• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.577-584
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of imported tropical and subtropical fruits including dragon fruits, green kiwi, papaya, pineapple, pomegranate, and yellow mango. A seventy percent of ethanol extracts were prepared. Total phenolic content, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl)-, ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and reducing power were investigated for the comparisons of antioxidant activities. The phenolic content expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE) was found to be highest in pomegranate (12.22 mg GAE/g), followed by pineapple (3.77 mg GAE/g). Pomegranate and pineapple exhibited higher antioxidant activity than those of other fruits except for FRAP. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity from pomegranate were 93.00%, and 98.98%, respectively, at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, which were equal to those of ascorbic acid used for a positive control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.1095-1100
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• 2008

Antioxidative and macrophage phagocytic activities and contents of functional component in selected Korean chestnuts (Dantaek, Daebo, Okkwang, Seokchu, Byunggo) were evaluated. Coumarin, gallic acid and catechin in inner skin and whole kernel of selected Korean chestnuts were detected by HPLC. The predominant functional components in inner skin of chestnut were catechin, followed by gallic acid and coumarin. However, the whole kernel had only gallic acid. Thus, the antioxidant properties of gallic acid and catechin were evaluated through DPPH radical-scavenging activity and SOD like activity. Gallic acid and catechin at 6.0 mg/100 g exhibited 69.4% and 38.3% of scavenging activities on DPPH radical, respectively. DPPH radical-scavenging activity of gallic acid increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Gallic acid was found to possess higher DPPH radical-scavenging activity than equivalent amount of catechin at all concentrations, whereas catechin was found to have higher SOD like activity than gallic acid. In addition, pre-incubation of macrophage with white kernel extract from Byunggo resulted in a significant increase of phagocytic activity and yellow kernel extracts from Byunggo, Dantaek, Daebo and Okkwang, leading to an increase in phagocytic activity compared with untreated cells. Yellow kernel extracts was found to have higher phagocytic activity than white kernel extracts. Byunggo had the highest phagocytic activity. The results suggest that the Korean chestnut may provide a natural source of antioxidants and active immunity.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1025-1035
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• 2017

In this study, the hot water extract from Mulberry (Morus alba) Leaves fermented with Hericium erinaceum mycelium (MA-HE) was assessed for antioxidant activity. Radical scavenging activity of MA-HE evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS) radical. MA-HE showed 63% DPPH radical scavenging activity at $500{\mu}g/mL$ and 98.27% ABTS radical scavenging activity at $250{\mu}g/mL$. MA-HE was shown to significantly inhibited DNA strand breakage induced by free radical. MA-HE also inhibited free radical-mediated human serum albumin modification. MA-HE effectively inhibited $H_2O_2$ induced cell death and significantly increased of the 8% cell survival at $100{\mu}g/mL$. MA-HE decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in $H_2O_2$-treated cells. The results suggested that MA-HE can contribute to antioxidant and protected cells from oxidative stress-induced cell injury.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.405-410
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• 2006

A series of aqueous or methanol extracts from four different Korean salad plants were assayed to determine their allelopathy and antioxidant activity. The extracts applied on filter paper in a Petri-dish bioassay significantly inhibited root growth of against alfalfa (Medicago sativa) seedlings. Leaf extracts from 40 g dry tissue $L^{-1}$ of Aster yomena was most phytotoxic to alfalfa root growth, and followed by that of Cirsium japonicum, Taraxacum officinale, and Ixeris dentate. Methanol extracts of plants dose-dependently increased DPPH free radical scavenging activity in vitro. Antioxidant activity of methanol extracts from the same plant species was investigated, and the result showed high DPPH free radical scavenging activity in Cirsium japonicum, Aster yomena, and Ixeris dentate, however, in Taraxacum officinale was least activity. By means of HPLC analysis, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, and total phenolics with 7.68, 17.47 and 18.64 mg, $100g^{-1}$, respectively, showed the highest amounts in methanol extracts from Cirsium japonicum leaves. These results suggest that Compositae salad plants contain water-soluble substances with allelopathic potential as well as antioxidant activity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.548-556
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of antioxidant enzyme activity and radical scavenging activities of cucumber grown greenhouse. The analytic method of antioxidant activities were measured by estimating DPPH free radical scavenging, nitrite scavenging ability activity and ABTS radical scavenging ability. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of Jangjukcheongjang was the highest in most of the growth stage. The Nitrite scavenging ability at pH 1.2 was more than 40% in all cultivars and growth stages. The ABTS radical scavenging ability of Jangjukcheongjang and Nulpureuncheongjang showed relatively little higher than Janghyeongnakhap and Sinjoeunbaekdadagi. The SOD activity showed higher activity than 95% in all cultivars and growth stages. The activity of CAT was highest in the Nulpureuncheongjang of 2 (12~16cm) growth stage, and the APX activity of Nulpureuncheongjang and Janghyeongnakhap showed a relatively high activity. The POX activity showed distinctly different trends depending on the growth stage, and that is, the activity at harvest stage was significantly reduced. These results suggest that the cucumber had the potent biological activities, and that in the future, the availability of cucumber will be increase in the field of high-value cosmetic and food products.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.215-220
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• 2017

Xanthium strumarium L. is an annual plant belongs to the family Asteraceae which is is called a 'Cocklebur' that is used for medicinal purposes. Convergent phyto-activity of various extracts of Xanthium strumarium L. (Asteraceae) was examined. We estimated antioxidant activity from ground part and fruit extract of X. strumarium using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and ABTS assay. The extract of X. strumarium was separated each fraction that of ethanol, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate. It showed potent radical scavenging effect against the DPPH radical and ABTS. The study revealed that X. strumarium could be used as a potential source of natural antioxidant.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.202-208
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• 2018

This experiment was conducted to determine optimal hot-air drying time for producing antioxidative calendula tea. The edible calendula was dried in hot air at $60^{\circ}C$ for 5, 10, 15 hours and Hunter's color value was measured and extracted with 95% ethanol as a solvent. The contents of total polyphenol, total flavonoid, total carotenoid and DPPH (2,2 Dipheny-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity were investigated. The correlation between the amount of antioxidant and antioxidant activity was analyzed. As the treatment time increased, the Hunter values of L, a, and b tended to decrease, and the L value and b value decreased significantly at 15 hours. The color change was occurred in all treatments compared with the control, and the total color difference (${\Delta}E$) was the largest at 15 hours treatment. The contents of total flavonoids, total carotenoids and DPPH scavenging activity increased in the 5 hours, but decreased in the 15 hours compared to the 10 hours. The content of total polyphenol was not changed with different treatment time. A positive correlation ($p{\leq}0.01$, r = 0.610) between carotenoids and DPPH radical scavenging activity was demonstrated. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was increased at 5 and 10 hours compared to the control and decreased at 15 hours. Therefore, 5 hours or 10 hours of treatment is appropriate and further studies are needed to determine the specific treatment time.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.196-202
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• 2013

Citron seed extracts (CSEs) were made using distilled water (CSEW), ethanol (CSEE), and n-hexane (CSEH), to measure the total polyphenol contents, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and anti-complementary activity. The total polyphenol content was observed the highest in CSEE (188.71 ${\mu}g/mL$), and occurred in the following order: CSEE>CSEW (141.11 ${\mu}g/mL$)>CSEH (26.19 ${\mu}g/mL$) at 10 mg/mL. CSEE (63.56%) and CSEW (56.61%) showed significantly higher DPPH radical scavenging activities when compared with CSEH (28.57%). ABTS radical scavenging activities of CSEE (45.53%) and CSEW (40.02%) were also observed to be higher, whereas CSEH did not show ABTS radical scavenging activity. Anti-complementary activity of CSEE (26.85%) showed a greater activity than that of CSEW (7.84%) at 1,000 ${\mu}g/mL$. Limonin and nomilin contents had the highest values (1.882% and 2.089%) in CSEE, and with 0.327% and 0.139% in CSEW; however, CSEH showed relatively very low values at 0.061% and 0.026%, respectively. Among the CSEs tested, CSEE as a by-product from citron may provide an important source of dietary antioxidant compounds with rich polyphenol and limonoid contents, and immunopotentiating activity, including the complement activation factor.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.445-451
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• 2012

The EtOH extracts of red seaweeds (Symphyocladia latiuscula, Chondrus ocellatus and Carpopeltis affinis) and solvent partitioned fractions were investigated for their 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effects and the total phenolic contents were correlated with ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The EtOH extracts and their solvent partitioned fractions exhibited strong ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities. Among the solvent partitioned fractions obtained from n-Hexane (HX), methylenchloride (MC), ethylacetate (EA), and buthanol (BuOH), the HX fraction from C. affinis showed higher radical scavenging activities than other fractions. Total phenolic contents showed significant correlation ($r^2$ = 0.709) with ABTS radical scavenging activity. The results of this study suggest that the strong radical scavenging activity of HX fraction from C. affinis is a promising natural antioxidant for healthcare products.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.147-155
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• 2000

In order to evaluate anti -oxidant activities and protective effect against oxidatve damage, DPPH radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity were measured among methanol extracts prepared from natural medicinal plants. Fourteen natural medicinal plants which were reported to have anti -oxidative or anti-inflammatory effects were selected based on our previous report. In addition to the total methanol extracts, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, n-butanol and water fractions were prepared from each total extract. DPPH radical scavenging assay was performed against 14 total extracts and all samples showed dose-dependent activities in various extent. Among those, 6 samples, methanol extracts of Euryale ferox, paeonia suffruticosa, Areca catechu var. dulcissima, Cinnamomun cassia, Alpinia katsumadai and Betula platyphlla var. japonica showed IC$\sub$50/ value lower than 6.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was found in ethylacetate fraction of paeonia suffruticosa with IC$\sub$50/ value of 1.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. Analysis of lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells revealed that the highest inhibitory effect was observed in methanol extract of Betula platyhpylla var. japonica. Lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity was observed as a dose-dependent manner in all samples used in this study. Among fraction samples, ethylacetate fraction of Alpinia katsumadai had the strongest inhibitory activity with IC$\sub$50/ value of 0.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml.