• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.165-172
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• 2015

The class of Dynamic Positioning System is divided in 3 classes depending on its redundancy and reliability according to IMO and classification society. There are 3 DP classes such as DP Class 1, 2 and 3 according to IMO MSC/Circ. 645. Higher DP class vessel has higher reliability, since redundancy concept is applied to the DP vessel depending on its DP class and can operate more safely. There are not enough information about DP class notation, which are needed when a company builds a new or buys second hand DP vessel or modifies DP classes, even the Korean shipyard is building a lot of DP vessels now. Also, the practical case of DP vessel modification, which had been done in Korea, to meet DP notation of IMO and classification society, will be helpful for DP vessel modification and sales industry development in Korea as a new business. As such this research identified what kind of requirements need to be taken into account to be from DP class 1 to DP class 2. The real DP class modification case is used to identify the requirements of DP class upgrade. Through the FMEA the redundancy concept on power system, thruster system and DP control system need to apply for DP class upgrade. The power system have to keep its DP function even if just a single fault happens on the generator or switchboard. Also, the PMS is required to monitor and control power system. Ship's Surge, Sway and Yaw movements can be controlled by the remaining thruster system after a single thruster fails. Lastly, multiple installation of PRS, sensors and DP control system are required to keep DP ability after a single fault on the DP control systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.28-30
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• 2014

Dynamic Positioning System(DPS)은 그 신뢰성 및 대체 시스템에 따라 IMO 및 각 선급에서 3개의 class(등급)로 나누고 있다. IMO MSC/Circ 645에 의하면 DPS는 Class 1, 2, 및 3로 나뉘어 있으며 등급이 높을수록 좀 더 신뢰성 있고 안전하게 DP 선박을 운용할 수 있다. 이러한 DPS의 등급은 DP 선박을 건조할 때 그 선박의 사용 목적 및 필요성 신뢰도에 따라 건조되고 있으나 최근에는 이미 건조되어 있는 DP 선박의 등급을 개조를 통해 변경하여 사용하기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 DP Class 1선박을 DP Class 2 선박으로 변경하기 위해서는 어떠한 IMO 및 선급 요건의 만족이 필요하며 이를 위해서 어떠한 설비의 추가가 필요한지를 알아보고 이를 실제 사례를 통해 확인 및 검증해 본다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.401-402
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• 2012

해양 자원의 개발이 연안에서 심해로 이동하면서 해양플랜트 건조도 또한 심해라는 특수한 상황에서 운용될 수 있도록 건조되고 있다. 여러 가지 운용 시스템 중 Dynamic Positioning(DP) 시스템은 해상에서 해양 구조물을 일정기간동안 원하는 위치를 유지 시켜주는 시스템으로써 다양한 선박 및 해양플랜트에서 사용되고 있다. 이러한 DP 시스템은 기본적으로 GPS를 이용하여 해상에서 그 위치를 유지하고 있지만 그 외에도 다양한 Position Reference 시스템이 사용되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 DP 시스템의 기본적인 원리와 DP Class 구분 그리고 DP 시스템에 사용되는 다양한 Position Reference 시스템에 대해서 개략적으로 다루고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.44-46
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• 2014

최근 DPO (Dynamic Positioning Operator) 자격증을 취득하고자 하는 해기사가 급증하고 있다. 그러나 우리나라에는 취득과정에 필수적인 승선실습을 제공할 수 있는 선박이 거의 없기 때문에 취득까지 많은 시간과 노력을 필요로 하게 되며, 때로는 중도에 포기하는 경우도 발생하고 있다. 이러한 어려움을 완화하고 보다 더 많은 해기사가 DP 선박에 진출할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 DPS (Dynamic Positioning System)를 설치한 실습선이 적극 검토되고 있다. 이러한 요구에 발맞추어 이 논문에서는 실습선에 탑재할 DPS의 요건에 대하여 제안한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2008

This study was undertaken to investigate the distribution of major histocompatibility complex class II positive (MHC II+) (HLA-DP-like) cells in the cow uterus (cervix, corpus and cornu uteri) and to compare these cells between the estrus and diestrus phases of the estrous cycle. Twenty-nine multiparous cows were used. Tissue samples from the middle of the cervix, the corpus and the right cornu were taken immediately after slaughter at the estrus or diestrus phase. Streptavidin-biotin peroxidase complex staining was used to detect MHC II+ cells. The number of MHC II+ cells per unit area of tissue was counted using image analysis software under a light microscope. Numerous MHC II+ cells were found in the endometrium (cervix, corpus and cornu uteri) in both estrus and diestrus. MHC II+ cells were found in the surface epithelium of the cervix uteri in diestrus, but in the corpus uteri in both estrus and diestrus and in the cornu uteri in estrus. MHC II+ cells were also found freely in the lumen of the glands and between the gland epithelia of the corpus and cornu uteri in both estrus and diestrus. There were also MHC II+ cells in the connective tissue of the myometrium and perimetrium (outside the endometrium) and around the blood vessels. Endothelial cells were frequently positive for MHC II staining. More MHC II+ cells were found in the endometrium than outside the endometrium in both estrus and diestrus (p<0.001). However, there was no difference in the numbers of positive cells between estrus and diestrus either in the endometrium or outside it. These results are the first evidence for HLA-DP-like MHC II+ cells in the bovine uterus. They indicate that antigen presentation by HLA-DP-like MHC II+ cells of the uterus is not influenced by hormonal status.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.287-296
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• 2017

The Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) is a structured and systematic methodology developed by the IMO, aimed at assessing the risk of vessels and recommending the method to control intolerable risks, thereby enhancing maritime safety, including protection of life, health, the marine environment and property, by using risk analysis and cost-benefit assessment. While the FSA has mostly been applied to merchant vessels, it has rarely been applied to a DP vessel, which is one of the special purpose vessels in the offshore industry. Furthermore, most of the FSA has been conducted so far by using the Fault Tree Analysis tool, even though there are many other risk analysis tools. This study carried out the FSA for safe operation of DP vessels by using the Bayesian network, under which conditional probability was examined. This study determined the frequency and severity of DP LOP incidents reported to the IMCA from 2001 to 2010, and obtained the Risk Index by applying the Bayesian network. Then, the Risk Control Options (RCOs) were identified through an expert brainstorming and DP vessel simulations. This study recommends duplication of PRS, regardless of the DP class and PRS type and DP system specific training. Finally, this study verified that the Bayesian network and DP simulator can also serve as an effective tool for FSA implementation.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.32-38
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• 2012

This paper is aimed to propose the design database(DB) of the inline micro-turbine for 5kW class. CFD analysis is performed to investigate the effect of a turbine on each parameter. This study showed that RadhaKrishna's data is different from the 5kW class in the low-head and the micro-turbine. Therefore, new DB for the design of inline micro-turbine for 5kW class could be needed. This study configured new design DB for the design of inline micro-turbine for 5kW class. The DB of this study showed that the optimal hub ratio(Dp/DR), the optimal body ratio(Db/DR) and the optimal range of body length ratio(Lh/DR) is 50%, 1.1 and 2.3 to 2.9, respectively.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.17.1-17.16
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• 2023

Latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A), a latent Ag commonly expressed in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected host cells, is a target for adoptive T cell therapy in EBV-associated malignancies. To define whether individual human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allotypes are used preferentially in EBV-specific T lymphocyte responses, LMP2A-specific CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cell responses in 50 healthy donors were analyzed by ELISPOT assay using artificial Ag-presenting cells expressing a single allotype. CD8⁺ T cell responses were significantly higher than CD4⁺ T cell responses. CD8⁺ T cell responses were ranked from highest to lowest in the order HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C loci, and CD4⁺ T cell responses were ranked in the order HLA-DR, HLA-DP, and HLA-DQ loci. Among the 32 HLA class I and 56 HLA class II allotypes, 6 HLA-A, 7 HLA-B, 5 HLA-C, 10 HLA-DR, 2 HLA-DQ, and 2 HLA-DP allotypes showed T cell responses higher than 50 spot-forming cells (SFCs)/5×105 CD8⁺ or CD4⁺ T cells. Twenty-nine donors (58%) showed a high T cell response to at least one allotype of HLA class I or class II, and 4 donors (8%) had a high response to both HLA class I and class II allotypes. Interestingly, we observed an inverse correlation between the proportion of LMP2A-specific T cell responses and the frequency of HLA class I and II allotypes. These data demonstrate the allele dominance of LMP2A-specific T cell responses among HLA allotypes and their intra-individual dominance in response to only a few allotypes in an individual, which may provide useful information for genetic, pathogenic, and immunotherapeutic approaches to EBV-associated diseases.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.361-370
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• 2020

We developed a heavy-duty work class ROV trencher named URI-T (Underwater robot it's trencher) that can conduct burial and maintenance tasks for underwater cables and small diameter pipelines. It requires various supporting systems, including a dynamic positioning (DP) vessel, launch and recovery system (LARS), A-frame, and winch in order to perform burial tasks because of its dimensions (6.5 m × 5.0 m × 4.5 m, 20 t) and the tough working environment. However, operating a DP vessel has disadvantages as it is expensive to rent and operate and it is difficult to adjust the working schedule for some domestic coast construction cases. In this paper, we propose a method using a barge instead of a DP vessel to avoid the above disadvantages. Although burying the cable and pipeline using a barge has lower working efficiency than a DP vessel, it can save construction expenses and does not require a large crew. The proposed method was applied over two months at the construction of the water supply in Yokji-do, and the results were verified.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.984-999
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• 2013

This research examines the interrelation of clothes, colors and sentiments based on clothes and colors that stimulate sentiment. This study provides data that is useful to color therapy by means of clothes as medium. The survey for this study targeted 200 Pusan National University students who analyzed the colors of association and clothes colors for nine positive vocabularies (passion, love, warmth, happiness, interest, softness, comfortable, freshness, and coolness) and six negative vocabularies (anger, fear, despair, nervous, gloomy, and loneliness). The data collection process used 120 standard colors as represented by Munsell's basic 10 colors (R, YR, Y, GY, G, BG, B, PB, P, RP) as chromatic colors classified into eleven tones of colors (V, S, B, P, VP, LGR, GR, L, DL, DP, DK) and achromatic colors divided into ten steps of brightness N1-N10. The results of the research are as follows. First, the warm class of colors were significant in the colors of association with positive sentiment and the cold class of colors were significant in the sentiment of refreshment and coolness. In addition, bright and clear colors (like V, S, VP, P) were associated with color tones. Second, the low bright achromatic colors were generally high for the colors of association with negative sentiment; in addition, the color of R, PB, P (as achromatic colors) were also significant. In addition, sober and dark tones (like GR, DL, DK, DP) were significant in color tones. Third, the interrelation between positive sentiment and clothes colors shows that colors of association were mainly used for upper garment colors. Similar colors against upper garments were used together for bottom garment achromatic colors and complementary colors; therefore, bottom garments play a subsidiary role in the concept of coordination with upper garments.