• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.58-65
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• 1986

The results from a survery on the reproduction of a, pp.oximately 500 dairy cows raised in four different farming areas including Cheju city, Jochun, Hallim and Sung-up are summarized as follows; 1. At the occurrence of first estrus, the average age of the heifers was 15.1 months (330 Kg/B.W.), and at first conception 18.0 months (354Kg/B.W.). There was no regional differences. 2. The average interval of the estrous cycle was 20.4 days. And the repetition of esturs after unsuccessful insemination occurred on an average of 1.6 times, especially 2.0 times in the herds of the Jochun district. 3. The ages at the first calving were similar to the data recorded for the domestic mainland's herds at 27.1 months. But some regional differences were recognized within the four districts: i.e. 28.6 (Cheju city), 27.4(Jochun), 27.1(Hallim) and 25.3 months (Sung-up). There was no significant differences in sex ratio of newborns at 50.4%(♂) and 49.6%(♀). 4. The intervals of esturs recurrence and the following conception after calving were 80.0 and 95.8 days respectively. In the followsing conception intervals after cavling, 90.6-97.4 days were average for the herds of Cheju city and Jochun districts, 62.4-69.7 days for those of Hallim and Sung-up districts. 5. The average gestation period was 279.8 days, and was almost identical in the four districts. 6. The calving intervals was 377.7 days in average, and it was shorter than the data recorded for the domestic mainland's herds. Also it was reduce gradually according to the calving frequency.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.322-330
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• 2012

본 연구는 Hackman and Oldham의 직무특성이론에 근거하여 대학생을 대상으로 자원봉사활동 직무특성이 활동만족도와 지속의지에 미치는 효과를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 강원도내 6개 대학의 대학생 261명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 자료를 분석하였다. 연구 결과 대학생의 자원봉사참가율은 평균 71.6%로 나타났으며, 자원봉사활동의 직무특성과 활동만족도, 지속의지는 중간값 보다 낮은 수준으로 나타났다. 자원봉사 활동만족도에 미치는 직무특성의 효과에서는 기술다양성과 과업정체성, 피드백이 유의한 수준에서 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 지속의지에 대해서는 자율성을 제외한 기술다양성, 과업정체성, 과업중요성, 피드백 모두가 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 상관분석을 통해 자원봉사 활동만족도가 높으면 지속의지 역시 높아지는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 자원봉사관리자는 자원봉사활동의 직무를 직무특성이론에 기초하여 설계(design)함으로써 의미충만감이나 책임감, 결과의식을 높여서 최종적으로는 자원봉사를 통한 동기부여와 성과 향상으로 이어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.322-330
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• 2016

Understanding the genetic variation among landrace collections is important for crop improvement and utilization of valuable genetic resources. The present study was carried out to analyse the genetic diversity and associated population structure of 621 foxtail millet accessions of Korean landraces using 22 EST-SSR markers. A total of 121 alleles were detected from all accessions with an average of 5.5 alleles per microsatellite locus. The average values of gene diversity, polymorphism information content, and expected heterozygosity were 0.518, 0.594, and 0.034, respectively. Following the unweighted neighbor-joining method with arithmetic mean based clustering using binary data of polymorphic markers, the genotypes were grouped into 3 clusters, and population structure analysis also separated into 3 populations. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) explained a variation of 13.88% and 10.99% by first and second coordinates, respectively. However, in PCoA analysis, clear population-level clusters could not be found. This pattern of distribution might be the result of gene flow via germplasm exchanges in nearby regions. The results indicate that these Korean landraces of foxtail millet exhibit a moderate level of diversity. This study demonstrated that molecular marker strategies could contribute to a better understanding of the genetic structure in foxtail millet germplasm, and provides potentially useful information for developing conservation and breeding strategies.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.1087-1095
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• 2020

The research purpose of the article is to evaluate the effects of the internal control components on the effectiveness of internal control of transport construction enterprises in Vietnam, on the basis of which we made recommendations to contribute to improving the effectiveness of internal control. Sample was collected from Vietnamese medium and large transport construction enterprises, the total number of sample questionnaires sent was 400, 330 filled-up questionnaires was collected and 250 was used for the study purpose. Quantitative research method was used for the study with the help of the SPSS software. The variables in the model are as follows: the dependent variable is the effectiveness of internal control, 5 independent variables are: control environment, risk assessment, control activities, communication, and monitoring. The results of the analysis explain 80.4% variation as a result of the effect of internal control on the Vietnamese transport construction enterprise. All five components positively affect the effectiveness of internal controls in the order of influence, which are: control activities, control environment, communication, risk assessment and monitoring. This study contributes in providing more empirical evidence about the effects of internal control components on the effectiveness of internal control of transport construction enterprises in Vietnam. The study has proposed a number of recommendations to help transport construction enterprises improve control activities and contribute towards improving the effectiveness of internal control.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.322-330
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• 2014

2011년 9월부터 2012년 8월까지 경상남도 고성에 있는 4개 하천의 환경 특성을 파악하고, 각 하천의 어류상과 어류군집을 조사하였다. 채집된 어류는 고성천 17종, 마암천 18종, 구만천 20종, 배둔천 15종의 어류가 채집되었다. 집괴 분석 결과 해수 영향 유무에 따라 A 그룹은 구만천, 마암천, B 그룹은 고성천, 배둔천의 2 그룹으로 구분되었다. A 그룹에는 민물검정망둑(Tridentiger brevispinis), 날망둑(Gymnogobius castaneus), 숭어(Mugli cephalus), 문절망둑(Acanthogobius flavimanus)과 같은 주연성 어류들이 출현하였지만, B 그룹은 출현하지 않거나 소수만 출현하였다. 반면에 B 그룹에 출현한 참붕어 (Pseudorasbora parva), 긴몰개 (Squalidus gracilis majimae), 참갈겨니 (Zacco koreanus)와 같은 1차 담수 어류들은 A 그룹에 소수만 출현하였다. A 그룹의 하천은 하구둑이 없어서 담수와 해수 유통이 원활한 자연적인 하류지역이며, B 그룹은 하구둑이나 수중보에 의해 담수와 해수의 소통에 영향을 받는 곳이다. 결과적으로 하구둑과 수중보와 같은 인위적인 요인에 의한 담수와 해수 흐름의 변화가 고성인근 하천의 어류상에 영향을 미친 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2017

얼굴인식 기술은 지난 수십 년간 연구되어온 분야로서 보안, 엔터테인먼트, 모바일 서비스 등 다양한 영역에서 활용되고 있다. 얼굴인식 기술이 가진 주된 문제점은 밝기, 조명각도, 영상 회전등의 환경적 변화 요소에 따라 인식률이 현저하게 감소된다는 것이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 최근 많은 계산량을 처리할 수 있는 컴퓨터 하드웨어와 알고리즘의 발전으로 재조명 받고 있는 CNN을 이용해 조명변화에 강인한 얼굴인식 방법을 제안하였다. 이후 성능검증을 위해 기존의 얼굴인식 알고리즘인 PCA, LBP, DCT와 결과 비교를 진행하였으며, 각각 9.82%, 11.6%, 4.54%의 성능 향상을 보였다. 또한 기존 신경망을 적용한 얼굴인식 연구결과 비교에서도 5.24%의 성능 향상을 기록하여 최종 인식률 99.25%를 달성하는 결과를 보였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.322-330
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• 2015

Background: UV-irradiated keratinocytes secrete various proinflammatory cytokines. UV-induced skin damage is mediated by growth factors and proinflammatory cytokines such as granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In a previous study, we found that the saponin of Korean Red Ginseng (SKRG) decreased the expression of GM-CSF in UVB-irradiated SP-1 keratinocytes. In this study, we attempted to find the inhibitory mechanism of SKRG on UVB-induced GM-CSF expression in SP-1 keratinocytes. Methods: We investigated the inhibitory mechanism of SKRG and ginsenosides from Panax ginseng on UVB-induced GM-CSF expression in SP-1 keratinocytes. Results: Treatment with SKRG decreased the expression of GM-CSF mRNA and protein induced by irradiation of UVB in SP-1 keratinocytes. The phosphorylation of ERK was induced by UVB at 10 min, and decreased with SKRG treatment in SP-1 keratinocytes. In addition, treatment with SKRG inhibited the UVB-induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is known to be an upstream signal of ERK. From these results, we found that the inhibition of GM-CSF expression by SKRG was derived from the decreased phosphorylation of EGFR. To identify the specific compound composing SKRG, we tested fifteen kinds of ginsenosides. Among these compounds, ginsenoside-Rh3 decreased the expression of GM-CSF protein and mRNA in SP-1 keratinocytes. Conclusion: Taken together, we found that treatment with SKRG decreased the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK in UVB-irradiated SP-1 keratinocytes and subsequently inhibited the expression of GM-CSF. Furthermore, we identified ginsenoside-Rh3 as the active saponin in Korean Red Ginseng.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
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• pp.330-342
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• 2003

The formation of emulsions and micelles in water/ceramide PC104/CholE $O_{20}$/C$_{16}$E $O_{20}$ and water/ceramide PC104/CholE $O_{20}$ mixtures was investigated through the phase behavior studies. The phase diagrams showed the existence of micelle and emulsion regions in both systems. The mixed surfactant system (CholE $O_{20}$/C$_{16}$E $O_{20}$) showed the wider micellar and emulsion regions than the single surfactant system (CholE $O_{20}$). From FT-IR measurements, it was found that the polyoxyethylene (POE) groups of surfactants formed the hydrogen bonds with amido carbonyl group in ceramide PC104. This result indicated that the hydrophilic part (EO) of surfactants could stabilize the lamellar structure and emulsion of ceramide PC104. The mixed surfactant system (CholE $O_{20}$/C$_{16}$E $O_{20}$) resulted in the smaller emulsion droplet size due to the effect of curvature at the interface, thus further increasing emulsion stability. With the penetration of $C_{16}$E $O_{20}$into the interfacial layer of surfactants in emulsion, the curvature of the interface might be altered for the formation of smaller emulsion droplets. The mixed surfactant system could incorporate up to 4 wt. % of ceramide PC104 into emulsion more than single surfactant system.ystem.m.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.330-336
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• 2000

A large number of streptococci that do not fit readily into any of the established classification schemes have been relegated to a large heterogeneous group called the Streptococcus viridans, which are members of the normal flora of the mucous membranes of the body, including the oral cavity, the nasopharynx, and genitourinary tract. This group includes S. mitis, S. oralis, S. sanguis, S. salivarius, S. milleri, etc. Surveying on the literature, it has been reported that infective endocarditis, meningitis, rhabdomyolysis, cholangitis, appendicitis caused by Streptococcus viridans, which were the most important pathogen in children with malignant hematologic disease. Various antibiotics has been chosen for treatment or prophylaxis for these infections, but were generally lower antimicrobial susceptibilities because of an abuse of antibiotics and advent of resistant group. Therefore, surveillant culture must be performed to evaluate personal antimicrobial susceptibilities of intraoral microbes for proper antimicrobial choice for dental procedures. This study examined sampling from subgingival plaque of 60 chidren's microbes. The cultured bacterial isolates, Streptococcus viridans were examined 10 antimicrobial drugs with the Kirby-Bauer agar disk diffusion method. The used drugs were Penicillin, Ampicillin, Oxacillin, Cephalothin, Imipenem, Gentamicin, Erythromycin, Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin. The results were as follows : 1. Sampling Streptococcus viridans were S. mitis(65%), S. oralis(22%), S. sanguis(5%), S. intermedius(3%), S. salivarius(2%), S acidominimus(2%), Unidentified streptococcus(2%). 2. The antimicrobial susceptibility of total Streptococcus viridans : Oxacillin< Erythromycin< Pencillin=Ciprofloxacin< Cephalothin< Ampicillin< Clindamycin< Gentamicin< Imipenem=Vancomycin. 3. The antimicrobial susceptibility of S. mitis : Oxacillin=Erythromycin< Ciprofloxacin< Cephalothin< Penicillin=Ampicillin< Gentamicin< Clidamycin< Imipenem=Vancomycin. 4. The antimicrobial susceptibility of S. oralis : Oxacillin< Erythromycin< Penicillin=Ciprofloxacin=Clindamycin< Cephalothin=Gentamicin< Ampicillin< Imipenem=Vancomycin. 5. There was no significant difference in the antimicrobial susceptibility among each Streptococcus viridans group.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.129-140
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• 1991

Two illite polytypes, 2M1 and 1Md, have been identified from the sericite deposits of the Bobae mine, Kimhae, Kyungsangnam-do. Each polytype has characteristic grain size, chemical composition, and occurrence. 2M1 illite occurs predominantly in the sericitic alteration zone, while 1Md illite occurs predominantly in the propylitic alteration zone, implying that the former was formed in the higher temperature than the latter. Illites can be subdivided into two types based on their crystal sizes;(1) the $\mu\textrm{m}$-sized illite which is below 0.01mm(100$\mu\textrm{m}$) in size and consists of 2M1 and 1Md type, (2) the mm-sized illite which is above 0.01mm in size and consists only of 2M1 type. Especially illite below 1$\mu\textrm{m}$ is premominantly of 1Md type. Therefore, it seems likely that illite crystal size is to some extent related to the polytype. XRD data show that there is no interstratified layer in illites regardless of the crystal size and polytype. Activity of muscovite component of the $\mu\textrm{m}$-sized illite is 0.843 while that of the mm-sized illite is 0.790. However, the latter is more similar to muscovite in crystal structure than the former is. The mm-sized illite has less Al and more Kthan the $\mu\textrm{m}$-sized illite. In both illites, Si contents show a positive relation to octahedral Mg. Fluid inclusion study and mineral association show that the formation temperature of illite is $270-330^{\circ}C$. The major chemical processes leading to the formation of sericitic deposit as well as the alteration zones are the leaching of SiO2 from the country rock and the addition of Al2O3 and K2O into the sericitic ores.