• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2016.05a
• /
• pp.391-392
• /
• 2016

In Japan, the children with problem behavior have been called the difficult children. However, the definitions of the difficult children in the medical, health, childcare and education are different. As a result, it is difficult to support for the needs of children. In addition, the difficult children have been influenced by the subjectivity of the teachers. IN-Child (Inclusive Needs Child) is defined by the result of this study. IN-Child means "Child in need of inclusive education by a team, including experts. It does not depend on intellectual and developmental delays due to physical, mental, home environment." We developed the IN-Child record that enables the educational diagnosis of IN-Child. IN-Child record was made to organize and analyze of the items by experts including 3 researchers and 2 teachers. As a result, it was classified into two domains of "cause" and "effect". The domain of "cause" is classified by two domains of "physical" and "mental". The domain of effect is classified by two domains of "daily living" and "learning".

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.23-41
• /
• 2012

'The Daily Records of Royal Secretariat of Chosun Dynasty' is a record created in Seung-jeong-won, a secretariat for kings of Chosun, and is a government record which holds conversations between kings and their vassals as it is. General affairs in terms of the royal family and national administration are recorded, but what is more important is the records on diseases of kings and how they were treated. This study is to look into diseases from which King Injo(1959-1649) had suffered based on the records written during the time of his reign, which was from 1623 to 1649. Also, the "curse incident" and the death of prince Sohyeon, son of King Injo, both of which had significant influence on the health of the king, were reviewed in relation to the disease records.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.147-157
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This descriptive study aimed to identify the menstrual cycle characteristics and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) prevalence in Korean young adult women using the retrospective and prospective Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP). Methods: In the first stage, participants included 151 nursing students studying in a university located in Seoul. Data were collected from April 20 to June 2, 2017, using the questionnaire on menstrual characteristics, pictorial blood assessment chart, and retrospective DRSP. In the second stage, participants included 17 students with PMS, based on the screening conducted in the first stage. Data were collected using the prospective DRSP from May 29 to 2 September 2, 2017. Results: Of the study sample, 104 participants (68.9%) had regular periods. Those with regular periods had 11.97 periods annually with a menstrual cycle of 29.38 days and a period duration of 5.72 days. Fifty-five participants (37.4%) showed menorrhagia. Sixty-four participants (42.4%) were found to have PMS based on their retrospective DRSP. When the ratio of women (52.9%) with PMS shown in the prospective DRSP was used as a positive predictive value, the estimated PMS prevalence was 22.4%. Conclusion: This study provides clinically significant PMS prevalence among Korean young adult women, positive predictive value of the retrospective DRSP, and valid data to basically understand the menstrual cycle characteristics experienced by these women.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
• /
• 2003.06a
• /
• pp.183-186
• /
• 2003

To evaluate the effect of air pollution on respiratory health in children, we conducted a longitudinal study in which children were asked to record their daily levels of peak expiratory flow rate using potable peak flow meter (mini-Wright) far 4 weeks. The relationship between daily PEFR and ambient air particle levels was analyzed using a mixed linear regression models including gender, age in you, weight, the presence of respiratory symptoms, and relative humidity as an extraneous variable. The daily mean concentrations of PM$\_$10/ and PM$\_$2.5/ over the study period were 64.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ and 46. l$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥, respectively. The range of daily measured PEFR in this study was 170-481 l/min. Daily mean PEFR was regressed with the 24-hour. average PM$\_$10/ (or PM$\_$2.5/) levels, weather information such as air temperature and relative humidity, and individual characteristics including sex, weight, and respiratory symptoms. The analysis showed that the increase of air particle concentrations was negatively associated with the variability in PEFR. We estimated that the IQR increment of PM$\_$10/ or PM$\_$2.5/ were associated with 1.5 l/min (95% Confidence intervals -3.1, 0.1) and 0.8 l/min (95% Cl -1.8, 0.1) decline in PEFR. Even though this study shows negative findings on the relationship between respiratory function and air particles, it is worth noting that the findings must be interpreted cautiously because exposure measurement based on monitoring of ambient air likely results in misclassification of true exposure levels and this is the first Korean study that PM$\_$2.5/ measurement is applied as an index of air particle quality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
• /
• 2004.06a
• /
• pp.193-196
• /
• 2004

To evaluate the acute effects of fine particles on pulmonary function, a longitudinal study was conducted. This study was carried out for the schoolchildren (3rd and 6th grades) living in Beijing, China. Children were asked to record their daily levels of peak expiratory flow rate using portable peak flow meter (mini-Wright) for 40 days. The relationship between daily PEFR and fine particle levels was analyzed using a mixed linear regression models including gender, height, the presence of respiratory symptoms, and daily average temperature and relative humidity as extraneous variables. The total number of students participating in this longitudinal study was 87. Daily measured PEFR was in the range of $253{\sim}501L/min$. On the daily basis, a PEFR measured in the morning was shown to be lower than that measured in the evening (or afternoon). The daily mean concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ over the study period were $180.2\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and $103.2\;{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. The IQR (inter-quartile range) of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ were $91.8\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and $58.0\;{\mu}g/m^3$. Daily mean PEFR was regressed with the 24-hour average $PM_{10}$ (or $PM_{2.5}$) levels, weather information such as air temperature and relative humidity, and individual characteristics including gender, height, and respiratory symptoms. The analysis showed that the increase of fine particle concentrations was negatively associated with the variability in PEFR. The IQR increments of $PM_{10}$ or $PM_{2.5}$ (at 1-day time lag) were also shown to be related with 1.54L/min (95% Confidence intervals -2.14, -0.94) and 1.56L/min (95% CI -2.16, -0.95) decline in PEFR.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.277-286
• /
• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between Internet use and oral health behaviors in Korean adolescents. Methods: This study used the 13th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2017) to find an association between Internet use and oral health behaviors. The total number of study subjects was 54,603. A chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the association between Internet use and oral health behaviors. Results: Internet use was significantly increased among female, higher school grade, lower school records, and lower economic status participants (p<0.001). The rate of frequency of toothbrushing more than three times daily and use of oral hygiene devices was increased among female, higher school record, and higher economic status participants significantly (p<0.001). Oral symptoms experienced were significantly increased among female, higher school grade, lower school records, and lower economic status participants (p<0.001). The rate of the toothbrushing more than three times daily and toothbrushing after lunch groups was the highest in the group with less than one hour of Internet use, but the rate of oral symptoms experienced was the highest in the group with over five hours of Internet use. The risk of toothbrushing less than twice daily was 1.61 times higher in the group with over five hours of Internet use, and the risk of not brushing after lunch was significantly higher (1.52 times) in the over five hours group. The risk of not using oral hygiene devices was the highest (1.22 times) in the less than five hours group, and the risk of oral symptoms experiences was 1.40 times higher in the more than five hours group. Conclusions: Internet use was related to oral health behaviors in adolescents. Appropriate Internet use and awareness of oral health care are needed among adolescents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.90-103
• /
• 1987

A study was conducted to measure nitrogen intake and excretion in young korean women on their normal diet and leading normal activity level. Dietary survey by food record, fecal and urinary samples were collected for 3 days in 19 healthy female college students in Korea. On one of the 3 days, duplicate of one-day diet was collected from each subjects. Mean daily intakes of energy and protein were calculated from food recorded. Duplicate diet samples and pooled fecal samples were analyzed for N content. Pooled urine samples were analyzed for total N, urea N, and creatinine content. Apparent N absorption, apparent N balance and urea N/creatinine N were calculated to evaluate protein nutritional status. The results obtained are summarized as following ; 1) Accordingly to food record, mean daily intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate and far were 1535.2 $\pm$53.78Kcal, 55.95$\pm$2.97g(total nitrogen 8.95$\pm$0.45g), 254.13$\pm$10.31g and 39.24$\pm$2.76 g, providing 14.6%, 66.2%, 19.2% of total energy respectively. 2) Nitrogen intake by chemical analysis was 7.16$\pm$0.31g/day (protein 44.75$\pm$1.94kg/day) providing 82.39$\pm$4.58% of nitrogen intake by food record. The difference of total nitrogen intake between food record and chemical analysis in diets was significant(p<0.05). 3) Mean daily fecal nitrogen excretion was 1.38$\pm$0.10g and then mean apparent digesbility of protein was 80.53$\pm$5.21%. 4) Mean daily urinary nitrogen excretion, urea N excretion and creatinine excretion were 6.03$\pm$0.30g, 4.52$\pm$0.22g, and 0.88$\pm$0.04g respectively. Urinary urea nitrogen was 75.2$\pm$1.38% of total urinary nitrogen excretion and urinary nitrogen was 85.4$\pm$3.56% of total nitrogen intake by chemical analysis. 5) Mean urea N/creatinine N ration was 14.01$\pm$0.77. 6) Mean nitrogen balance was -0.244$\pm$0.33g/day. From the above results, it is concluded that the subjects in this study seem to be in marginal protein nutritional status and therefore should increase dietary protein intake.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.336-346
• /
• 1994

balance and to estimate daily energy requirement in 43 Korean female college students maintaining their usual diet and activity level. Energy intake and expenditure were measured in two separate periods about one month apart, each period lasting for 3 days. All the subjects participated in both periods. Energy intake was assessed by two methods ; weighed diet record and duplicate portion analysis of diet minus fecal and urinary excretion. Mean daily energy intake level calculated from diet records was 28.5 kcal/kgB.W(1, 476 kcal/day), and similar to the level of 27.8 kcal/kgB.W(1, 438 kcal/days) obtained from the chemical analysis of duplicate portions. Mean daily energy expenditure, calculated from activity records of each subject, was 34.6 kcal/kgB.W, or 1.39 times BMR, which corresponds to light activity level. Mean daily energy balance of subjects was -5.9 kcal/kgB.W. Mean daily requirement of energy, calculated from the activity records of the subjects, was 34.6 kcal/kgB.W, similar to the level of the Korean RDA for light activity level. The results of this study indicate that 1) the activity level of the study subjects corresponds to the sedentary level ; 2) present Korean RDA for energy for light activity is adequate for the subjects ; and 3) the subjects should increase their energy intake since they are largely in negative energy balance.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.60-72
• /
• 2000

Studies are needed to determine the standard norms for sleep/activity patterns in new born baby and there have been no established reports of discrepancy of sleep/activity patterns in new born baby among various races. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the NCASA(Nursing Child Assessment Sleep Activity Record) would be suitable to evaluate and to provide the basic resources for a Korean model of sleep/activity patterns during the new born baby, and to provide a basis for nursing intervention for mothers of new born baby. The subjects of this study were 38 normal new born baby who visited the postpartum care center and two general hospitals located in pusan from January 1 to April 28, 2000. They all agreed to participate in this study. The method of data collection was through convenient sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires including demographic data, birth hi story, and general informations concerning the infant, mother and family. The instrument of this study was the NCASA translated by the Korean parent Child Health Academic Association. The collected data were analysed by mean. standard deviation, frequency, and percentage by use of SPSS/PC. The conclusions obtained from this study are summarized as follows: 1. The mean amount of daytime sleep was 10.23 hours. The mean amount of nighttime sleep was 5.53 hours. The mean amount of total daily sleep was 15.77 hours. The mean of the longest sleep period was 4.49 hours. The mean regularity of daytime sleep was 49.69%. The mean regularity of nighttime sleep was 66.98%. The mean regularity of total daily sleep was 55.81%. The mean frequency of nighttime wakenings was 3.09 times. 2. The mean amount of daytime awake periods was 6.12 hours. The mean amount of nighttime awake periods was 2.11 hours. The mean amount of daily total awake periods was 8.23 hours. The mean of the longest awake periods was 3.76 hours. 3. The mean frequency of daytime feeding was 5.71 times. The mean frequency of nighttime feeding was 2.65 times. The mean frequency of total daily feeding was 8.36 times. The mean frequency regularity of feeding was 62.50%. 4. The mean amount of a mother's day time was 16.36 hours. The mean amount of a mother's night time was 7.64 hours. In conclusion, The new born baby slept more during the daytime compare than nighttime and more active during the daytime. On the other hand. although nighttime sleeping the length of the mother was normal, but sleep was interrupted by the infant over 3 times on average. Therefore this research study will contribute to nursing practice and nursing research by its implication through postnatal educational nursing programs at hospital and nursing intervention programs that would help individual caring of early infant mothers at home.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.463-470
• /
• 2007

This study aims to assess the impact of the hot summer weather on daily mortality in Busan. Daily total all-caused mortality in the entire population in Busan has been examined during 1991-2005. The daily deaths were standardized to account for the long-term trend in mortality and their seasonal and weekly cycles. We found the net increase (about 8.2%) of excess deaths during the extraordinary heat wave period in July of 1994. It corresponds to the excess deaths of 109.5 during the month. The abnormality of temperature extremes in July of 1994 and their impacts on human health were also investigated. Unusual heat wave appeared in the first ten days in July of 1994. The excess deaths are likely to be attributable to the record-breaking heat waves. The result suggests that unusual early heat waves would be dangerous, even for inhabitants who live in an acclimated region to the heat waves such as Busan.