• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 1984

Meadow fescue품종(品種)을 공시(供試)하여 엽면적(葉面積)의 수직적분포(垂直的分布)와 건물수량(乾物收量)과의 관계(關係)를 검토(檢討)하였다. 1. 엽면적(葉面積)의 수직적분포(垂直的分布)로서 품종(品種)을 분류(分類)한 결과(結果), 최대엽면적(最大葉面積)이 하층부(下層部)에 분포(分布)되어 상층부(上層部)로 갈수록 엽량(葉量)이 적어지는 품종(品種)(M), 중간층(中間層)에 최대엽면적(最大葉面積)이 분포(分布)되어 상(上) 하층부(下層部)로 갈수록 엽량(葉量)이 감소(減少)되는 품종(品種)(Leto First, Bundy), 최대엽면적(最大葉面積)이 중간층(中間層)에 분포(分布)되어 있으나 상층부(上層部)에 엽량(葉量)이 대부분(大部分)이 집중분포(集中分布)된 품종(品種)(Tammisto) 및 하층부(下層部)에서 최대엽면적(最大葉面積)을 나타내나 전층(全層)에 엽량(葉量)이 비교적(比較的) 균등(均等)히 분포(分布)된 품종(品種)(Trader)의 4 가지 형(型)으로 분류(分類)되었다. 2. 유효엽면적지수는 건물수량(乾物收量), 엽면적지수(葉面積指數), 경중(莖重) 및 경면적지수(莖面積指數)와 유의(有意)한 정상관(正相關)을 나타 내었다. 3. 출수경(出穗莖)이 많은 품종(品種)의 유효엽면적은 상층부(上層部)에 분포(分布)되었으나 영양경(榮養莖)이 많은 품종(品種)은 유효엽면적지수의 비율(比率)이 높았다. 4. 최대엽면적(最大葉面積)을 나타내는 층(層) 이상(以上)에 분포(分布)된 엽면적(葉面積)과 엽면적중(葉面積重)의 관계(關係)는 M과 Trader가 유의(有意)한 부(負)의 상관(相關)이 인정(認定)되었으나 그 외의 품종(品種)에서는 유의(有意)한 상관(相關)이 인정(認定)되지 않았다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.416-423
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• 1997

콩[Glycine max (L. ) Merrill] 종자내 저장양분의 전류에 대한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여, 콩 품종 '힐콩', '팔달콩', 및 '장엽콩' 의 발아와 초기 유묘발달단계 동안 유묘의 각 기관별 건물중의 변화를 고려대학교 자연자원대학 부속농장에서 5월 26일, 6월 5일, 및 6월 14일에 각각 조사하였다. 콩 세품종의 평균 생체중, 평균 건물중 및 평균 수분함량은 자엽부위를 제외한 유묘의 모든 기관에서 V2단계까지 증가하였다. 자엽의 평균 건물중은 V2단계까지 계속 감소하였으며, 발아단계시 자엽 건물중의 약80%가 감소되었다. 발아단계에서 자엽의 구조성분은 자엽 건물중의 약22.2%였다. 자엽의 대사성분은 V2단계까지 급격히 감소하였으며, 발아단계시 자엽 대사성분의 약 91%가 이용되었다. 그러나 전체 유묘의 대사성분은 V1단계 이후에 증가하였음을 보였다. 따라서 종자의 발아와 유묘발달을 위하여 종자내 저장양분의 이동 및 탄소동화작용에 의한 양분 공급자로서 자엽의 역할은 특히, V1단계까지 중요한 것으로 나타났다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.187-194
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• 1998

For mass production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), high cell density cultures of Alcaligenes eutrophus by fed-batch culture under phosphate-limitation condition has been investigated. PHA accumulation by the regulation by the regulation of initial phosphate concentration could be automatically induced, and high density cell culture above 200 g/L also could be successfully produced. The production of Poly-$\beta$-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and dry cell weight increased with increasing the initial phosphate concentration. When the initial concentrations of phosphate were in the ranges of 1.5~4.5 g-PO$_4$/L, PHB and dry cell weight obtained were 83~266 g/L and 61~216 g/L, respectively, and PHB productivity was in the ranges of 1.35~3.10 g/L.h. When a mixture of glucose and propionic acid is used as carbon sources, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-poly-3-hydroxyvalerate), P(3HB-co-3HV), could be also successfully produced under phosphate limitation condition. When the mole ratio of propionic acid to glucose in the feeding solution is 0.22, a final dry cell weight of 150 g/L and a P(3-HB-co-3HV) of 90 g/L were produced. Morphological changes and size distribution of PHB granules synthesized in A. eutrophus under phosphate-limitation condition are determined by TEM during the course of fed-batch. Mean granule diameters of PHB produced are in the range of 0.36~0.39 $\mu$m, and mean cell size was elongated from 0.54~0.59 $\mu$m$\times$ 1.3~1.5 $\mu$m to 0.83~0.89 $\mu$m $\times$2.0~2.3 $\mu$m. Phosphate concentration in media did not affect size distribution of PHB granule and cell.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제10권S_3호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2001

Surface sediments(0~5 cm) were sampled from 22 stations in Ulsan Bay, one of the most highly industrialized regions in Korea, in November 2000. The sediment samples were analyzed for their polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) content using a gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer detector(GC/MSD). The total PAH concentrations in the sediments varied from 14 to 7108 ng/g dry weight with a mean value of 1052 ng/g dry weight. The level of carcinogenic PAHs ranged from 6 to 2396 ng/g dry weight with a mean value of 433 ng/g dry weight. The highest PAH concentrations in the sediments from Ulsan Bay were found at Station U8, whereas the lowest levels were observed at Stations U2 and U 17. The PAH distribution exhibited a decreasing gradient from the inner basin to the outer bay. The predominant contributors to the aromatic ring groups of the 16 PAHs were four- and five-ring groups, such as fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzor[b]fluoranthene, benzor[k]fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene, while two- and three-ring aromatics, like naphthalene, acenapthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene and anthracene, only exhibited a low concentration. The molecular indices for phenanthrene/anthracene and fluoranthen/pyrene were used to Identify the origin of the PAH contamination in the sediments. The results indicated that the PAH contamination in Ulsan Bay was mostly Pyrolytic in origin with a Petrogenic input adjacent to Ulsan and Jangsuengpo harbor.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.34-42
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• 1994

Experiments on the variability of plant type and factors representing the productivity and quality of the cultivars were subsequently carried out in relation to different plant density. Results are summarized as below. The higher was the plant density, the greater was the plant height and mean leaf inclination(MLI). As the plant density increased, the horizontal leaf area distribution became greater in proximal to the stem in NTN 77 and Br.49 but evenly in distal part in Br.21. Meanwhile, in terms of vertical leaf area distribution, it was decreased much more in middle and lower leaves than in upper in NTN 77 and Br.49 although it steadily decreased in any part of the plant in Br.21. Br.49 was the largest but Br.21 and NTN 77 were similar with respect to both CGR and NAR. The yield was greater in larger MLI cultivars(NTN 77>Br.49>Br.21). These three characteristics became greater when the tobacco were planted more densely in the field. Dry leaf weight and dry matter weight per plant were heavier in the larger MLI and increased with lower plant density. Total nitrogen content was greater in lower plant density and larger MLI cultivar. The plant density increases filling power seems to be enhanced regardless to the plant type. There was no discernible tendency on combustibility according to the plant density or plant type.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 1996

In order to known the extend of contribution to the degradation of organic materials and nutrient recycling by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and methane-producing bacteria (MPB) in sediment, the distribution and activity of these two groups of microorganisms were studied montly in 1994 at two sites, one littoral (Sanggulri) and the other profunndal (DAM), in Lake Soyang. In the seasonal distribution of two microorganisms, SRB were 1.07 $\times$ 10$^{3}$-2.42 $\times$ 10$^{5}$ cells/g-dry weight at Sanggulri, 2.40 $\times$ 10$^{5}$ -1.29 $\times$ 10$^{6}$ at Dam and MPB were 0.52 $\times$ 10$^{3}$ cells/g-dry weight at Sangguri and 1.44 $\times$ 10$^{3}$-6.89 $\times$ 10$^{3}$ at Dam. In these results, the density of SRB in Lake Soyang is much higher than other lakes. These high values might be due to higher sulfate concentration, 0.69-4.05 mM, than normal freshwater, 0.01-1.2 mM. And a good correlation of SRB and chlorophyll a concentration implied that the important environmental factor on distribution of SRB might be the concentration of available organic matter. In a comparison of sulfate-reducing rate and methane producing rate in 1995, the activity of SRB for the degradation of organic matter was higher than MPB by factor of 359. Conclusively SRB superior to MPB in the distribution and activity are more important annearobic bacteria in Lake Soyang sediments.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제16권3_4호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1973

The distribution of plant communities along the Bukhan Riverside in Chun-seong was studied by means of the methods fo Curtis and Pattern. The communities were arranged in a single-dimensioned ordination on the basis of the importance values of the persistent species. Leading dominant species, form the 'low' level to the 'high' levels of the ordination gradient, were Phalaris arundinacea, Salix gilgiana, Artemisia feddei, Zoysia japonica, Pennisetum japonicum, and Arundinella hirta. These species from a continuum from the river to the dry grassland depending upon available soil-moisture. Standing crops in terms of dry weight and the nitrogen content of the above-ground parts of these species showed a good relationship with gradients of available soil-moisture.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.505-513
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• 2020

Grading of aggregate influences significantly almost all of the concrete performances. The purpose of this paper is to propose practicable equations that express the optimized total aggregate gradation, by weight or by number of particles in a concrete mix. The principle is based on the fractal feature of the grading of combined aggregate in a solid skeleton of concrete. Therefore, equations are derived based on the so-called fractal dimension of the grain size distribution of aggregates. Obtained model was then applied in such a way a correlation between some properties of the dry concrete mix and the fractal dimension of the aggregate gradation has been built. This demonstrates that the parameter fractal dimension is an efficacious tool to establish a unified model to study the solid phase of concrete in order to design aggregate gradation to meet certain requirements or even to predict some characteristics of the dry concrete mixture.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.267-274
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• 1993

본 연구에서는 지렁이의 분립과 토양의 혼합비율이 Orchardgrass 유식물체의 생육에 미치는 영향을 조사함으로서 생육에 적합한 혼합비율을 추정하였다. 지렁이의 분립과 토양의 혼합비율은 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80, 0:100으로 하였다. 분립 60%의 혼합구에서 지상부와 뿌리의 건물중 및 생물학적 수량이 다른 혼합구보다 많아서 Orchardgrass 유식물체의 생육에 가장 적합한 혼합비율로 추정되었다. 이때 토양조건은 pH 6.16, 유기물함량 13.84%, 전질소량 0.84%, 유효인산함량 1413.9 ppm, 양분보전능 me/100g이였다. 생물학적 수량은 지상부와 뿌리의 건물중과 개체당 경수 및 1경중과 유의한 정상관이 존재하였다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2014

Radar remote sensing is appropriate for rice monitoring because the areas where this crop is cultivated are often cloudy and rainy. Especially, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can acquire remote sensing information with a high temporal resolution in tropical and subtropical regions due to its all-weather capability. This paper analyzes the relationships between backscattering coefficients of rice measured by RADARSAT-2 SAR and growth parameters during a rice growth period. And we applied the relationships to crop monitoring of paddy rice in North Korea. As a result, plant height and Leaf Area Index (LAI) increased until Day Of Year (DOY) 234 and then decreased, while fresh weight and dry weight increased until DOY 253. Correlation coefficients revealed that Horizontal transmit and Horizontal receive polarization (HH)-polarization backscattering coefficients were correlated highly with plant height (r=0.95), fresh weight (r=0.92), vegetation water content (r=0.91), LAI (r=0.90), and dry weight (r=0.89). Based on the observed relationships between backscattering coefficients and variables of cultivation, prediction equations were developed using the HH-polarization backscattering coefficients. Concerning the evaluation for the applicability of the LAI distribution from RADARSAT-2, the LAI statistic was evaluated in comparison with LAI distribution from RapidEye image. And LAI distributions in Pyongyang were presented to show spatial variability for unaccessible areas.