• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1619-1624
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• 2005

The effect of far-infrared (FIR) irradiation on the antioxidant activity of extracts from grape seed (GS) was evaluated. GS (5 g) were placed in Pyrex petri dishes (8.0 cm diameter) md FIR irradiated at 150$^{\circ}C$ for 10, 20, 30, 40 or 60 min with a FIR heater. After FIR irradiation, water extract (WE) (1.0 g/10 mL), methanol extract (ME) (1.0 g/10 mL) and 70$\%$ ethanol extract (EE) (1.0 g/10 mL) of GS were prepared, and total phenol contents (TPC) and radical scavenging activity (RSA) of the extracts were determined. The antioxidant activities of GS extracts increased as FIR irradiation. For example, FIR irradiation of GS at 150$^{\circ}C$ for 10 min increased the TPC and RSA of WE from 0.95 mM to 1.84 mM and 33,87$\%$ to 58.55$\%$, respectively, compared to non-irradiated control. In the case of ME at the same conditions of FIR irradiation (150$^{\circ}C$ for 10 min), the TPC and RSA also increased from 3.4 mM to 4.52 mM and 76.55$\%$ to 89.41$\%$, respectively. The TPC and RSA of EE increased from 2.65 mM to 4.82 mM and 66.89$\%$ to 84.62$\%$, too. According to the GC/MS analysis, several low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds such as vanillic acid and 3,4-hydroxy benzoic acid were newly formed in the EE after FIR irradiated at 150$^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. There were slight differences in the kinds of phenolic compounds between EE of non irradiated control and FIR irradiated samples. These results indicated that FIR irradiation onto GS could enhance antioxidant activities of its extracts with increasing the amount of phenolic compounds.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.464-471
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of superheated steam drying on physicochemical and microbial characteristics of Korean traditional actinidia (Actinidia arguta) leaves. Actinidia leaves were dried at steam temperature of $350^{\circ}C$ and oven temperature of $150^{\circ}C$ for 40-200 sec. Moisture content and water activity decreased with increasing the drying time, while color values including L, a, and b values and total color difference (${\Delta}E$) increased as drying time increased. The relationship between moisture content and water activity showed an exponential fit with high correlation vlaue ($R^2=0.9909$). Total phenolics and flavonoids content and antioxidant activity such as DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and FRAP assay of dried actinidia leaves increased with increasing the drying time up to 160 sec, but dramatically decreased at drying of 200 sec. The numbers of total areobic bacteria of leaves was not detected at drying time over 120 sec and coliform of all the samples was not detected. As a results, the superheated steam was an very effective drying method of increase to the nutritional and sanitary quality of dried Korean traditional actinidia leaves.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.745-755
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• 2024

Calystegia pubescens Lindl. (C. pubesens) is a native Korean herb that has been traditionally used for its diuretic, fatigue, and blood sugar-lowering effects. In previous studies, C. pubesens has shown antioxidant and whitening effects, but research on its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties is limited, and its potential as functional materials is lacking. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of leaf (CPL) and stem (CPS) extracts of C. pubesens extracted with 70% ethanol. When the anti-bacterial effect was confirmed, CPL showed superior anti-bacterial effect than CPS for C. acne, S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Additionally, CPL exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to CPS, as demonstrated by DPPH and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging assays. Therefore, CPL showed superior anti-bacterial and antioxidant effects compared to CPS. Based on these results, further investigation was conducted to confirm the anti-inflammatory effect of CPL using RAW264.7 macrophages. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation was significantly reduced by CPL treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the protein and mRNA expression of iNOS was reduced by CPL in LPS-indueced RAW264.7 cells, which was consistent with NO production. In conclusion, this study confirmed that CPL has superior anti-bacterial and antioxidant effects compared to CPS, and demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect of CPL via inhibiting iNOS expression and NO production induced by LPS. Based on the result, we suggest the potential of CPL as a valuable functional materials.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.400-403
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• 2005

The effect of far-infrared (FIR) irradiation and heat treatment on the antioxidant activity of extracts from defatted soybean meal (DSM) was evaluated. DSM were placed in pyrex petri dishes (8.0 cm diameter) and irradiated at $150^{\circ}C$ for 5, 10, 15, 20, 40 or 60 min with a FIR heater or simple heater. After FIR irradiation or simple heat treatment at same conditions, methanol extracts of DSM were prepared and total phenol contents (TPC), radical scavenging activity (RSA) and reducing power of the extracts were determined. The antioxidant activities of the extracts increased as the time of heating or FIR-irradiation increased. When DSM were FIR-irradiated at $150^{\circ}C$ for 15 min, the values of TPC, RSA, and reducing power of the extracts increased from 31.62 mg/ml to 57.51 mg/ml, 11.6% to 53.1%, and 0.068 to 0.147, respectively, compared to the untreated controls. Simple heat treatment of DSM under the same conditions ($150^{\circ}C$ for 15 min) also increased the TPC, RSA, and reducing power of the extracts from to 58.04 mg/ml, 65.2% and 0.160, respectively. The results indicated that appropriate FIR-irradiation or heat treatment on DSM increased the antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.549-554
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• 2018

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts from common and tartary buckwheat milling fractions (hull, bran, and flour). The results indicated that total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were higher in tartary buckwheats than in common buckwheats, which was related to high rutin levels. In particular, the highest rutin content was detected in the bran fraction. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities of tartary buckwheats were higher than those of common buckwheats, especially in bran. Cellular antioxidant activity of tartary buckwheat milling fractions was more pronounced than that of common buckwheat in both Caco-2 and Raw 264.7 cells, demonstrating the higher cellular antioxidant effect of tartary buckwheat bran. The cytotoxic effect of both common and tartary buckwheat milling fractions on cell proliferation was not significant. These results suggest that tartary buckwheat bran may have much potential for usefulness in protective and therapeutic antioxidant applications.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2006

The effect of far-infrared (FIR) irradiation and heat treatment on the antioxidant activity of extracts from citrus pomaces (CP) was evaluated. CP were placed in pyrex petri dishes (8.0 cm diameter) and irradiated at $100^{\circ}C$ and $150^{\circ}C$ for 5, 10, 15, 20, 40 or 60 min with a FIR heater or simple heater, respectively. After FIR irradiation or simple heat treatment, 70% ethanol extracts (EE) and water extracts (WE) of CP were prepared and radical scavenging activity (RSA) and reducing power of the extracts were determined. The antioxidant activities of the extracts increased as the time of heating or FIR-irradiation increased. When CP were FIR-irradiated at $100^{\circ}C$ far 30min, the values of RSA and reducing power of EE increased from 14.9% to 44.2%, and 0.290 to 0.886, respectively, compared to the untreated control. Simple heat treatment of CP at $100^{\circ}C$ for 60 min also increased RSA and reducing power of EE to 44.7%, and 1.045, respectively. FIR irradiation and heat treatment increased RSA and reducing power of WE from CP, too. These results indicated the antioxidant activity of CP extracts was significantly affected by FIR irradiation and heating temperature and duration on CP, and that the FIR irradiation and heat treatment process can be used as a tool for increasing the antioxidant activity of CP.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.13-34
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• 2003

Fructose-1, 6-diphosphate (FOP), a glycolytic metabolite is reported to ameliorate inflammation and inhibit the nitric oxide production in murine macrophages stimulated with endotoxin. It is also reported that FOP has cytoprotective effects against hypoxia or ischemia/reperfusion injury in brain and heart. In this study, we examined whether FDP has protective effects on UV-induced oxidative damage in skin cell culture system and human skin in vivo. FDP had a protective role in UVB-induced LDH release and ROS accumulation in HaCaT although it did not show direct radical scavenging effect in the experiment using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). FDP also preserved cellular GSH content after UV irradiation in HaCaT and normal human fibroblast culture system. Cellular oxidative stress induces multiple downstream signaling pathways that regulate expression of multiple gene including MMP-1 and collagen, we examined the effects of FDP on UV-induced alteration of these protein expression in fibroblast culture and human skin in vivo. The increased MMP-1 expression in fibroblast and human skin by UV irradiation was significantly decreased by FDP. FDP also prevented the UV-induced decrease of collagen expression in fibroblast and human skin. Moreover, the decreasing the intracellular levels of reducing equivalents in human fibroblast by glutathione (GSH) depletion lowered the UVA dose threshold for reduction of procollagen expression, indicating that the differences of glutathione contents define the susceptibility of fibroblasts towards UV-induced reduction of procollagen expression. FDP also preserved cellular GSH content after UV irradiation, indicating that FDP has protective effects on UV-induced reduction of procollagen expression, which are possibly through maintaining intracellular reducing equivalent. Based on these premises, we examined the effect of daily use of a moisturizer containing FDP on facial wrinkle in comparison with vehicle moisturizer lacking FDP. In the clinical study, FDP significantly decreased facial wrinkle compared with vehicle alone after 6 months of use. Our results suggest that FDP has anti-aging effects in skin by increasing cellular antioxidant system and preventing oxidative signal and inflammatory reaction. Therefore FDP may be useful anti-aging agent for cosmetic purpose.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.349-357
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• 2014

In this study, the shoot clumps extract of tissue-cultured Raoulia australis using the bioreactor culture system was tested for use a natural cosmetic ingredient. Tissue-cultured R. australis shoot clumps extract was tested anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity for a cosmetic application. R. australis is a wild herbaceous plant of the asteraceae growing in New Zealand and Australia. Previous studies have reported anti-viral activity of the inhibitory effects for the growth of viruses induced meningitis, bronchitis and respiratory diseases but other biological effects are unknown. The shoot clumps extract of tissue-cultured R. australis showed higher anti-oxidant effect and anti-inflammatory effect than the natural R. australis extract. In DPPH, NBT and ABTS assay, the shoot clumps extract of tissue-cultured R. australis enhanced radical scavenging activity (up to 10~25% at $50{\mu}L/mL$) more than the natural R. australis extract. Also, the shoot clumps extract of tissue-cultured R. australis inhibited expression of iNOS and COX-2 protein in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 macrophages more than the natural R. australis extract. From this study, the shoot clumps extract of tissue-cultured R. australis displayed strong possibility as a new natural cosmetic ingredient for skin-care products.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.39-57
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study is to prove the effect of Kyejakjimotangkami(KMK) on osteoarthritis. Methods We checked antioxidant activity and measured production of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ in RAW 264.7 cell after treat by KMK. Then we measured hind paw weight of Wister Rat with arthritis induced by MIA after KMK oral administration, checked Prostaglandin E2, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, Osteocalcin, TIMP-1, MMP-9, LTB-4 in serum, ran histopathological test and ${\mu}CT$-arthrography. Results 1. DPPH radical Scavenging was increased depend on concentration of KMK ethanol extract in RAW 264.7 cell. 2. Production of NO was significantly decreased by KMK ethanol extract on concentration of $200{\mu}g/ml$ in RAW 264.7 cell. 3. Production of IL-$1{\beta}$ was significantly decreased by KMK ethanol extract on concentration of $200{\mu}g/ml$. And Production of IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ were significantly decreased KMK ethanol extract of every concentration in RAW 264.7 cell. 4. Result of checking hind paw weight when administered KMK ethanol extract to Wister Rat with arthritis induced by MIA was significantly higher than control group and similar to normal group. 5. Production of Prostaglandin E2, IL-$1{\beta}$, Osteocalcin, TIMP-1, MMP-9 and LTB-4 in serum was significantly decreased by KMK ethanol extract after administerd to Wister Rat with arthritis induced by MIA. 6. In Hematoxylin & Eosin staining and Safranin-O staining, we could find inflammation of synovial cell, infiltration of macrophage and granulocyte and degeneration of cartilage and bone were decreased in comparison with control group. 7. When checked cartilage volume to examine degree of cartilage degeneration using ${\mu}CT$-arthrography, volume of cartilage was increased in comparison with control group. Conclusions Comparison of the results for this study showed that KMK ethanol extract have anti-inflammatory effectiveness and can protect cartilage and bone. So we expect that KMK can be used as a effective drugs for osteoarthritis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.1190-1195
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• 2008

Effect of electron beam irradiation on various physiological property changes of the ethanol extract from the cooking drips of Enteroctopus dofleini was investigated. The Hunter's color values of extract were increased with increasing irradiation doses. The radical scavenging activity of the extract was increased depending on the irradiation dose. The inhibitory activities against tyrosinase and angiotensin I converting enzyme were also increased with irradiation dose. It was also shown that the contents of proteins and polyphenols were increased by the irradiation. It was reasoned that the antioxidant activities were increased by proteins modified by the irradiation.