• 대한교통학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2003

서울시 주요가로의 대부분이 외국도시에 비해 고밀도 개발가로라는 점을 고려할 때 대중교통우선가로제를 도입할 필요가 있다. 시범가로축으로 우선순위가 가장 높은 강남대로축을 선정하여 현황 분석결과 강남대로축에서 버스전용차로의 속도가 '00년 기준으로 하루 평균 11.73km/h에 불과하고 이는 일반차로의 평균인 16.74km/h에 비해서도 5km/h 이상 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 강남대로의 버스서비스 수준을 획기적으로 개선하기 위해 본 연구에서는 중앙버스전용차로제 도입, 차로수 축소, 버스노선조정, 대중교통환승요금 추가 할인, 경부고속도로 시내유출입 램프 조정, 세가로 접근관리 등의 다양한 개선 대안을 제안하였다. 사례연구 결과 중앙차로제 도입시 강남대로의 일반차로의 속도는 25.1km/h에서 26.1km/h로 개선되고 버스전용차로도 14.4km/h에서 35km/h로 개선되는 것으로 추정되었다. 또한 버스의 분담율이 6∼8% 가까이 증가하고, 특히 수도권 장거리 통행의 경우 버스분담율이 13.4% 까지 획기적으로 개선되는 것으로 추정되었다. 향후 연구과제로서 서울시 교통정책에 실질적인 적용을 위해서는 버스노선개편과 환승 요금 추가 할인 등 추가 개선안에 대하여 내용을 확정한 후 다각적이며 면밀한 분석을 수행하는 것이 필요하다. 또한 미시적인 분석을 통해 도로상에서 중앙버스전용차로가 교통 흐름에 주는 영향과 이에 따른 일반차량의 운전행태 등과 같은 미시적인 영향에 대하여 짧은 시간간격으로 그 변화를 예측할 수 있도록 하여야 할 것이다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2023

자율주행 차량의 개발은 현재 각종 기업체와 연구소에서 활발하게 이뤄지고 있다. 특정 산업뿐만 아니라 일상생활 속 상용화에 대한 기대감 역시 높아진 상태이다. 자율주행 차량을 위한 시뮬레이터는 안정성 및 비용을 고려했을 때, 알고리즘 개발 및 수행에 있어서 필수 요소이다. 이러한 필요 속에서 다양한 시뮬레이터 및 시뮬레이터용 플랫폼들이 등장하고 있지만, 현실 세계의 다양한 기상 환경 요소를 반영한 시뮬레이션에 대한 연구는 아직 미흡한 편이다. 본 논문은 기상 환경을 고려할 수 있는 자율주행 차량용 교통 시뮬레이션을 제안하였다. 설정할 수 있는 기상 환경을 크게 4가지로 분류하였고, 이를 적용할 수 있는 개선된 충돌 방지 알고리즘을 제시한다. 시뮬레이션 개발은 자율주행을 위한 개발 도구 CARLA의 Python API를 통해 이루어졌고, 기존 충돌 알고리즘과의 수행 결과를 비교하였다. 이를 통해 실생활의 다양한 기상 환경 요소를 반영할 수 있는 고도화된 자율주행 차량용 시뮬레이션 개발을 위한 개선점을 제안하고자 하였다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.405-419
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• 1997

This research has been conducted to provide the spinal cord injured patients with comprehensive necessity of and backup data for their rehabilitation in the community and make the aware of importance of overall community support to patients. The data was collected through questionnaire made to 83 patients charged to general hospital in Jeonbuk Province between 1 and 31 March 1997 to analyse the patients ability on activities of daily living through the research on general characteristics and Modified Barthel Index(MBI). As a result the outcome of the research was as follows : 1. Sexual distribution represented that 57 male (68.7%) and 26 female(31.3%) and in the age distribution majority group was 36 thirties (43.4 %) most active in social activities. 2. Analysis on occupation of patients showed majority group was in technicians, 21 people representing 25.4 % and the major cause of injury was traffic accident, 45people representing 54.2%, fall down, 17 people representing 20.5% and industrial accident, 13 people representing 15.7%, respectively. 3. In the multiple choice questionnaire on complications, the rate of appealing pain was highest and spasticity, pressure sore, contracture, depression which restrict the patients from activities of daily living ability were also appeared. 4. The theoretical points in MBI Should lie between 1 and 115 and the average point be 58 but the average point of the MBI among 83 patients was 63. 5. The MBI point by the level of injured represented statistically critical difference(P<0.001) and the MBI points tested by Duncan's Multiple Area Testing in lumbar(80.1) and in thoracic (65.8) represented critically higher than the one in cervical(42.5). 6. In the distribution of the method of Urination after spine injury, the intermittent catheterization represented highest numbar of 34(41.1 %). Testing by Duncan's Multiple Area Testing, as we found the critical difference in the analysis on MBI points(P<0.001), the point in independent self voiding patients ($90.87{\pm}29.34$) was higher than the one in other self voiding patients(P<0.05). 7. In th category of social activities after spine injury, the number of people classified in others, 41 people representing 49.5% was highest and in the MBI points of the spinal cord injured people in religious activity, hobby activity, private club, occupation was critically higher than the people classified in miscellancous(P<0.01) who are the spinal cord injured people and mostly depend on their family's assistance at home in their daily activities.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.478-490
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• 2017

Objectives: The association of air pollution levels and land-use types with changes in the prevalence of allergic diseases (allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis) was investigated for seven metropolitan cities in Korea Methods: Data on daily hospital visits and admissions (of those under 19 years old) for 2003-2012 were obtained from the National Health Insurance Cooperation. Meteorological data on daily mean temperature, humidity, and air pressure were obtained from the Korea Meteorological Administration. Daily mean or maximum concentration data for five pollutants ($PM_{10}$, $O_3$, $NO_2$, $SO_2$, and CO) as measured at air quality monitoring sites operated by the Ministry of Environment were used. We estimated excess risk and 95% confidence intervals for the increasing interquatile range (IQR) of each air pollutant using Generalized Additive Models (GAM) appropriate for time series analysis. Results: In this study, we observed a significant association between the IQR increases of air pollutants and the prevalence risk of allergic diseases (allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis) in all metropolitan cities after adjusting for temperature, humidity, and air pressure at sea level. Among the air pollutants, $NO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ were associated with the prevalence of asthma, and $O_3$ was associated with only allergic conjunctivitis in regression analysis. However, in GAM analysis considering land-use, $O_3$ and $SO_2$ were associated with allergic conjunctivitis, PM10, O3, NO2, and CO were associated with allergic rhinitis, and $PM_{10}$, $O_3$ and $NO_2$ were associated with asthma in industrial area. Conclusion: This study found a significant association between air pollution and the prevalence of allergic related diseases in industrial areas. More detailed research considering mixed traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and conducting meta-analyses combining data of the all cities is required.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.26-38
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to grasp the characteristics of composition regarding the material-centered integrated unit of environmental and natural studies, a science subject in Finland, to investigate a need for applying the material-centered integrated unit to the science curriculum of Korea. For the purpose, the study made an analysis on contents, inquiry activities, and visual materials (the most important in the elementary science curriculum and textbook composition), and it brought following results: First, as a result of analyzing the area of contents, the bicycle material-centered integrated unit comprised a large proportion of 44 pages (25.3%) of the whole 174 pages from the environmental and natural studies textbook for the third grade. The contents included such various concepts as traffic rules, safety, environmental protection and pollution, recycling and separate collection, tubes and triangular structures, wedges and screws, leverage, wheels, axles, gears, elasticity (spring), friction, and so on. Second, as a result of analyzing contents related to the thinking ability of inquiry activities, "expecting or confirming expectations" and "application" are included in every lesson, and one lesson is composed in such a way that students can study on bicycles as a practical material for their daily life and they can improve various thinking abilities. Third, as a result of analyzing the circumstances of inquiry activities, daily circumstances made up eight lessons (80.0%) and technical and social circumstances made up two lessons (20.0%) by focusing on bicycles, a material related to students' daily life. Fourth, as a result of analyzing visual materials, the percentage of pictures and photos was high at 53.4% and 45.2% respectively. As a result of analyzing the role of visual materials, the percentage of the illustrative role and explanatory-complementary role was high at 52.1% and 47.9% respectively. Lastly, as a result of analyzing from the epistemological view to interpret the relation between visual materials and students and the position of visual materials, the visual textbook materials were provided toward a way that students can decrease their feeling of epistemological separation in the three fields of ideational metafunction, interpersonal metafunction, and textual metafunction.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2006년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.401-405
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• 2006

This study evaluated 23 elderly residents living independently in 4 group homes for their behaviors of space occupancy and activities of daily living. The aim of the study was to analysis the habit of space occupancy of residents in group homes for elderly people. As the results, the habit of space occupancy of residents in group homes was analysed and categorized into four types: (1) bedroom occupancy, (2) common space occupancy, (3) 2-space occupancy and (4) several spaces occupancy. It was shown, then, that the common space occupancy in ‘ㅂ' group home, 2-space occupancy and several spaces occupancy in 'ㅇ' and 'ㄱ' group homes, and bedroom occupancy in ‘ㅅ' group home were highest, respectively, so that the type of their space occupancy varied in accordance with individual group homes. Moreover, there was a difference in the habit of their space occupancy according to the degree of achieving both ADL and IADL. This fact seems to indicate that the higher the degree of their independence in ADL and IADL, the more the number of their occupying space. Accordingly, the degree of their independence in achieving ADL and IADL should be taken into account in planning residential spaces for elderly people, including individual and commonly sharing spaces, traffic lines, layout and facilities.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2018

The number of shared offices has increased and changed within the flow of the era into various forms in recent days. Co-working spaces and related shared space businesses are growing fast, keeping pace with the trend recently. It is confirmed that the need of spaces grew 180% since 2015 to 2017. Most of the shared offices in Seoul are placed in Gangnam circle, it is verified that shared office is providing work, space, and community by visiting cases of foreign companies, domestic companies, local companies. Meanwhile, shared space can be categorized into serviced office, co-working space, virtual office, and daily office. It is to consider various target levels by leasing service or the difference of costs. It is divided into forms of dispersion, circulation, and concentration and is planned to increase the utilization of communities' traffic according to the allocation of shared office. The business is conducted network-centered. During the process of communication, members can get chances to exchange and build communities. They are making business ecosystem which they can coexist and grow together. Shared offices have a view of a solution to empty rooms and will last for a while, and it is expected that co-working system be settled as office space and giving people sense of belonging on their workspace.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.91-100
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• 1999

School is the center for life of the students, 30% of Korean population. Students spend half of their daily life at school. However, amenity of school is not so good because school grounds in Korea are covered with soil while in USA and Europe with turf. This study was conducted to provide guidelines for constructing natural turf ground at school. 1. As of 1999, number of school grounds covered with turfgrass in Korea is only 130 out of 10,345. More turfs grounds should be constructed to improve amenity of school. Dept. of Education in Japan supports schools to establish turf grounds. 2. In Korea, only Zoysia japonica is used while in Japan several turfgrasses such as Zlysiagrass, bermudagrass and tall fescue are used. 3. In Korea and Japan, turfgrass at school is planted on soil based rootzone system resulting poor quality by heaby traffic. Recently in Japan, sand based rootzone systems such as Califonia and USGA systems are used at the schools with many students. 4. School turf both in Korea and Japan was managed by students and teachers. Turf quality of schools in Korea was not so good due to the poor management.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.188-195
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the association between health condition and leaving the labor market among middle-aged and older adults in South Korea. Methods: Data was obtained from individuals aged 45 years and older participating in the 2006 and 2008 Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. We used various health measures including chronic diseases, comorbidities, traffic accident injuries, disabilit of instrumental activities of daily living, depressive symptoms, and self-rated health. The odds ratios of job loss, and retirement, versus employment were calculated using multinomial logistic regression by each health measure. Results: In our cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis, health problems related to physical disabilities had the greatest effect on leaving the worksite. A shift in health condition from good to poor in a short period was a predictor of increased risk of unemployment but a persistent pattern of health problems was not associated with unemployment. Women with health problems showed a high probability of retirement, whereas among men, health problems instantly the possibility of both job loss and retirement. Conclusions: Health problems of middle aged and older workers were crucial risk factors for retirement and involuntarily job loss. Especially functional defect and recent health problems strongly and instanty affected employment status.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.5143-5158
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• 2018

Improving the intrusion detection system (IDS) is a pressing need for cyber security world. With the growth of computer networks, there are constantly daily new attacks. Machine Learning (ML) is one of the most important fields which have great contribution to address the intrusion detection issues. One of these issues relates to the imbalance of the diverse classes of network traffic. Accuracy paradox is a result of training ML algorithm with imbalanced classes. Most of the previous efforts concern improving the overall accuracy of these models which is truly important. However, even they improved the total accuracy of the system; it fell in the accuracy paradox. The seriousness of the threat caused by the minor classes and the pitfalls of the previous efforts to address this issue is the motive for this work. In this paper, we consolidated stratified sampling, cost function and weighted Support Vector Machine (WSVM) method to address the accuracy paradox of ID problem. This model achieved good results of total accuracy and superior results in the small classes like the User-To-Remote and Remote-To-Local attacks using the improved version of the benchmark dataset KDDCup99 which is called NSL-KDD.