• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.833-842
• /
• 2012

In this study Window interface to Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was applied to the upstream of Namgang watershed to estimate its applicability for estimating Delivery Ratio (DR) of water pollutants for Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). BASINS/HSPF which is selected in this study, is found to be appropriate for simulation of daily flow and water quality in target basins. DR was estimated utilizing discharge loads of unobserved sub-basin and delivery load of unobserved locations obtained not by actual evaluation but by simulation through validation and verification. Annual average DR of BOD, TN and TP were 0.97 ~ 1.50, 2.23 ~ 3.21, and 0.81 ~ 1.09 respectively. Net DR of dependent basins excluding influence of upstream basin was 1.50 ~ 1.70, 0.55 ~ 0.69, and 0.24 ~ 0.31, all of which are lower than those of independent basins area. Utilizing the model selected by this research, DR and Net DR of unobserved basins will be estimated, which will help determine priorities in management of basin areas.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.408-417
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII (2017~2018). Methods: DM was defined as in two ways; 1) doctor's diagnosis (Group 1, n=549), 2) one of doctor's diagnosis, medication, or hyperglycemia (Group 2, n=849). The DR prevalence was measured as the prevalence proportion (%). Risk factors for developing DR were analyzed using multiple logistic regression, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: The prevalence of DR was 25.87% in Group 1 and 20.14% in Group 2. Risk factors for DR were identified as insulin therapy (Group 1: OR=5.31, Group 2: OR=5.27), DM duration ≥10 years (Group 1: OR=2.20, Group 2: OR=3.10), and systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg (Group 1: OR=2.26, Group 2: OR=2.23) for both groups. Conclusion: Considering the DR prevalence, eye examinations education is highly recommended as part of a diabetes management programs in the community. It is also proposed to shorten the eye examination cycle for people with risk factors and establish a referral system to link between screening to treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.19
• /
• pp.8479-8482
• /
• 2014

Performance status (PS) is a key factor in the selection of treatment in head and neck cancer patients (HNC). There is a probability in the development of an unfavorable PS with HNC advancing stages. This retrospective study was done on data of patients registered during the period from January 2010 to December 2012 at a cancer registry in the North Eastern India. PS was recorded according to the WHO scale. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the probability of poor performance status with advancing stage. Out of 3,593 patients, there were 78.9% (2,836) males and 21.1% (757) females. Average PS0 was seen in 57.4% of all HNCs, less than 1% of all cases in HNCs with poor PS3-4 except in cases with thyroid, parotid and nose and PNS cancers, 0.7% stage IV (${\pm}M1$) HNC with PS4, favorable PS0-1 was seen in 84% to 100% of cases, RR=57.1 (CI=21.2-154.1) in M1 for PS4 and with advancing stages the probability of worsening of PS0 to PS4 was 3 times (P=0.021, 95% CI= 1.187-8.474). In HNC, the majority of patients presents with a favorable PS0-1 with different odds of worsening of PS with advancing stages and the presence of metastasis in stage IV is significantly associated with a poor PS.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.227-234
• /
• 2014

The responses to chilling temperature of 12 Korean cucumber varieties was compared to those of two U.S.A. (previously determined cold tolerant NC76 and 'Chipper'), and Chinese and Japanese germplasms. Seedlings of each entry were exposed to $4^{\circ}C$ (Experiment 1) and $1^{\circ}C$ (Experiments 2 and 3) at the first-true leaf stage for eight and nine hours, respectively, under 80% relative humidity (RH) and $149{\mu}moles{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ photosynthetic photon flux (PPF). The chilling response [damage rating (DR)] of each accession was based on visual ratings (1 to 5) after treatment, where 1 = no damage, 2 = slight, 3 = moderate, 4 = advanced, and 5 = severe damage. Predictably the cumulative average DR of chilling tolerant line NC76 and 'Chipper' after chilling w as 1 and 1.1, respectively. Korean 'Nacdongchungjang' was most sensitive to chilling temperatures [DR = 2.3] when compared to the other entries examined. The sensitivity to chilling of 'Nacdongchungjang' was followed by Chinese 'Dongguan' [DR = 1.7]. In contrast, 'Saeronchungjang' (DR = 1) and 'Janghyungnachap' (DR = 1) were the most chilling tolerant of the Korean accessions examined and equivalent to the response of line NC76 and 'Chipper'. Nevertheless, chloroplast type genotyping of these accessions with known chilling-linked sdCAPS genomic markers revealed genotypic differences between chilling tolerant lines (NC76 and 'Chipper') and all Korean lines examined.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.152-157
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Operating room management is the serious and complex task for hospital managers and the common approach is to develop relevant standard operational procedures. From patient and staff safety perspective, operating room management should be well-studied and hospital should identify and address any potential risks. Simultaneous usage of different imaging and less-invasive treatment technologies demands strong management control. Materials and Methods: We have formed the multidisciplinary expert panel (surgeons, anesthesiologists, radiologists, healthcare managers etc.) for hybrid theater management standard operational procedure development. On the first stage the general concept of hybrid room design and patient routing was developed. The second stage included the technical details discussion. For patient safety improvement we modified the Surgical Safety Check-list in accordance with potential MRI-related safety challenges and concerns. Results: WHO Surgical Safety Checklist is a simple and easy-to use tool which includes three blocks of question (grouped by the surgery process). We have developed two additional blocks of questions for the intraoperative magnetic resonance investigation. It is very important to have a special detailed routing with a strong control of ferromagnetic devices and anesthesiology care. Conclusion: High-energy MRI (1.5-3.0T) is characterized by potential influence on patient and staff safety in case of hybrid surgery. It is obvious to have a strong managerial control of ferromagnetic devices and anesthesiology care. Surgical Safety Checklist is the validated tool for improving patient safety. Modification and customization of this check-list potentially provides the opportunity for surgery processes improving.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.380-386
• /
• 2001

Dry matter(DM) accumulation in different plant parts of two Vigna spp., blackgram(Vigna mungo) and mungbean(Vigna radiata), was compared at different levels of salinity. Two vaarieties of each of blackgram (Barimash-1 and Barimash-2) and mungbean(Barimung-3 and Barimung-4) were grown with 50, 75 and 100mM NaCl solutions and tap water as a control till maturity. The DM accumulation in all plant parts of the two crops devreased with the increasing salinity levels. The reducation was severe in mungbean compared to blackgram. On an average mungbean produced only 3% grain yield compared to 37% in blackgram at 100mM NaCl. The salinity induced growth reduction was relatively less in Barimash-2 than that in Barimash-1. In mungbean, the relative DM production of Barimung-3 was greater than Barimung-4. The extent of biomass reducation due to salinity in different plant parts was not similar. At maturity the rank of biomass accumulation (at 100 mM NaCl) in different plant parts of blackgram was in decreasing order by seeds pod$^{-1}$ (97%), branch plant$^{-1}$ (88%), 1000-grain weight (79%), plant height(72%), pods plant$^{-1}$ (50%), leaf weight and root mass(both 49%) and stem weight (48%). In mungbean, the rank was in decreasing order by 1000-grain weight (57%), leaf weight (54%), plant height (52%), seeds pod$^{-1}$ (50%), branch plant$^{-1}$ (41%), root weight (34%), stem weight (24%) and pods plant$^{-1}$ (6%). Therefore, salinity reduced grain yield more than straw and roots of the Vignaq spp., and blackgram is relatively more salt-tolerant than mungbean.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2008

Setting parameters of Ultrasonic scanners influence the quality of ultrasonic images. In order to obtain optimized images sonographers need to understand the effects of the setting parameters on ultrasonic images. The present study considered typical four parameters including TGC (Time Gain Control), Gain, Frequency, DR (Dynamic Range). LCS (low contrast sensitivity) was chosen to quantitatively compare the quality of the images. In the present experiment LCS targets of a standard ultrasonic test phantom (539, ATS, USA) were imaged using a clinical ultrasonic scanner (SA-9000 PRIME, Medison, Korea). Altering the settings in the parameters of the ultrasonic scanner, 6 LCS target images (+15 dB, +6 dB, +3 dB, -3 dB, -6 dB, -15 dB) to each setting were obtained, and their LCS values were calculated. The results show that the mean pixel value (LCS) is the highest at the max setting in TGC, mid to max in gain and pen mode in frequency and 40-66 dB in DR. Among all images, the image being the highest in LCS was obtained at the setting of DR 40 dB. It is expected that the results will be of use in setting the parameters when ultrasonically examining masses often clinically found In either solid lesions (similar to +15, +6, +3 dB targets) or cystic lesions (similar to -15, -6, -3 dB targets).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.56 no.3
• /
• pp.328-333
• /
• 2012

A simple, convenient and practical green synthetic protocol for sodium bisulfite catalyzed multicomponent reaction of ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, malononitrile, and various aldehydes for the synthesis of 6-amino-4-phenyl-3-methyl-2,4-ihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitriles using ultrasound irradiations in solvent free condition. This method provides the advantage of operational simplicity, shorter reaction time and excellent yields making the protocol environment friendly and economically lucrative.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.4723-4726
• /
• 2015

Background: The survival of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer is low amongst head and neck cancer cases. The incidence rates of hypopharyngeal cancers in our population are amongst the highest in the world and there are limited data available on the literature on varied responses to first course of treatment with radiotherapy (RT) and concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) in our population. Materials and Methods: Clinical characteristics and initial responses to treatment in patients who had received radiotherapy and chemo-radiotherapy in a regional cancer center from January 2010 to December 2013 were evaluated. The data were obtained from the hospital cancer registry, and analysis was carried using descriptive statistics. Pearson's chi-square was used to test for differences in the variables and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 554 patients were included in the analysis, 411 (74.2%) receiving RT and 143 (25.8%) being given CRT. There was significantly lower number of patients above 70 years with a higher proportion of patients below 50 years who had received CRT (p<0.05). Some 79.3% and 84.6% of patients in the RT and CRT groups respectively presented with a favorable performance status, and in the RT group 240 (58.4%) showed complete response (CR), and in the CRT group 103 (72.0%) showed CR at the first follow-up (p<0.05). Conclusions: Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy gives better short term response to treatment in locally advanced hypopharyngeal cancers.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.473-493
• /
• 2004

In Korea, Jeongho Kim is the most noted scholar who studied on a map and a topography during the 19th century. He arranged the merit and the defect of the former maps systematically through such studies and made Cheonggudo(‘do’ means an atlas) in 1834. Accordingly, it reflected the result of many scholars's efforts to make accurate a complete map of Joseon. Especially, it referred to Haedongyeojido which had been made during 1776-1787. Of course, Haedongyeojido also referred to Joseonjido which had been made by Gyeongjun Sin(1712-1781) in 1770. Jeongho Kim did not copy Haedongyeojido as it was but edited it newly.