• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 1979

The immunosuppressive activity of newcastle disease virus(NDV) and some possible role of interferon(C-IF) in viral suppression of immune response were evaluated by SRBC-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH), rosette formation in spleen cells, number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood, hemagglutinin and hemolysin response to SRBC in ICR mice sensitized with SRBC. When NDV was inoculated before or after sensitization of mouse with SRBC, virus caused a marked inhibition of DTH, and its depressive effect was dependent on the time of virus inoculation in relation to SRBC sensitization or challenge. Rosette formation of spleen cells was significantly reduced by NDV infection. The degree of the depression of rosette formation was more prominent in mice inoculated before sensitization than after sensitization and could be related to the amount of serum interferon induced by the virus. Humoral response to SRBC of virus infected mouse was significantly depressed when NDV was inoculated 24 or 48 hours before sensitization. However, there was no difference in the response when the virus was inoculated 9 hour before and at the same time of sensitization or even after that. Lymphocytes in peripheral blood of mice were markedly diminished in numbers when NDV was inoculated 48 and 24 hour before sensitization with SRBC, but they were slightly augmented when the virus was inoculated 9 hour before and at the same time of sensitization. When UV-inactivated or heat-inactivated NDV was injected to the mouse at the same time of sensitization with SRBC, DTH and rosette formation of spleen cells were slightly depressed. DTH and rosette formation in mice treated with crude-IF were generally depressed as com pared with those of control mice. These studies suggest that the NDV causes a significant depression of cell-mediated immunity, whereas the humoral immune response is not inhibited markedly, and that the depression of immune response by NDV infection may be caused by interferon produced by NDV and direct viral activity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.905-911
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• 2020

The adjuvant effect of PAMAM dendrimer G4 (PAMAM) on the induction of humoral and cellular immune responses against keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) was examined. Mice were immunized subcutaneously twice at two-week intervals with KLH, with or without PAMAM dendrimer (100 ㎍/mouse), and the mice immunized with KLH+PAMAM showed significantly higher antibody titers against KLH than those immunized with KLH alone. The assay for determining the isotypes of the antibodies showed that PAMAM augmented the KLH-specific antibody titers of IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, and IgM. In addition, mice immunized twice with KLH+PAMAM followed by a subcutaneous injection of KLH (20 ㎍/site) 7 weeks after the primary immunization exhibited a higher delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction than those treated with KLH alone. In an in vitro analysis of T lymphocyte proliferation in response to KLH in week 8, the splenocytes of mice treated with KLH+PAMAM showed significantly higher proliferating activity than those treated with KLH alone, and the culture supernatants of cell cultures from mice immunized with added PAMAM dendrimer showed higher levels of KLH-specific cytokine (IL-4 and IFN-r) production. These results suggest that PAMAM dendrimer G4 possesses a potent immune-adjuvant activity for enhancing both humoral and cell-mediated immunity specific to foreign antigens.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 1989

In an attempt to investigate the effect of Hymenolepis dana infection on immunological responses to sRBC in ICR strain of mice, cellular and humoral immune responses were chronologically monitored after sensitization with sRBC. Mice weighing about 20 g were allocated into artificial and natural infection groups. The shell-free eggs of H. dana were inoculated into mice on the day 0 (initial) and day 10 in the former group, and praziquantel (25 mg/kg/day) was administered for 3 days to the one half of the mice at the 15th day after the first inoculation and to all of the mice in natural infection group. In artificial infection group, the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to sRBC was considerably decreased on the day 10 after the first inoculation, and then elevated gradually to normal. Eosinophils in the peripheral blood increased slightly. The hemagglutinin (HA) and hemolysin (HE) titers during the early stage were shown to be more or less higher than those of control. Thereafter, the titers were returned to normal, followed by a transient decrease on the day 15 post-infection. The sRBC rosette and antibody-treated rosette-forming capacities on the day 15 post.infection were temporarily lowered but became higher thereafter. The mucosal mast cells (MMC) in the small intestine were gradually increased to make a peak on the day 10 post-infection and then maintained more or less at lower level. After praziquantel treatment, the DTH and the number of eosinophils were decreased slightly and the MMC number and sRBC rosette-forming capacity were considerably decreased. The titers of HA and HE and antibody-treated rosette-forming capacity, however, were elevated in general. In natural infection group, the DTH, the number of eosinophils, and MMC which were elevated due to H. dana infection were gradually returned to normal after prasiquantel treatment. The titers of HA and HE which were decreased by parasite infection were increased to normal after the treatment. However, the capacities of sRBC rosette or antibody-treated rosette formation were maintained at low levels in spite of the treatment. These results revealed that the immune responses to sRBC were significantly activated during H. dana infection, although they were transiently decreased during the days 10~15 post-infection.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.190-200
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• 2021

The heading response of rice varieties, originated from South Korea, North Korea, and northern China, was examined under the temperature and day-length conditions of 10 low-temperature regions in North Korea. When 30-day-old broadcast tray-raised seedlings (BS) were used, only one or a few varieties reached the heading stage within the safe marginal heading date (SMHD) under the Hamhung, Pyonggang, Huichon, and Kanggye conditions. In the Yangdok and Sinpo environments, no varieties reached heading until SMHD. The South Korean varieties that reached the heading stage between SMHD and late marginal heading date (LMHD) were Jinbuol, Baegilmi, Joun, Jopum, Jinok, Jopyeong, Sanhomi, and Odae for the Hamhung, Pyonggang, Huichon, and Kanggye; Joun for Sinpo; and none for Yangdok, Kimchaek, Sonbong, and Chunggang environments. The number of days to heading (DTH) was positively correlated among all 10 regions. Reduced DTH in the 30-day-old pot tray-raised seedlings (PS), compared to BS, was not consistent with varieties and regions. Reduced DTH in PS, compared to BS, was the largest in Jinok and Sonbong9 among the South and North Korean varieties, respectively, whereas it was small in the northern Chinese varieties. The South Korean varieties that headed until SMHD in PS were Jinok for the Hamhung, Pyonggang, Yangdok, Sinpo, and Kanggye environments; and Jinbuol, Jopum, and Jinok for the Huichon condition. In the Kimchaek and Chunggang conditions, Jinok reached the heading stage within LMHD. With the use of PS for some responsive varieties such as Jinok, varietal adaptability could be improved to the conditions of low-temperature regions in North Korea. None of the PS or BS among the tested varieties reached the heading stage until LMHD for the Chongjin and Sonbong conditions.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2022

Improving flour quality is one of the major targets of wheat breeding programs. This study determined the optimum high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) to improve flour quality, and analyzed the correlation between agronomic and quality traits in Korea. A total of 180 wheat varieties, including 55 Korean and 125 foreign cultivars, carrying various Glu-1 alleles, were evaluated for their quality and agronomic traits. Results indicated that Glu-A1b, Glu-B1b, and Glu-D1f were the most prevailing alleles for each Glu-1 locus for Korean wheat cultivars. Korean wheat cultivars recorded shorter days to heading (DTH) and longer days to maturity (DTM) compared to foreign cultivars. In addition, an interaction effect was found between Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 alleles on several quality parameters. The combination of Glu-A1c and Glu-B1i showed a higher protein content, dry gluten content, and higher sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sedimentation value than other Glu-A1×Glu-B1 combinations. Cultivars carrying Glu-A1a or Glu-A1b, Glu-B1i or Glu-B1al, and Glu-D1d for each Glu-1 locus exhibited a longer mixing time and stronger mixing tolerance. The DTM positively correlated with the protein content, gluten index and SDS sedimentation value. However, a negative correlation was observed between DTH and quality traits. Owing to the above results, this study suggests that an increase in the frequency of Glu-B1i or Glu-B1al, Glu-D1d coupled with a short DTH and long DTM could significantly improve wheat quality properties.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.221-250
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• 2000

In order to investigate experimentally that the effect of aqua-acupuncture solution of Paeonia lactiflora on arthritis of mice induced by collagenII, the author performed several experimental items : that is increase, paw thickness, DTH, weight of spleen, hematological change, expression of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD19^+$, gene expression of IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF, proliferation of synovial cells and cytotoxicity. The results were obtained as follows; 1. Inhibitory effects of aqua-acupuncture solution of Paeonia lactiflora on arthritis induced by collgenII. 1) In incidence, paw edema, AI and DTH were inhibited as compared with control group. 2) The splenic weight was increased and the number of leukocytes was decreased as compared with control group. 3) The number of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$ activated cells and surface-receptor expression were increased as compared with control group. 4) In hematological change, total protein, creatinine and LDH were decreased significantiy as compared with control group. 2. FACS analysis on normal BABL/c of spenic cells treated with aqua-acupuncture solution of Paeonia lactiflora. 1) Aqua-acupuncture solution of Paeonia lactiflora activated adhesive splenic cells of mice morphologically in vitro. 2) Aqua-acupuncture solution of Paeonia dactiflora enhanced the gene expression of IL-12 and also enhanced that of interferon-${\gamma}$ remarkably. 3) Aqua-acupuncture solution of Paeonia lactiflora reduced the number of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD19^+$ activated cells and their surface-receptor expression as compared with control group. 3. Effects of aqua-acupuncture solution of Paeonia lactiflora on human synovial cells. 1) In cytotoxicity against synovial cells, aqua-acupuncture solution of Paeonia lactiflora didn't show cytotoxicity at concentration of $10-100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ but showed significantly at concentration of $200-400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ as compared with control group. 2) Aqua-acupuncture solution of Paeonia lactiflora reduced the gene expression of IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$. 3) Aqua-acupuncture solution of Paeonia lactiflora inhibited proliferation of synovial cells at concentration of 100 and $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.149-163
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• 1986

To determine contents of general constituents of Ganoderma lucidum in Korea, the dried carpophores were analyzed. The contents of water, ash, crude lipid, crude protein and crude cellulose were 14.6, 2.0, 3.3, 23.6, and 59.0%, respectively. Among reducing sugars, maltose was the most abundant. Seventeen free amino acids were detected, showing alanine the highest value. The pH of hot water extract was 4.1-4.2. The spores of Ganoderma lucidum was flat and ovoidal long. Their size was $6.3-7.1{\times}3.5-4.3{\times}2.0-2.5\;{\mu}m$ long. To examine effects of life span against sarcoma-180 cells, Fractions A, B and C, were obtained from the extract of Ganoderma lucidum. The survival rates of Fractions A, B and C were 131.7, 162.5, and 141.7 %, respectively. In addition, to examine effects of Fraction B on cell-mediated immunity, delayed type hypersensitivity (=DTH) test was conducted. It restored the suppressed DTH in the sarcoma-180 bearing group up to 66.7%.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1 s.29
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• pp.295-318
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• 1995

In order to investigate the effect of Houttuynia cordata Thunb and Sanggukeum on immune function, the author performed this experimental study. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and rosette forming cells(RFC) for cell-mediated immune response, hemagglutinin (HA) titers, hemolysin (HL) titers and plaque forming cells (PFC) for humoral immune response, immunoglogbulin (Ig G) titer, splenic natural Killer cell activity (NKCA) carbon clearance for phagocytic function of MPS(mononuclear phagocyte system) and change of weight were measured in ICR mice. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. DTH was increased with statistical significance in all of the treated group as compared with the control group. 2. RFC was increased with statistical significance in case of Houttuynia cordata Thunb but in case of sanggukeum and gamisanggukeum valuable increase of RFC was not recognized as compared with the control group. 3. HA titers were increased with statistical significance in case of Houttuynia cordata Thunb but in cases of Sanggukeum and Gamisanggukeum HA titers were not recognized as compared with the control group. 4. HL titers were increased with statistical significance in case of Houttuynia cordata Thunb but in cases of Sanggukeum and Gamisanggukeum valuable increase of HL titer was not recognized as compared with the control group. 5. PFC was increased in all of the treated group but valuable increase of PFC was not recognized as compared with the controal group. 6. Ig G titers were increased in all of the treated group but valuable increase of Ig G titer was not recognized as compared with the control group. 7. NKCA was increased with statistical significance in case of Houttuynia cordate Thunb but in case of Sanggukeum and Gamisanggukeum valuable increase of NKCA was not recognized as compared with the control group. 8. Carbon clearance was increased with statistical significance in case of Sanggukeum but in case of Houttuynia cordata Thunb and Gamisanggukeum valuable increase of carbon clearance was not recognized as compared with the control group. 9. Change of weight was increased with statistical significance in all of the treated group. Through in vivo experimental study in ICR mice, Houttuynia cordata Thunb enhances the cell-mediated immune responce, the humoral immune responce and natural killer cell activity. And Houttuynia cordata Thunb enhances immune responce as compared with that plused Sanggukeum. Sanggukeum enhances carbon clearance and enhances a little cell-mediated immune responce, the humoral immune response and natural killer cell activity. According to the above results it seems Houttuynia cordata Thunb and Sanggukeum was able to use Infection, Inflammation and Tumor.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.127-145
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• 1997

This study was aimed to investigate the anti-tumor and immune response effect of Samyongtang(S1; this medicine represents for 'ENERGIZER'), Yangjeongjejeoktang(S2; this is the 'INTERMEDIATE METHOD' of S1 and S3) and Onbeakwon(S3; this is 'ATTACK' the disease of mass) on the experimental rats induced by Sarcoma-180 and Methotrexate. And to observed the differences S1, S2, and S3 treatment groups. Tumor weight(TW) in vivo, interleukin-2(IL-2), hemagglutinin titer(H.A), hemolysin titer(HL), rossete forming cell(RFC), delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH), and natural killer cell activity(NKCA) in vivo were measured in rats. The obtained results were summarized as follows. 1. Tumor weight was decreased in all treatment groups (S2>S3>S1) as compared with control group, but the difference was not statistically significant each treatment groups. 2. Interleukin-2 was increased in all treatment groups (S1>S2>Ss) as compared with control group, but the difference was not statistically significant each treatment groups. 3. Hemagglutinin titer was increased in all treatment groups (S1>S2>S3) as compared with control group, but the difference was not statistically significant each treatment groups. 4. Hemolysin titer was increased in all treatment groups (S1>S2>S3) as compared with control group, but the difference was not statistically significant each treatment groups. 5. Rossete forming cell(RFC) was increased in all treatment groups (S1>S2>S3) as compared with control group, but the difference was not statistically significant each treatment groups. 6. Delayed type hyperseneitivity(DTH) was increased in S1, S2 treatment groups (S1>S2) as compared with control group, but it was decreased in S3 treatment group. Therefore, S1 group was statistically significant compared with S3 groups. 7. Natural killer cell activity(NKCA) was increased in all treatment groups (S2>S3>S1) as compared with control group, but the difference was not statistically significant each treatment groups. Based on the above mentioned results, it is suggested that S1, S2 and S3 will have anti-tumor substances and enhance effect of immune response. But the differences were not statistically significant in each treatment groups, except for delayed type hypersensitivity.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.87-112
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• 1989

In order to investigate experimentally the effects of Sung-yangikgibujat'ang (SIT) and Kwangyebujalijungt'ang (KBT) on Yang-insufficient syndrome (陽虛證) induced by Hydrocortisone acetate (H.A.) in experimental animals (Mice and Rat), the author experimented various activities. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), Rosette forming cells (RFC), hemagglutinin (HA) titers, Hemolysin (HL) titers, Body weight, Whole blood viscosity, Plasma Viscosity, Hematocrit, RBC, Albumin, Total protein, Triglyceride, cholesterol and Glucose were measured. The results summerized as follows; 1. In DTH and RFC all the experimental groups were increased significantly in comparison to the H.A.-treated group. 2. In HA titers SIT_treated group were increased significantly and KBT-treated group showed increasing tendancy, but showed no significance. 3. In HL titers all the experimental groups showed increasing tendancy, but showed no significance. 4. In body weight all the experimental groups showed increasing tendancy, but showed no significance. 5. In whole blood viscosity all the experimental groups were decreased significantly in comparison to the H.A.-treated group. 5. In whole blood viscosity all the experimental groups were decreased significantly in comparison to the H.A.-treated group. 6. In plasma viscosity KBT-treated group were decreased significantly and SIT-treated group showed decreasing tendancy, but showed no significance. 7. In Hematocrit SIT-treated group were decreased significantly and KBT-treated group showed decreasing tendancy, but showed no significance. 8. In RBC, albumin and cholesterol all the experimental groups were decreased significantly in comparison to the H.A.-treated group. 9. In total protein and triglyceride KBT-treated group were decreased significantly and SIT-treated group showed decreasing tendancy, but showed no significance. 10. In Glucose SIT-treated group were decreased significantly and KBT-treated group showed decreasing tendancy, but showed no significance. From above findings, it has been demonstrated that Sungyangikgibujat'ang and Kwangyebujalijungt'ang seem to produce the effectiveness on the recovery from depression of the cell-mediated immune response, blood circulation and energy metabolic rate, induced by Hydrocortisone acetate, and in the humoral immune response Sungyangikgibujat'ang have the effectiveness on the recovery, and in cellular component of blood Sungyangikgibujat'ang was more effective than Kwangyebujalijungt' ang, and in plasma of blood Kwangyebujalijungt'ang was more effective than Sungyangikgibujat'ang. Therefore it is suggested that Sungyangikgibujat'ang and Kwangyebujalijungt'ang have the effectiveness on the recovery from Yang-insufficient syndrome more or less.