• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.235-245
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 히알루론산나트륨(sodium hyaluronate, HA)을 효소 분해하여 분자량 크기(1, 10, 50, 100, 660, 및 1500 kDa) 별로 제조한 뒤 콜라겐 합성 및 항염증 활성에 미치는 영향과 피부투과도를 조사하였다. 이들 HA는 인간피부세포인 Hs68 세포에 세포독성을 나타내지 않았다. 콜라겐 생합성능은 1500 kDa, 50, kDa HA가 각각 59, 50%로 콜라겐 생합성 촉진능이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 분자량 크기에 따른 HA의 피부투과도를 측정한 결과 660 또는 1500 kDa의 HA은 2% 미만의 미미한 투과율을 보였으나, 저분자 HA (1, 10, 또는 50 kDa)은 시간이 지남에 따라 투과율이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 마우스 대식세포인 RAW 264.7 세포에서 HA 분자량 크기에 따른 항염증 효과를 확인한 결과, 50 kDa HA가 농도 의존적으로 nitric oxide 및 tumor necrosis factor-${alpha}$ 합성을 저해하여 다른 분자량의 HA (1, 10, 및 100 kDa)에 비해 가장 큰 항염증 효능을 나타냈다. 현재까지 효소(hyaluronidase) 처리하여 제조된 다양한 크기의 분자량(1, 10, 50, 100, 660, 1500 kDa)의 HA 중 50 kDa HA가 collagen의 합성, 항염증 및 피부 흡수도에 대한 종합적인 평가를 한 사례는 없었다. 따라서 이러한 연구결과는 50 kDa의 HA가 인간피부세포에서 콜라겐 합성을 증진시키고, 피부 투과율을 높으며 피부 주름을 유발하는 염증반응을 억제함으로써 피부노화 및 주름 개선용 화장품소재로 개발될 수 있는 가능성을 보여준다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.493-501
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• 2013

Taking into account the increasingly stringent legislation on emissions from marine engines, this work aims to analyze several internal engine modifications to reduce $NO_x$ (nitrogen oxides) and other pollutants. To this end, a numerical model was employed to simulate the operation cycle and characterize the exhaust gas composition. After a preliminary validation process was carried out using experimental data from a four-stroke, medium-speed marine engine, the numerical model was employed to study the influence of several internal modifications, such as water addition from 0 to 100% water to fuel ratios, exhaust gas recirculation from 0 to 100% EGR rates, modification of the overlap timing from 60 to $120^{\circ}$, modification of the intake valve closing from 510 to $570^{\circ}$, and modification of the cooling water temperature from 70 to $90^{\circ}C$. $NO_x$ was reduced by nearly 100%. As expected, it was found that, by lowering the combustion temperature, there is a notable reduction in $NO_x$, but an increase in CO (carbon monoxide), HC (hydrocarbons) and consumption.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1992

해충의 미생물적 방제를 위하여 Bacillus thuringiensis 살충제(BT제) 개발에 관한 기초자료를 얻고자 3균주의 공시균주인 B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki, B. thuringiensis var. dendrolimus, B. thuringiensis var. aizawai와 3종의 공시충으로 누에, 흰불나방, 배추흰나비의 유충을 이용하고 B. thuringiensis 내독소단백질을 alkalidyddor 또는 공시된 3종의 곤충소화액으로 처리하여 전기영동을 비교하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 3균주의 B. thuringiensis에서 생산된 내독소단백질은 alkali 또는 곤충의 소화액 처리에 따라서 변화되는 뚜렷한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 각 균주의 내독소단백질의 분자량은 B. thuringiensis var. aizawai가 130kDa, B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki가 140kDa, 130kDa, 그리고 B. thuringiensis var. dendrolimus가 140kDa의 부분에 2band로 나타났으며, 이들 내독소단백질은 alkali 용액이나 숙주곤충의 소화액으로 처리시 활성화되어 40-65kDa의 저분자 단백질로 전환되었다. 또한 숙주곤충소화액에 따라 내독소단백질의 활성화 속도에 약간의 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.190-205
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate the repeated dose toxicity of DA-125, a new anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, in rats. Before the 13-week main study, a 4-week dose-range finding (DRF) study was carried out. The administration of DA-125 intravenously at dosage levels of 0, 0.125, 0.5, 2.0, and 8.0 mg/kg/day to rats for 4 weeks resulted in premature deaths of all animals in the 8.0 mg/kg/day group and in the deaths of 4 males and 4 females at 2.0 mg/kg/day. Body weights were markedly reduced in the 8.0 mg/kg/day group and showed dose-related decreases in all treatment groups when compared with the control group. Reductions in weight gain were slight and not significantly different at 0.125 mg/kg/day but animals receiving 0.5 mg/kg/day showed more marked decreases in gain in a clear dose-related manner Based On the results of the above DRF study, a 13-week repeated dose intravenous toxicity study in rats with DA-125 was performed at a dose level of 0, 0.012, 0.08 and 0.3 mg/kg/day. No treatment related effects were noted in behavior or body weight in all treatment groups. One male at the highest dose level died on study day 26, but the death could not be related to test article toxicity. Swelling and scabbing of the ears was present in all of the groups, including the control group. There were no treatment related changes in the hematological, biochemical or urinalysis values in all treatment groups. Thymus weights were significantly reduced ill males receiving 0.3 mg/kg/day and they were sligltly, and not significantly, reduced in females of the same group. While there were no associated histological changes. Treatment related necrosis was found in the tail vein (injection site) at 0.08 and 0.3 mg/kg/day. On the basis of these results, the no observed effect level (NOEL) was 0.012 mg/kg/day and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was estimated to be more than 0.3 mg/kg/day under the conditions tested.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2000년도 춘계총회 및 학술대회
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• pp.70-81
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• 2000

DA-5018 is a synthetic capsaicin derivative under development as a non-narcotic a analgesic ag$\varepsilon$nt. DA-50 18 showed a potent analgesic activity against acute and chronic pain m model(Tablel, 2.), but it had a narrow margin of safety. DA-5018 did not bind to opioid(${\kappa}, {\delta}, {\mu}$), NKl, CGRP receptors in vitro and its analgesic effect was not antagonized by naloxone, a and it did not develop analgesic tolerance. In addition DA-5018 had no inhibitory effects against c cyclooxygenase and 5-lipooxygenase activities. DA-5018 significantly increased the relcase of substance P from the slices of the rat spinal cord. These results suggest that DA-50 18 is not a narcotic nor aspirin-like analgesic and the release of substance P is one of analgesic mechanism of action of DA-5018. We found that DA-5018 was almost ten times more potent and was at l least IOO-times less irritable compared to capsaicin. Accordingly development of topical formula was adopted. Topical formula was desiged and screened by flux test of DA-5018 using hairless mouse skin and several formulas were selected. With these topical formulas we a assessed the analgesic efficacy and carried out the toxicity, skin irritation and pharmacokinetic studies. In streptozotocin-induced hyperalgesic rat and 50 % galactose-fed hyperalgesic rat as diabetic pain models, DA-5018 cream increased the pain thresh이ds up to 77.0% and 24.4% respectively, while Zostrix-HP(capsaicin cream) incr$\varepsilon$as cd by 65.9% and 21.0%. DA-5018 c cream showed a good analgesic effect as welI in FCA-induced arthritic rat. DA-5018 cream did not show any toxicological signs in acute and chronic toxicity test and had little skin irritation in car swclIing and scratching t$\varepsilon$st. Pharmacokinetics of DA-50 18 were studied after topical application of ${14}^C$-Iabelled or unlabelIed DA-5018 cream. Plasma and skin concentrations c except applied skin wcre below the dctection limit and after 7-day cummulative application, plasma concentrations were also below detection limit DA-50 18 may have an advantag$\varepsilon$ ov$\varepsilon$r c capsaicin and is now being developed as a topical agent for the treatment of pains. DA-50 18 cream was approved for Korean IND and is now under a Phase II clinical study for arthritic pain a after finising Phase I study. DA-50 18 was also liscensed out to Stiefel Company in America in

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.199-204
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• 2009

목 적: 아데노바이러스 early region 3 (E3) 유전자 단백은 세포독성 세포와 다양한 싸이토카인이 매개하는 세포파괴를 저해하는 기능을 한다. 본 연구는 E3 유전자의 다양성이 아데노바이러스의 분자생물학적 다양성을 설명할 수 있는지 밝히기 위하여 시행되었다. 방 법: 1990년부터 2000년까지 10년 동안 서울대학교 어린이병원에서 하기도 감염증으로 치료받은 소아로부터 분리 된 3형 아데노바이러스 14 주를 대상으로 하여 E3 유전자의 변이와 유전체형과의 연관성을 분석하였다. 결 과: 3형 아데노바이러스의 E3 유전자는 표준 주(M15952)와 비교하여 98%의 일치도를 보였으며, 국내 분리 주간의 일치도는 98.7%이었다. 아미노산 서열의 변이는 20.1 kDa, 20.6kDa, truncated 7.7 kDa, 10.3 kDa, 14.9 kDa, 그리고 15.3kDa에 나타났다. 또한, 14 주 모두에서 truncated 7.7 kDa의 시작 코돈에 missense 변이가 있었으며, 58개(10주) 혹은 94개(4주)의 염기쌍이 소실되는 변이가 동반되었다. 유전체형에 따른 E3 유전자의 변이는 대개 유전체형에 특이하게 나타나 연관성이 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 결 론: 3형 아데노바이러스 주의 면역기능 조절 유전자 E3의 다양성은 유전체형과의 연관성이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.277-287
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• 2002

Purpose and Methods: We investigated the effect of ginseng total saponin (GTS) on nicotine-induced dopamine (DA) release in the striatum and nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats using in vivo microdialysis technique. Results: Systemic pretreatment with GTS decreased striatal DA release induced by local infusion of nicotine into the striatum. However, GTS had no effect on the resting levels of extracellular DA in the striatum. GTS also blocked nicotine-induced DA release in the nucleus accumbens. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that GTS acts on the DA terminals to prevent DA release induced by nicotine. This may reflect the blocking effect of GTS on behavioral hyperactivity induced by psychostimulants.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.295-299
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sporulated Neospora caninum oocysts, which had been stored for 46 mo in a 2% sulfuric acid solution at $4^{\circ}C$, remain morphologically viable and infective to gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Six gerbils were orally inoculated with doses of 400 or 1,200 oocysts. Two mo after inoculation, the animals did not show any clinical signs, had no histological lesions, and were seronegative for N. caninum at 1:50 in an immunofluorescent antibody test. PCR using the brain from each gerbil did not reveal N. caninum specific DNA. We conclude that oocysts preserved for 46 mo are not infective, despite being morphologically intact.

• ALGAE
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2011

Fermentation and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) improve nutritional and functional properties of foods by increasing the extraction of active compounds, ingestion rates, and body absorption. In this study, we investigated whether applying the EAE process improves the extraction and isolation efficiency of a polysaccharide from fermented Ecklonia cava (FE), which inhibited NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. The results showed that the FE using the fungi Candida utilis and two different bacteria, namely Lactobacillus brevis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae increased protein and carbohydrate contents in comparison with those in non-fermented E. cava (NE). Aqueous extracts of fermented E. cava increased extraction yields and carbohydrate content, compared with the aqueous extract of NE. In addition, treating LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with aqueous extracts resulted in reduced NO production compared to that in LPS-treated cells. Ten EAEs of L. brevis-fermented E. cava (LFE) improved NO inhibitory effects in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells and the Viscozyme extract (VLFE) from the resulting extracts showed the highest NO inhibitory effect. We found that the >30 kDa fraction of VLFE led to markedly high inhibition of LPS-induced NO production as compared to that in the <30 kDa fraction. The crude polysaccharide isolated from >30 kDa fraction (VLFEP) consisted of fucose and markedly decreased NO production induced by LPS stimulation. VLFEP could be useful as an anti-inflammatory agent to suppress macrophage activation.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.555-559
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• 1999

The 38 kDa protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which was known previously as antigen 5, has been extensively used in the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. In an attempt to develop and evaluate a serodiagnostic test using the antigen, we expressed the 38 kDa protein in BCG and its seroreactivity was compared to that expressed in Escherichia coli. The coding region of the 38 kDa protein was amplified by PCR, and the gene was cloned into a Mycobacterium-E. coli shuttle expression vector pYMC-his and pQE30 expression vector and expressed in BCG and E. coli, respectively. Both recombinant 38 kDa proteins showed strong seroreactivity against pooled serum from tuberculosis patients. There was no significant difference in seroreactivity between the two recombinant antigens in sera from the far advanced tuberculosis patients. However, of 25 tuberculosis patients graded as "minimal" by chest X-ray, 5 (20.0%) were seropositive by r38 kDa expressed in E. coli, while 8 (32.0%) by that expressed in BCG. Likewise, higher seroreactivity by r38 kDa expressed in BCG was found in sera from the moderately advanced tuberculosis. This study thus indicates that the recombinant 38 kDa expressed in BCG is more effective than that expressed in E. coli in detecting antibodies to the native 38 kDa protein of M. tuberculosis in sera from minimally affected tuberculosis patients.