• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.365-368
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• 2003

The bactericidal activities of DW286, a new fluoroquinolone were investigated by comparing the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) and the time-kill curve of it against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The MBCs of DW286 for the strains tested were either equal to or two-fold higher than the MICs, as were observed for the other fluoroquinolones. And DW286 exhibited rapid killing curves against the strains. Accordingly, it could be said that DW286 has bactericidal activity comparable to other fluoroquinolones.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.304-308
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• 2012

In vitro antibacterial activity of DW286 was tested against recently collected clinical isolates of Gram-positive strains by the two fold agar dilution method. In vivo activity of DW286 was also determined against systemic infections in mice caused by Staphylococcus aureus. DW286 showed 16~64-fold more potent in vitro activities than ciprofloxacin against Gram-positive bacteria. Against systemic infection model caused by two S. aureus strains, one being methicillin-susceptible and the other methicillin-resistant, DW286 ($ED_{50}s$, 0.16 mg/kg and 4.36 mg/kg, respectively) was more potent than gemifloxacin (1.37 mg/kg, 26.58 mg/kg, respectively).

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.70.2-71
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• 2003

Quinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae is related to mutations in the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV genes. DW-286a displayed potent activity against S. pneumoniae C9211 (MIC, 0.015 ${\mu}$g/ml) compared with gemifloxacin (MIC, 0.06 ${\mu}$g/ml). This study was performed to analyze the ability of DW-286a to cause resistance development in S. pneumoniae and to establish whether DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV is primary target. DW-286a resistant mutants of S. pneumoniae C9211 were generated by stepwise selection at increasing drug concentration. (omitted)

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.219-224
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• 2008

Clinically isolated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were exposed to subinhibitory concentration of DW286, DW-224a, gemifloxacin, trovafloxacin, sparfloxacin and ciprofloxacin during 26- to 39-days period. Subculturing led to resistance development, and most of the selected mutants were above susceptible breakpoints. Selected mutants had broad cross resistance to other quinolone antibiotics and only one mutant was completely susceptible to all fluoroquinolones. Twenty five among 42 mutants revealed mutations on DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV by sequencing. Also 16 mutants had fluoroquinolones MICs that were 4-32 times lower in the presence of reserpine. In conclusion, alterations in DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV and action of efflux pumping out system are the resistance mechanisms of DW-224a.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.277-286
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• 1987

Abscisic acid (ABA) content of the seed and endocarp during stratification were analyzed and then examined in relation to the embryo growth and germination. In mature red fruitlet, the ABA content was remarkably higher in sarcocarp than those in both seed ans endocarp. During the stratification before dehiscence, ABA content was gradually decreased in both seed and endocarp. After 90 days(dehiscent percentage; 96%) it came to 90 pmol/ g DW(69% decrease) and to 41 pmol/ g DW (80% decrease) in seed and in endocarp, respectively. The ratio of free from to total ABA content showed constant decrease in seed, but remained at higher level in endocap than in seed. Correlation between the decrease of ABA content and embryo growth showed higher significance in seed than in endocarp. During the stratification after dehiscence, ABA content in seed was gradually decreased at 4$^{\circ}C$ and 15$^{\circ}C$, After 90 days it came to 28 pmol/ g DW (69% decrease) and to 46 pmol/ g DW (49% decrease) at 4$^{\circ}C$ and at 15$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The ratio of free form to total ABA content was gradually increased at 4$^{\circ}C$, but remained almost constant at 15$^{\circ}C$. Correlation between the decrease of ABA content and days to first germination showed positive singificance only at 4$^{\circ}C$, whereas the correlation between the decrease and mean germination percentage per day showed negative significance at 4$^{\circ}C$, but positive significance at 15$^{\circ}C$. The above results indicate the ABA of the seed end endocarp during the stratification before dehiscence seems to be concerned with the immature embryo growth, but that of the seed during the stratification after dehiscence seems to show little effect on the germination capability(degree of breaking physiological dormancy).

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.77.1-77.1
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• 2003

Prolongation of the QT interval may result in a potentially dangerous arrhythmia. The most commonly proposed mechanism for QT interval prolongation(LQT) by pharmaceuticals is inhibition of the rapid delayed rectifier potassium channel (I$\sub$Kr). The LQT potency of pharmaceuticals can be effectively evaluated by examining the effect on human ether-a go-go-related gene (hERG) channels expressed in CHO cells, known to be equal to I$\sub$kr/. We have transfected JERG into CHO cell lines transiently to express high levels of functional hERG channels. (omitted)

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.282-286
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• 2013

The seaweed, Gelidium amansii, was fermented to produce bioethanol. Optimal pretreatment condition was determined as 94 mM $H_2SO_4$ and 8% (w/v) seaweed slurry at $121^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. The mono sugars of 40.4 g/L with 67% of conversion from total carbohydrate of 60.6 g/L with 80 g dw/L G. amansii slurry were obtained by thermal acid hydrolysis pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification. G. amansii hydrolysate was used as the substrate for ethanol production by Kluyveromyces marxianus KCTC 7150 and Candida tropicalis KCTC 7212 using 5L fermentor. The ethanol productions by K. marxianus KCTC 7150 and C. tropicalis KCTC 7212 were 17.8 g/L with $Y_{EtOH}$ of 0.48 at 120 h and 19.3 g/L with $Y_{EtOH}$ of 0.50 at 120 h, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.186-191
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: Carotenoids which are a major source of vitamin A are contributed to have great potential role in anti-carcinogenic effects and eyesight. Carotenoids which can not synthesize in human body are required for food supply. The objectives of this study are to investigate compositions and contents of pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.) germplasms based on their pulp color. METHODS AND RESULTS: Carotenoids were extracted with 0.2% ascorbic acid in ethanol and saponified with 80% potassium hydroxide. Insoluble compounds were extracted into hexane. A total of nine carotenoids (three xanthophylls and six carotenes) were identified from pumpkin germplasms using HPLC equipped with photodiode array detector (450 nm). Especially, lutein and ${\beta}$-carotenes were major compound in germplasms. Among isomers of ${\beta}$-carotene, all-trans-${\beta}$-carotene (16-27% of total carotenoids) was predominant compositions. The mean of total carotenoid contents was showed as brown (286.1 mg/100 g dw) > dark green (217.0) > orange (153.4) > primrose (85.8) > dark yellow (80.3). On the basis of carotenoid information, PLS-DA score plots showed different patterns by cluster in pumpkin germplasms. It was considered that these differences of phenotype were relative closely to genotype. CONCLUSION: This study indicated that dark color of pumpkin pulp was presented in high-level of biological pigments. It may contribute to develop potentially beneficial functional food ingredients.