• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2016

Recently, bacterial angular leaf spot disease, caused by Xanthomonas fragariae, causes severe damage in strawberry production and its' export to other countries, since the pathogen has been classified as an A2 quarantine pathogen. Typical the Angular Leaf Spot (ALS) disease represent that water-soaked angular spots symptoms, bacteria ooze exudate under relatively high humidity condition and later the spot become reddish brown on the leaf surface. The pathogen disseminated by irrigation water, infected mother plant and farmer's hand. In this study, we reported that rubbing inoculation method showed more effective in the pathogen dissemination than infiltration with needles, regardless the strawberry cultivars. Additionally, Dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) treatment in commercial strawberry fields provided reliable efficiency to reduce the bacterial angular leaf spot disease incidency and severity.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.378-386
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is a major cause of abnormal overgrowth of the prostate mainly in the elderly. Corni Fructus has been reported to be effective in the prevention and treatment of various diseases because of its strong antioxidant effect, but its efficacy against BPH is not yet known. This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Corni Fructus water extract (CF) in testosterone-induced BPH rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: To induce BPH, rats were intraperitoneal injected with testosterone propionate (TP). Rats in the treatment group were orally administered with CF with TP injection, and finasteride, which is a selective inhibitor of $5{\alpha}$-reductase type 2, was used as a positive control. RESULTS: Our results showed that the increased prostate weight and histopathological changes in BPH model rats were suppressed by CF treatment. CF, similar to the finasteride-treated group, decreased the levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone by TP treatment in the serum, and it also reduced $5{\alpha}$-reductase expression and concentration in prostate tissue and serum, respectively. In addition, CF significantly blocked the expression of the androgen receptor (AR), AR co-activators, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in BPH rats, and this blocking was associated with a decrease in prostate-specific antigen levels in serum and prostate tissue. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that CF may weaken the BPH status through the inactivation of at least $5{\alpha}$-reductase and AR activity and may be useful for the clinical treatment of BPH.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.471-476
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• 2014

Polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) blends were prepared using a high shear extruder to investigate their thermal decomposition and mechanical properties with shear rate and shear time. In this experiment, high shear rate, from 1000 to 3000 rpm, in blending process was applied for 10 to 40 sec, respectively. At high shear rate over than 2000 rpm, the initial decomposition temperature was dropped significantly compared to a compounded sample because of thermal decomposition of the blend by high shear. Consequently, high shear processing gave an important effect on the mechanical and thermal properties of the PC/ABS blend. In particular, elongation of the blend decreased significantly with shear rate.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.964-969
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• 2000

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate(DEHA) has been used extensively as a plasticizer in the manufacture of plastic products such as PVC films. Though, phthalate esters plasticizers have been known to induce endocrine system-mediated responses, few studies have been conducted for the screening of estrogenic activity of DEHA, an adipate plasticizer. This study was initiated to evaluate the estrogenic activity of DEHA by in vitro E-screen assay and in vivo uterotrophic assay. MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were treated with $DEHA(5{\times}10^{-9}{\sim}5{\times}10^{-4}\;M)$, for 144 hr, and cell proliferation was determined by sulforhodamine B(SRB) assay. DEHA dissolved in corn oil was administered subcutaneously to ovariectomized(OVX) female Sprague-Dawley rats at dosage levels of 0, 2, 20 and 200 mg/kg/day for three consecutive days. Rats were sacrificed 24 hr after final treatment and vagina and uterus(wet and blotted) weights were obtained. E-screen assayed DEHA did not generate cell proliferation at treated concentrations$(5{\times}10^{-9}{\sim}5{\times}10^{-4}\;M)$, whereas 17 ${\beta}-estradiol$(E2), the positive control, induced cell proliferation at low concentrations$(5{\times}10^{-14}{\sim}5{\times}10^{-9}\;M)$. In the uterotrophic assay, DEHA did not change vagina and uterus(wet and blotted) weights at dosage levels up to 200 mg/kg/day treatment. These results demonstrated that DEHA did not exhibit the estrogenic activity as determined by in vitro E-screen assay and in vivo uterotrophic assay.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.232-244
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to develop a management system for the safe handling of chemicals and related health management based on reporting under the Chemical Control Act (CCA). It is used to search handling information by constructing data linked to the name of companies, chemicals, products, etc. Methods: Due to the differences in submission periods for each reporting regulation of the Chemical Control Act, the data used is as follows: A statistical survey collected 26,222 companies in 2014 and 2016, Pollutant Release Transfer Registers (PRTR) collected 4,234 companies in 2015-2017, performance reports by handlers of hazardous chemical substances collected 14,658 companies in 2016-2018, and declarations for import of toxic chemicals collected 892 companies in 2016-2017. The total information on 36,080 companies is standardized based on company ID, name, business registration number, address, and more. The data were classified into information such as company, chemical, and product name and amounts handled and released, and then extracted according to criteria to establish relationships among classified information. Results: A search service was developed for handling information on chemical substances for reporting data by linking four reporting data: statistical survey, PRTR, performance report by handler of hazardous chemical substances, and declaration for import of toxic chemicals under the CCA. It was composed of five menus to search by regulation type, reporting regulation, companies and chemicals, and system management. Conclusion: It is necessary to use data linked by company, region, and chemical to respond and to prevent chemical accidents. In addition, these items can be utilized to perform handling and safety management of chemicals according to whether regulations under the CCA may be implemented.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.335-344
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• 2012

Osteoporosis is increasing in Korea as it becomes an aging society with the rapid economic growth and the development of medical technology. Osteoporosis also develops due to chemo and radiation therapy of cancer which also increases owing to Westernized diet. Osteoporosis is caused by reduced bone density, has close relationship with the change of geometry of proximal femur, which is a factor of hip fracture risk. The purpose of this study was the analysis of the correlations of osteoporosis and the change of geometry of proximal femur, which was observed according to T-score variance. The 350 male and female patients are chosen from D hospital in Busan, who were classified by age, sex and T-score values (normal, osteopenia, and osteo porosis). The results show that the age and gender have significant difference in the incidence of osteoporosis; the disease classification according to T-score value has significant difference in the geometry of the proximal femur such as Cortical ratio calcar, Cortical ratio shaft, Hip/shaft Angle, Strength index, Section modulus, CSMI, and CSA, and is highly correlated with the incidence of osteoporosis. Therefore, the findings of this research is that the change of the geometry of the proximal femur could be used as an indicator in the diagnosis of osteoporosis, could enhance the accuracy of the diagnosis in the future, and could be used as a clinical predictive factors through the analysis of the correlations of T-score variance and the geometry changes of the proximal femur.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 1998

In Korea, all domestic made test systems for detecting antibodies in HIV-1 contain the antigens from human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) subtype B. However, because HIV-1 subtype O is significantly different in amino acid sequences from all other subtypes of HIV-1, there has been a need for developing a test for detecting antibodies in subtype O. For this purpose, the entire nucleotide sequence corresponding to the extracellular domain of the transmembrane glycoprotein of HIV-1 subtype O was synthesized with consideration of Escherichia coli condon usage. Various regions of the extracellular domain were cloned into E. coli expression vectors and tested for levels of protein production. The nucleotide sequence, named ECTM, that can encode a 129 amino acid-long peptide, was found to be expressed at a high level in E. coli. The protein of approximately 17 kDa specifically reacted with sera from individuals infected with HIV-1 subtype O. The ECTM protein was purified to near homogeneity by the CM-T gel chromatography, using concentrated, denatured inclusion bodies. In Western blot analysis, the purified viral antigen reacted with sera from individuals infected with subtype O more efficiently than subtype B. The enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) system was developed using the subtype O viral protein and compared with the commercially available kit lacking the antigens from subtype O. The ELISA kit containing the subtype O antigen ECTM alone efficiently reacted with sera from individuals infected with subtype O. The subtype O antigen-containing kit produced a positive absorbence even when sera were diluted 512-fold, suggesting a high sensitivity. The commercially available kit also reacted with subtype O sera, but produced a negative result at a dilution of 8-fold. Our results suggest that the currently available kit may not be able to efficiently detect subtype O sera and that the viral protein developed in this study may be added to the current system to maximize the detection of sera from individuals infected with subtype O.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.3 s.144
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• pp.357-362
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• 2006

Bacillus thuringiensis strains were isolated from the domestic soil and a strain was selected that had a new host range and high toxicity against agriculture insect pest. The 142 samples of soil were sampled from the mountains, paddy fields and patches, in Daejon, Chungnam, Chungbuk and Jeonbuk and used for the investigation. Sixteen B. t strains were isolated from 12 samples among collected samples. There were 11 strains that showed toxical activity on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), 7 steins on Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), 5 strains on Arete coerulea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), 5 strains on Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae) among the 16 isolated B. t strains. But there were not any strains that showed activity against Hyphanria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) and Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Rhynchophoridae). And also some of B. thuringiensis strains showed insecticidal activity with 2, 3 or 4 kinds of insects. But there were also 3 strains that did not show any activities to the 6 insects which were used in the experiment. When examined with a phase-contrast microscope, the insecticidal crystal protein produced from 16 selected strains had 13 bipyramidal and 3 spherical shapes. The insecticidal bioactivity of the S. litura showed 100% mortality when there were $1.3{\times}10^{7}\;(cfu/ml)$ of CAB109 isolates.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from a Korean traditional food kimchi. Gram staining was performed by Macrogen (Macrogen, Inc.) for identification of the LAB. Five strains of LAB were identified, including DKGF9 (Lactobacillus plantarum), DKGF1 (L. paracasei ), DKGF8 (L. casei ), DK207 (L. casei ), and DK211 (L. casei ). The biological activities of the isolated strains were assessed. The results showed that heat resistance of the strains was similar to or higher than the commercial strain L. acidophilus LA-5. Indirect testing of the ability of the strains to attach to the mucin layer revealed that DKGF9, DKGF1, and DKGF8 have high binding affinities for the mucous layer. All strains showed antimicrobial activity similar to or higher than the commercial strain LA-5. In proteolysis experiments, the diameters of proteolysis zones of the five strains increased in the period of 24-72 h, with DKGF1 exhibiting the largest zone diameter. Three strains were selected based on their antioxidant activities. Among the five isolated strains, L. paracasei DKGF1 showed potential probiotic activity, and thus, it may be useful for the development of health-promoting products.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1635-1642
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Rhus succedanea extract addition on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbial growth. Methods: Two ruminally-fistulated steers consuming 600 g/kg timothy- and 400 g/kg cracked corn-based concentrate with free access to water and mineral block were used as rumen fluid donors. In vitro batch fermentation, with timothy as a substrate, was conducted for up to 72 h, with Rhus succedanea extracts added to achieve final concentrations of 0, 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 mg/L. Results: Effective dry matter (DM) degradability rate linearly decreased (p = 0.046) depending on extract dosing levels. Total gas production after 24 to 72 h incubation tended to decrease following extract addition, beginning with 50 mg/L starting dose (significance of quadratic effects: p = 0.006, p<0.001, and p = 0.008 for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively). Methane production decreased depending on dosing levels following 24 h (p<0.05) and 48 h (p<0.005) incubations and was the lowest with the 50 mg/L dose. The Rhus succedanea extracts increased the abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes (p<0.05) and Ruminococcus flavefaciens (p = 0.0597) and decreased the abundance of methanogenic archaea (p<0.05) following 24 h incubation. Conclusion: Rhus succedanea was shown to reduce methane production and increase cellulolytic bacteria without any signs of toxic effects and with a minor effect on DM degradability.