• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 1999

This study was performed to discover the underlining influences of Herpes Simplex virus (HSV) and Varicella Zoster virus (VZV), to detect the changes of whole protein and mucin level and to observe protein profiles in the saliva when recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) was present. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from 23 patients who for over three years had a clinical history of RAU, in a group of 10 women and 13 men, ranging from 11 to 72 years of age, and 20 healthy subjects, in a group of 8 women and 12 men, who did not have the symptoms nor a past history of RAU. Through the means of Polymerization Chain Reaction, genomic DNA from the HSV and VZV was purified from the saliva samples for identifying precisely the two types of viruses, and the level of whole protein and sialic acids in the saliva and the ratio of sialic acid to whole protein were measured, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. 39.13% of patients showed 224 bp bands of VZV DNA, those were appeared more in patients than in control group (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference between patients and control group in HSV DNA (p>0.05). 2. The concentration of whole protein in men patients was lower than in men control group (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences between patients and control in other groups (p>0.05). 3. The concentration of sialic acids from patients was lower than control group in all groups (p<0.05). 4. The concentration of sialic acids in proportion to that of whole protein was lower in patients than in control group (p<0.05), and in the two women groups (p<0.01), but no noticeable difference was found between the two men groups (p>0.05). 5. There were no consistent differences observed in the protein profiles of patients with control group except that certain protein bands near 50 kDa was lower in patients than in control group. These results suggest that viruses such as HSV and VZV and reduction of salivary whole protein and mucin levels are related to development of RAU.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2006

알긴산을 선택적으로 분해하는 Bacillus licheniformis AL-577 균주가 생산하는 균체 외 효소를 정제하고 특성을 밝혔다. CM-Cellulose, DEAE-Sepharose 및 Gel 크로마토 그래프 등의 순서대로 정제하여 정제도가 약 98배 정도인 효소를 얻었다. 정제효소의 활성 최적 pH 및 온도는 5.0 및 $35^{\circ}C$이었고, pH 5.5이하와 pH 9.5이상의 반응조건에서는 불안정하였으며, $20^{\circ}C$이상의 온도에서는 불활성화가 쉽게 일어나는 효소였다. 얻어진 효소를 SDS-PAGE로 분자량을 측정한 결과 25,500 Da으로 추정되었다. NaCl 0.2 M 농도에서 최대의 활성을 나타내었고, 무첨가시에도 활성은 약간 나타내었다. $Cu^{2+},\;Fe^{2+},\;Mg^{2+},\;Zn^{2+}$ 등과 같은 2가 금속이 온에 의해서는 활성이 현저히 억제되었고, $K^+,\;Li^+$ 이온에 의해서 활성이 촉진됨을 알 수 있었다. 화학약품인 dithiothreitol 와 O-phenanthroline의 첨가로 인하여 약간의 활성 증가를 가져 왔으며 반면 EDTA, L-cysteine는 현저하게 감소하였다. 이 효소는 알긴산에만 특이적으로 작용함으로써 본 효소는 alginase 또는 alginate lyase인 것으로 판단되었다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.195-203
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• 2005

Cytochrome P45O 17$\alpha$-hydroxylase (CYPI 7) and cytorhrome P45O aromata.ie (CYPI 9) are key steroidogenic enzymes in androgen and estrogen synthesis. ThiL study evaluated the effects of nonylphenol (NP) on CYP17 and CYP19 expression in the ovary of Sprague-Dawley rats. All female rats were administered orally with the vehicle (control, corn oil), diethylstilbestrol (DES, 5.0 $\mu$g/kg) and NP (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day), which was startinB when they were weaned at 21 days of age for 20 days. Twenty four hours after final dose, the animals were anelthetized with ether. Significant decreases in the uterus (wet weight) were observed with 5.0 $\mu$g/kg/day DES (78$\%$, of control) and 200 mg/kg/day NP (62$\%$ of control), respectively Additionally, ovarian weight was significantly decreased with 5.0 $\mu$g/kg/day DES (63$\%$ of control) and 200 mg/kg/day NP (72$\%$ of control). The serum estradiol levels were sligHtly lower in DES and high dose NP treatment groups, but the 74 levels were not affected by DES and NP. The expression of the ovarian CYP19 gene increased with low doses (50 and 100 mg/kg/day) of NP. while DES and high dose oi NP (200 mg/kg/day) did not affect on the CYP19 mRNA levels. In contrast to the CYP19 gene, the CYP17 gene expreLsion level was significantly down-regulated by the DES and 200 mg/ks/day NP. This result suggestE that NP inhibits ovarian estrogen synthelis by supprelsing CYP17 mRNA efprelsion, And different mechanisml might exist for the expression of Lteroidogenic CYP17 and CYP19 genes in the ovary of Sprague-Dawley rats in response to NP.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.143-153
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• 2018

The large extracellular domain of glycoprotein hormone receptors is a unique feature within the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) family. After interaction with the hormone, the receptor becomes coupled to Gs, which, in turn stimulates adenylyl cyclase and the production of cAMP. Potential phosphorylation sites exist in the C-terminal region of GPCRs. The experiments described herein represent attempts to determine the functions of the eel follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (eelFSHR). We constructed a mutant of eelFSHR, in which the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail was truncated at residue 614 (eelFSHR-t614). The eelFSHR-t614 lacked all potential phosphorylation sites present in the C-terminal region of eelFSHR. In order to obtain the eelFSHR ligand, we produced recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone ($rec-eelFSH{\beta}/{\alpha}$) in the CHO-suspension cells. The expression level was 2-3 times higher than that of the transient expression of eelFSH in attached CHO-K1 cells. The molecular weight of the $rec-eelFSH{\beta}/{\alpha}$ protein was identified to be approximately 34 kDa. The cells expressing eelFSHR-t614 showed an increase in agonist-induced cAMP responsiveness. The maximal cAMP responses of cells expressing eelFSHR-t614 were lower than those of cells expressing eelFSHR-wild type (eelFSHR-WT). The $EC_{50}$ following C-terminal deletion in CHO-K1 cells was approximately 60.4% of that of eelFSHR-WT. The maximal response in eelFSHR-t614 cells was also drastically lower than that of eelFSHR-WT. We also found similar results in PathHunter Parental cells expressing ${\beta}$-arrestin. Thus, these data provide evidence that the truncation of the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail phosphorylation sites in the eelFSHR greatly decreased cAMP responsiveness and maximal response in both CHO-K1 cells and Path-Hunter Parental cells expressing ${\beta}$-arrestin.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

2016년 2월에서 9월까지 강원도 고성, 양양, 강릉에서 각각 양성 중인 명태를 샘플링하여 RT-PCR법으로 바이러스(viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, VHSV; nervous necrosis virus, NNV; marine birnavirus, MABV)의 검출을 시도하였다. 비장시료를 대상으로 한 one-step PCR에서 VHSV, NNV, MABV 모두 검출되지 않았으며, 뇌시료에서 NNV가 1.8%(1/55)의 검출률을 나타내었다. Two-step PCR에서는 VHSV가 51.6%(32/62 set), NNV가 1.6%(1/62 set)의 비장시료에서 검출되었으며 MABV는 검출되지 않았다. 뇌시료에서는 NNV가 3.6%(2/55)의 검출률을 나타내었다. 본 연구결과를 통해 양식산 명태에서 처음으로 VHSV와 NNV가 검출되었다. 그러나 거의 모든 양성개체에서 two-step PCR법으로 해당 바이러스의 유전자가 검출되었으며, 모니터링 기간 동안 바이러스 감염이 의심되는 외관증상을 보이는 개체 및 폐사 개체는 발견되지 않아 바이러스의 역가는 매우 낮을 것으로 생각된다. 차후 지속적인 모니터링 및 세포주를 사용한 바이러스의 분리, 병원성의 확인, PCR 양성개체의 캐리어 가능성 확인 등이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.641-653
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• 2013

연구는 대도시 공업 교외화의 영향을 받은 양산시를 사례로 제조업의 입지와 종사자의 거주지를 분석하였다. 연구는 통계 자료와 양산시 제조업체들을 대상으로 한 설문조사, 현지답사, 심층면담 등을 통해 이루어졌다. 분석의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 양산시로 이전한 제조업체는 1980년대에 부산에서 이전한 비중이 매우 높았다. 이전요인과 입지요인을 조사한 결과 부지요인이 가장 높았으며, 신생업체는 이전업체에 비해 하청 협력업체와의 연계요인 비중이 컸다. 둘째, 양산시 제조업에 부산시 공업 교외화의 영향력이 나타나 업종면에서 고무 플라스틱 업종이, 규모면에서는 대기업의 비중이 높았다. 셋째, 양산시 제조업체 입지는 경부고속도로 인접지역에서 국가산업단지와 공업지구를 중심으로 분포지역이 확대되었으며, 최근 공단 외 지역으로도 확산되는 양상이 나타났다. 넷째, 양산시 제조업 종사자의 거주지는 부산 비중이 44.5%를 차지하여, 부산의 기업 이전 영향이 노동시장에도 반영되었음을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.9-22
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• 2008

This work has been conducted as a part to set up the regulations and the scientific evaluation systems for the functional dairy products with health claims in Korea. Toward this end, current regulations, requirements, and all kinds of provisions related to the functional dairy products overseas were taken into accounts and feasible recommendations of new initiatives on the current regulations as well. By doing so, not only protecting hopefully the innocent consumers from the false labeling statements and fake advertisements, but also eventually to revitalize the stagnated domestic dairy industries. Currently, functional daily products are simply regarded as "Dietary Supplements" in the United States, and subjected to the regulations under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, established m 1994. Manufacturers and sales distributors should notify their products to the FDA, which is in charge of the dietary supplements on nutrition and labeling, in advance when they start marketing a new dietary ingredient or any foods containing it in the States. For EU countries, there exists keen interests about the functional food products between the member countries of the European Union even though the products are categorized into "Food Supplements" similar to those in the United States. Therefore, they maintain a cautious attitude in applying the health claims to the functional food products. On the other hand, under the Japanese health food system, functional foods are qualified to the functional health foods in terms of legal status as long as any traditional foods can meet the legal standards in its effectiveness, safety as well as quality, along with significant scientific evidences related to the products, thus categorized into "Foods for Specified Health Uses and "Foods with Nutrient Function Claims". Through this study, we may have some expectations and potential utilizations as follows: Legal regulations of dietary supplements especially for the dairy products will be implemented by the outcomes of this research and proposed a tentative amendment of functional ingredients for the sake of consumer protection from the false advertisements and overstatement labeling. Current regulations on the animal foods processing and advertisements will be amended and supplemented in order to revitalize the current downturn dairy sales and to harmonize the international Codex recommendations. The results obtained from this study will make the consumers a wise selection of the dairy products with health claims and be utilized for consumer education and advertisement of the functional products as well.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2016

Objectives : Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes and a leading cause of end-stage renal failure in the world. Mesangial cell proliferation is known as the major pathologic features such as glomerulosclerosis and renal fibrosis. Wiryeongtang (WRT) is a well-known traditional herbal formula as therapeutic agents for chronic edema and dysuresia of renal homeostasis. In the present study, we investigated whether WRT inhibits high glucose (HG)-induced renal dysfunction by TGF-β/Smads signal regulation in cultured mesangial cells.Methods : Inhibitory effect of WRT (10-50 ㎍/ml) on HG-stimulated mesangial cells proliferation and dysfunction were evaluated by [³H]-thymidine incorporation, Western blot, and RT-qPCR.Results : WRT significantly decreased HG-accelerated thymidine incorporation in human renal mesangial cell in a dose-dependent levels. WRT induced down-regulation of cyclins/CDKs and up-regulation of CDK inhibitor, p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1 expression. In addition, HG enhanced expression of dysfunction biomarker such as collagen IV and CTGF, which was markedly attenuated by WRT. WRT decreased TGF-β1 and Smad-2/Smad-4 expression, whereas increased Smad-7 expression under HG. Furthermore, WRT inhibited HG-induced inflammatory factors level such as ICAM-1 and MCP-1 as well as NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and intracellular ROS production.Conclusions : These results suggested that WRT may alleviate mesangial proliferation and inflammation possibly involved in renal fibrotic process, further diabetic nephropathy through disturbing TGF-β1/Smad signaling and NF-κB/ROS pathway. Thus, WRT might prove to be effective in the treatment of renal dysfunction leading to diabetic nephropathy.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of plasma leptin and insulin concentrations on fat traits in Hanwoo. If a biological indicator such as plasma leptin and insulin was identified, it would be a useful biological marker that can be predicted marbling score in young animal. The relationship between plasma hormone (leptin and insulin) and fat traits (marbling score, back fat thickness and P8 fat thickness) was investigated. The experiment studies 100 Hanwoo that were randomly sampled from Hanwoo Experimental Station Herd. The concentration of plasma insulin was significantly associated with marbling score (P=0.02) but was not significantly with back fat thickness (P=0.07) and P8 fat thickness (P=0.09). Statistical model determinant that plasma insulin concentration account for phenotypes was moderate on marbling score (5%), back fat thickness (3%) and P8 fat thickness (9%). On the other hand, plasma leptin concentration was significantly associated with marbling score (P=0.03) and back fat thickness (P=0.02), but was not significant on P8 fat thickness (0.07). Statistical model determinant that plasma leptin concentration accounting for phenotypes was moderate effect on marbling score (3%) and back fat thickness (2%), but it has a slightly bigger effect on P8 fat thickness (7%). In conclusion, the plasma leptin and insulin seems to have an effect on fat traits (marbling score, backfat thickness and P8 fat thickness) in Hanwoo.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2016

Effects of environmental factors on the zoospore release and germling growth of Chaetomorpha linum were examined. Zoospore release and germling growth experiments were carried out under a combination of temperatures ${\times}$ irradiances, and a single factor of irradiances, salinities, daylength and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus). Zoospore release was maximal under condition of $20^{\circ}C{\times}100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ in a factorial experiment (temperatures ${\times}$ irradiances), at $100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ in irradiance experiment and at 34 psu in salinity conditions. After 24 days in culture, germling growth was maximal at $25^{\circ}C{\times}100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ in temperatures ${\times}$ irradiances and at normal seawater (34 psu) in salinity. Germling growth is faster at higher irradiance under same temperature condition and it increased with increasing daylengths (8-16 h). Chaetomorpha linum grew in wide range of N and P concentrations. The growth of germling was maximal at $50{\mu}M\;{PO_4}^{3-}$ and $40{\mu}M\;{NH_4}^+$. Germling growth was more effective under nitrogen addition than phosphorus addition in culture. In conclusion, optimal environmental conditions for zoospore release were $20^{\circ}C$, $100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$, and 34 psu. In addition, the optimal germling growth was observed at $25^{\circ}C$, $100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$, 34 psu, 16 h, $50{\mu}M\;({PO_4}^{3-})$ and $40{\mu}M\;{(NH_4}^+)$.