에 따른 평화의 댐 방류량을 정확히 산정함으로서 댐유역의 비상사태 발생 또는 임남댐의 방류 등을 추정하는데 크게 기여할 수 있을것으로 판단된다.2$으로 나타났다. 밸브 개폐도가 $100\%$일 때가 밸브를 $60\%$와 $80\%$ 개폐시켰을 때보다 $0.3kg/cm^2,\;0.29kg/cm^2$ 낮게 나타나 밸브를 전체 개방 했을 때 관로내의 수압이 상수설계기준에 적합한 수압을 유지함을 알 수 있다. 상수관로 설계 기준에서는 관로내 수압을 $1.5\~4.0kg/cm^2$으로 나타내고 있는데 $6kg/cm^2$보다 과수압을 나타내는 경우가 $100\%$로 밸브를 개방하였을 때보다 $60\%,\;80\%$ 개방하였을 때가 더 빈번히 발생하고 있으므로 대상지역의 밸브 개폐는 $100\%$ 개방하는 것이 선계기준에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 밸브 개폐에 따른 수압 변화를 모의한 결과 밸브 개폐도를 적절히 유지하여 필요수량의 확보 및 누수방지대책에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.8R(mm)(r^2=0.84)$로 지수적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유거수량은 토성별로 양토를 1.0으로 기준할 때 사양토가 0.86으로 가장 작았고, 식양토 1.09, 식토 1.15로 평가되어 침투수에 비해 토성별 차이가 크게 나타났다. 이는 토성이 세립질일 수록 유거수의 저항이 작기 때문으로 생각된다. 경사에 따라서는 경사도가 증가할수록 증가하였으며 $10\% 경사일 때를 기준으로 $Ro(mm)=Ro_{10}{\times}0.797{\times}e^{-0.021s(\%)}$로 나타났다.천성 승모판 폐쇄 부전등을 초래하는 심각한 선천성 심질환이다. 그러

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.623-632
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• 2007

The objective of this study is analysis of Andong-Dam lake water quality with water quality model. Model parameters of the WASP applied to Lake Andong-Dam were estimated. The methodology is based on grouping water quality constituents and relevant parameters and successively estimating parameters by a trial-and-error procedure. Water qualify system for modeling consisted of BOD, DO, T-N, T-P. The results of water quality modelling using WASP. T-N was maximum affected by K71C(Organic nitrogen mineralization rate) parameter. T-P was maximum affected by K83C(Dissolved organic phosphorus mineralization) parameter, and It did not show a difference almost from the parameter of others and it omitted. BOD was maximum affected by Temperature parameter, it was visible of the reaction due to the KDC(Deoxygenation rate) in afterwords, and it did not show a difference from the parameter of others and it omitted. DO was maximum affect by Temperature parameter, and It did not show a difference almost from the parameter of others and it omitted. The parameter which it presumes from the this study uses a water quality modeling and Actual value and the result with which it compares, error rate the parameter presumption which is appropriate with 1% interior and exterior is investigated, It will reach and it uses and it will be able to apply to the suitable parameter in water quality modelling of the objective area which can be feeded by it becomes.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.97-109
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• 2010

This study analyzed stratification and destratification processes in the Kangjin Bay (KB), South Sea, Korea, driven by the Nam Gang Dam water discharge based on numerical modeling experiments. Model performances were evaluated in terms of skill scores for elevation, velocity, temperature and salinity, with scores mostly exceeding 90%. The models reproduced the tidal current, density-driven and wind-driven current. The stratification by fresh water input and destratification by the wind mixing was assessed in terms of the characteristic Richardson number (Ri) in that Ri increased from 0 to 7~20 during the Dam water discharge period, while vertical mixing and destratification followed by the typhoon passage showed Ri, 0 to 2.