• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.283-289
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• 2016

Naturally occurring antioxidants, such as polyphenols are widely found in fruits, vegetables, wines, juices, and other plant-based dietary sources and are divided into several sub classes, including phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, stilbenoids, and lignans. As part of the our ongoing search for bioactive food ingredients, the antioxidant and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation inhibitory activities of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Cirsium setidens were investigated in vitro bioassay system. The antioxidant properties were evaluated through radical scavenging assays using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) ($ABTS^+$) radicals. In addition, the activity of C. setidens against diabetes complications was also tested via AGEs formation inhibition assay. The total phenolic contents were determined using a UV-VIS spectrophotometric method. All tested samples showed a dose-dependent radical scavenging and AGEs inhibitory activities. In particular, the n-butanol (BuOH)-soluble portion showed the most potent radical scavenging activities against DPPH and $ABTS^+$ radicals with $IC_{50}$ values of $24.3{\pm}1.7$ and $25.0{\pm}3.3{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Futhermore, the inhibition of AGEs formation by the n-BuOH-soluble portion ($IC_{50}$ value; $46.0{\pm}1.5{\mu}g/mL$) was higher than that those of the soluble portions for the other solvent. The results showed that C. setidens could be considered as an effective source of natural antioxidants and other ingredients.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2009

This study was carried out in order to determine the biological activities such as antioxidant activities in nine cultivars of Momordica charantia L. (Korea, China, Japan and Philippine native cultivars). Their antioxidant activities were measured using DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS cation radical scavenging, and Nitrite scavenging ability. The highest total polyphenol content (16.82 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$) measured in the native Korea cultivar, and this value was 4.0 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ higher than that of the 'Verde Beuhas' cultivar (12.82 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$). The 'Peacock' cultivar had the highest total flavonoid amount which was 4.38 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The free radical scavenging activity using DPPH method was the highest in the native China cultivar ($RC_{50}$ = 102.6 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$). ABTS cation radical scavenging activity according to cultivars was significantly higher in 'Peacock'. Nitrite scavenging ability showed the most remarkable effect at the pH 1.2, exhibited to 81.5${\sim}$86.9% by addition of ethanol extract 1${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ from Momordica charantia L. These results suggest that Momordica charantia L. had the potent biological activities, and that their activities exhibited differently depending on cultivars.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1723-1728
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• 2007

Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCM), a type of red raspberry, grows wild in Korea and China and its unripe fruit is used as a folk medicine for the treatment of impotence and as a diuretic. RCM was extracted with methanol and then further fractionated it into for different types. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of a RCM extract (ext.) and its fraction (fr.). DPPH free radical scavenging activity assay, total polyphenols contents, total flavonoids contents assay were used to analyze antioxidant activity. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity $(RC_{50}:1.67{\mu}g/ml)$ and total polyphenols contents $(546.25{\mu}g/mg)$ were higher in butanol fraction than in other fr. And total flavonoids contents was higher in ethylacetate fr. $(141.78{\mu}g/mg)$. We applied comet assay to measure the DNA damage in the individual cells and exposed time course at $IC_{50}$. Comet assay is a rapid and sensitive fluorescent microscopic method to examine DNA damage and repair at individual cell level. The butanol fro from RCM significantly induced 54.12%, 57.95% of DNA damage after treated RCM for 8 hr. In conclus

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.1137-1143
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• 2015

This study investigated the free radical-scavenging and antitumor activities of hot water, water, acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and hexane extracts of fruits and leaves from Prunus mume. The various extracts were evaluated for their total polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannin contents, scavenging activities by DPPH and ABTS analyses, reducing power, protective effects against oxidative stress in L-132 cells, and antitumor activities against A549, HeLa, and U87 cancer cells. Ethanol extracts of fruits and leaves showed the highest total polyphenol content (336.41 and 523 mg GAE/100 g, respectively). DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities increased according to concentration of fruit. DPPH radical-scavenging activity of ethanol extracts from leaves was 65.48% at $200{\mu}g/mL$. All extract fractions of leaves showed high ABTS radical-scavenging activities. The reducing power activities increased according to increasing concentration of fruits and leaves. All extracts of leaves performed better than extracts of fruits in terms of protective effects against oxidative stress in L-132 cells. Ethyl acetate, chloroform, hexane, ethanol extracts of fruits and leaves showed anticancer activities against A549, HeLa, and U87 cancer cells. However, ethanol extracts of fruits and leaves showed no toxicity in normal cells (BNLCL2). This study suggests that antioxidant activities of fruits and leaves from P. mume depend on polyphenol contents. Thus, fruits and leaves from P. mume can be useful as natural antioxidant compounds.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.652-658
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• 2009

The comparative activities of aqueous, ethanol, and methanol extracts from Aralia elata shoot (AES) and leaf (AEL) were tested by in vitro experimental models of linoleic acid peroxidation by thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods and scavenging activities of free radicals by DPPH (${\alpha}$,${\alpha}$'-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl). In addition, bio-active materials (phenolic compounds and minerals) were also measured. The extract yield of each solvent extracted from AES and AEL was 3.08% and 3.13% in aqueous, 0.58% and 0.66% in ethanol, and 0.81% and 1.73% in methanol, respectively. The highest extract yield was found in the aqueous extract from AEL. Major mineral contents (mg%) of AES and AEL were 575.7 and 759.3 in Ca, 353.5 and 330.0 in K, and 31.3 and 31.0 in Mg, respectively. The highest free radical scavenging activity was found in the aqueous extract by 28.69% at 0.1% additional level from AES and in the methanol extract by 92.36% at 0.1% additional level from AEL. Free radical scavenging activity was stronger in AEL than in AES. In antioxidative activities determined by thiocyanate and TBA methods against lipid peroxidation using linoleic acid, ethanol extracts from AEL showed the highest antioxidative activity at all treatment concentrations. These results may provide the basic data to understand the biological activities of bio-active materials derived from AES and AEL.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.875-884
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the qualities of optimized muffins with germinated brown rice soaked in mycelial culture broth of Phellinuslinteus (GBRP) using response surface methodology. Firstly, general compositions of optimized muffins with GBRP were higher than that of control and total sugar contents were similar. However, the total free amino acid and constitutional amino acid contents except for GABA were lower than those of control. Starch hydrolysis in control was higher than in optimized muffins with GBRP, whereas protein digestibility and protein efficiency ratio were not. The weights of optimized muffins with GBRP were higher than that of control (p<0.01), whereas height (p<0.01) and pH (p<0.001) were similar. The hardness (p<0.05) and chewiness (p<0.05) of optimized muffins with GBRP were higher compared to control; adhesiveness, springiness, and gumminess were similar, but cohesiveness (p<0.01) was not. The flavor (p<0.05) and taste (p<0.01) of optimized muffins with GBRP were higher than those of control; appearance, texture and overall acceptability were similar, but color (p<0.05) was not. The total polyphenol contents (p<0.01), DPPH radical scavenging activity (p<0.01), and superoxide dismutase-like activity (p<0.05) of optimized muffins with GBRP were higher than those of control, but nitrite scavenging activity was similar.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2014

In this study, we measured antioxidant activity as DPPH radical scavenging and the total polyphenol content of pulverized and lyophilized oak pollens inoculated with fungi to confirm the husk removal effect. The total polyphenol content of oak pollen was highest in lyophilized pollen medium inoculated with Armillaria mellea, and was lowest in pollen inoculated with Lentinula edodes. Total polyphenol content of the lyophilized pollen was higher than that of the refined pollen and the pulverized pollen in oak pollen germinated with A. mellea. The total polyphenol content of the lyophilized oak pollen germinated with A. mellea was 1.4-fold higher than that extracted with water. Measurement of antioxidant activity using the DPPH (2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging method showed that the lyophilized oak pollen germinated with A. mellea had the highest and that germinated with L. edodes was lowest in antioxidant activities. The lyophilized oak pollen germinated with A. mellea was 2 to 4 times higher than that extracted with water in the antioxidant activity of DPPH free radical scavenging. Many germinated cells were formed around pore of acorn pollen inoculated with L. edodes, while those were formed at the end of hyphae derived from oak pollen inoculated with A. mellea.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2019

In vitro antioxidant effect of 50% ethanol extract from Napier grass (Penninsetum purpureum) was investigated. The yield and polyphenol content of the Napier grass extract were $6.3{\pm}0.35%$ and $79.6{\pm}3.65{\mu}g$ gallic acid equivalents/mg-extract, respectively. Antioxidant ability of the Napier grass extract such as fee radical and cation radical scavenging activities, reducing power, nitrite scavenging activity, and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity proportionally increased as concentration of the extract increased. $EC_{50}$ values of the Napier grass extract for free radical scavenging, cation radical scavenging, reducing power, and nitrite scavenging were 1,930.0, 350.0, 840.0, and $1,470.0{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In the presence of $85.0{\mu}g/mL$ of the Napier grass extract, lipid peroxidation was potently inhibited by 74.6%.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of cadmium chloride ($CdCl_2$), toxicant, and the protective effect of Chelidonium majus (CM) extract on $CdCl_2$-induced cytotoxicity in cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Cell viability, the effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) against $CdCl_2$, and the antioxidative effects including DPPH-free radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion-radical scavenging activity (SSA), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were assessed. $CdCl_2$ caused a significant dose-dependent decrease in cell viability, and $XTT_{50}$ value was determined at 38.7uM of $CdCl_2$. It was determined as highly-toxic by Borenfreund and Puerner' toxic criteria. BHT of antioxidant significantly increased cell viability severely damaged by $CdCl_2$-induced cytotoxicity in these cultures. In the protective effect of CM extract on $CdCl_2$-induced cytotoxicity, CM extract significantly increased cell viability, DPPH-free radical scavenging activity, SSA and inhibitory activity of LDH. From these results, it is suggested that oxidative stress is involved in the cytotoxicity of $CdCl_2$, and CM extract showed protective efficacy on $CdCl_2$-induced cytotoxicity via antioxidative effects. Conclusively, natural resources like CM extract may be a putative antioxidative agent for the detoxification or diminution of toxicity correlated with oxidative stress.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.229-233
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• 2009

20 species of plants were extracted with Methanol and were investigated for DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTs free radical scavenging activity to quest anti-oxidation ability depending on the proton beam irradiation quantity. In the proton beam irradiation, 15 species's activities increased but among them, Pharbities nil Choisy decreased at 10 KGray and 4 species' activity didn't change at all. In hydrogen ion radical elimination activity, Ulmus macrocarpa (84 %) showed the highest and Pharbitis nil Choisy showed 6 % decreasing at more than 1 KGray. By comparison with untreated $IC_{50}$ value, the beam-treated $IC_{50}$ value increased 6.3 times for Dioscorea batatas Decne. at 1 KGray, 2.1 times for Trichosanthes kirilowii Max., and 2.8 times for Dioscorea batatas Decne. at 5 KGray. In ABTs free radical elimination activity, the activity increased 60 % for Terminalia chebula Retzius compared with untreated one. Besides, the beam-treated $IC_{50}$ value increased 2 times for Gray Ephedra sinica Stapf, 2.5 times for Terminalia chebula Retz. and 2.4 times for Arctium lappa Linne at 1 KGray.