• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.132-157
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• 1983

This study was performed to investigated the flora and vegetation of Kokum-do island from July 1982 thru December 1983; and the findings hereof are summarized as follows: The flora investigated thereform comprises 737 species whih are classified into 128 families, 466 genera, 651 species, 79 varieties and 7 formae; and those which are worthy of close attention among the same include such endemic species of Korea as Celtis choseniana, Corylopsis coreana, Carpinus tschonoskii var. eximia and Tricyrtis dilatata, and a few plants, to be distributed in the north, such as Lilium distichum, Girardinia cuspidata and Orostachys sikokianus. Now that the said island belongs to the warm temperate zone, the distribution thereof consists of 120 species of evergreen plants including 74 species of evergreen broadleaf trees. The rich distribution of evergreen broadleaf trees in the island is thanks to the plantation thereof by the public organizations for scenic beauty. The destruction of flora in this island was caused by felling, fire nization and other human activities around 1940, and in particular, has been correlated with the population densiity of Yonhong-do, Sanghwa-do, and Hahwado islets; and that of top soil and ground vegetation in he quarry area of Ojon-ri town resulted from the collection of natural rocks an stones. It is evaluated as necessary that such evergreen broadleaf trees as Castanopsis cuspidata var. thunbergii, Machillus thunbergii and Ligustrum japonicum of Hyongje-do. Chun-do, Tok-do, Taech'wi-do, and Soch'wi-do islets, andPhyllostachys bambusoides, Caesalpinia japonica and Albizzia julibirssin of Kokum-do island, and Machillus thunbergii of Hongryon-ri town be under protection. The average DGN of the whole archipelago proves to be 5.84, which shows the tendency of the inverse proportion to the number of resident population per unit area. The pteridophyta distributed in this island comprises 39 species, and the coefficient of cryptogam as to the destruction of vegetation shows a high value of 1.4 which is regarded as indicating the diversified distribution of pteridophyta, forestbed shade plants under the forestbeds of some wellpreserved lots of this island. The naturalized plants, distributed in this island, were found out comprising a total of 23 species, and the Urbanization Index(UI) as to the destruction degree of natural vegetatioin shows a low value of 20.9.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2002

This study was performed to observe the effect of hyulbuchukeo-tang and its component groups on recovery of hepatoxicity in alloxan treated rats. The experimental group was divided into 3 groups: hyulbuchukeo-tang(HCT) and its components groups, sayeok-san(H-sa) and dohong-samul-tang (H-do). The results were obtained as follows: 1. The level of Glucose was considerably reduced by HCT, H-sa, H-do with high significancy. 2. In the change of GOT activity, HCT and H-do were decreased with high significancy, H-do was decreased with some significancy. 3. In the change of GPT activity, HCT was decreased with high significancy, H-sa and H-do were decreased with some significancy. 4. In the change of ${\gamma}-GPT$ activity, HCT was decreased with high significancy, H-do was decreased with some significancy. 5. In the change of ALP activity. only HCT was decreased with some significancy. 6. In the change of LDH activity, HCT was decreased with high significancy, H-sa and H-do were decreased with some significancy. 7. In the change of bilirubin contents. only HCT was decreased with some significancy. As result, hyulbuchukeo-tang(HCT) has significant effects on recovery of hepatoxicity, and its components groups. sayeok-san(H-sa) and dohong-samul-tang(H-do) have some effects. It suggests that sayeok-san(H-sa) and dohong-samul-tang(H-do) have more effects on recovery of hepatoxicity in case of the combination of the two (that is hyulbuchukeo-tang) than in case of the separation.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.105-110
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• 2002

J-aggregates in the mutual mixing LB films of [6Me-DS]$_{1-x}$ [DO]$_{x}$,[DS]$_{1-x}$ [DO]$_{x}$ and [DSe]$_{1-x}$ [DO]$_{x}$ have been studied by optical absorption, fluorescence and surface pressure-area isotherms. In [6Me-DS]$_{1-x}$ [DO]$_{x}$ films, sharp J-band absorption and fluorescence of [6Me-DS] are linearly shifted to the longer wavelength for the replacement of [6Me-DS] by [DO]. According to the x, a smooth shift of the limited area has been cleared. In the [DS]-[DO] system, the J-band is enhanced at 1:1 composition and strong fluorescence is also observed. Also, the presence of phase separation was suggested in the [DSe]-[DO] system, because the absorption spectra were decomposed into [DSe] and [DO] spectra. On the other hand, in the pressure-area isothermal study, reduction in the molecular occupying area of monolayers has been clarified. This could be ascribed to the enhancement of molecular ordering in J-aggregates. These facts are also believed to reflect the most closely packed arrangement of chromophores in the merocyanine dye monolayers. Thus, it was confirmed that the interaction between mixed dye molecules and the CdC1$_2$+KHCO$_3$subphases affected the J-aggregates of the LB films. Also. it is thought that the J-aggregates are formed non-dimensionally in LB films, such as solution synthesized [DX:DO] assemblies on mixing.s on mixing.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 1996

A nationwide survey was performed to know the geographical distribution of Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) metacercariae in Korea, by examining the infection status of locally produced oysters, Crassosden gillu. A total of 24 coastal areas (myons) of 14 guns (=counties) in Kyonggi-do, Chollabuk-do, Chollanam-do, Kyongsangnam-do, Kyongsangbuk-do, or Kangwon-do, where natural oysters are produced but G. seoi has never been reported, and 13 areas (myons) of Shinan-gun, Chollanam-do, nearby the known endemic area, were surveyed. Oysters from non- endemic areas were free from G. seoi infection, except Byonsan-myon of Buan-gun, Chollabuk-do, where one of 50 oysters examined was infected with 15 metacercariae of G. seoi. In Shinan-gun, oysters from 10 areas including Aphae-myon (= township) and Anjwa-myon were infected with the metacercariae, with the infection rate ranging from 1.7% to 100% by areas. The intensity of infection was the highest in Aphae-myon, 785.9 metacercariae per oyster. The results indicate that high prevalence of G. seoi is confined to Shinan-gun, but low grade prevalence is also present in adjacent areas such as Buan- gun, Chollabuk-do.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.119-131
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• 2001

Exposure of the human skin to UV-light can cause sun-tanning, photoaging and even photo-carcinogenesis. Melanin is important in protecting the skin against UV damage, but excessive or uneven melanin production can lead to the formation of freckles and aged spot. Control of hyperpigmentation is becoming even more important as aged population continues to grow. These needs led us to develop effective and safe depigmenting-agent, kojyl 3-aminopropyl phosphate (kojyl-APPA), called Whitegen. The development of whitegen was based on the fact that phosphate group of 3-aminopropyl phosphate can make kojic acid more compatible to the skin membrane and more stable. Instability of kojic acid has been a problem in cosmetic use. The insertion of phosphoester group has been recognized as a powerful tool to improve such physical properties as solubility and stability, because the phosphodiester residue is well characterized as a non-toxic moiety, having a high affinity for cell membranes. Kojyl-APPA showed no tyrosinase inhibition effect compared to kojic acid in vitro, but showed tyrosinase inhibition effect in situ. It means that kojyl-APPA is converted to kojic acid enzymatically in cells. Kojyl-APPA showed the inhibitory activity on melanin synthesis in mouse melanoma and normal humal melnaocytes and also showed long-lasting stability in comparison with its original form (kojic acid). Kojyl-APPA showed depigmenting effects when applied to UVB-induced hyperpigmentated region of guinea pig skin. Based on these results, kojyl 3-aminopropyl phosphate can be used as a safe and effective ingredient for the brightness and cleanness of skin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1205-1219
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• 2010

This study analyzes the conditions and products of internet shopping malls that sell natural dyeing products. In this study, 98 natural dyeing internet shopping malls were selected. The results of this study are as follows. The locations of the internet shopping malls were Gyeonggi-do, Seoul, Jeollanam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gwang-ju (city), Daegu (city), Busan (city), Gyeongsangnam-do, and Jeju-do. The most frequent dyes of the natural dyeing products were loess, followed by charcoal, indigo, and persimmon. Indigo was most frequently used in Seoul, with loess and charcoal most frequent in Gyeonggi-do. Persimmon, indigo, loess, and charcoal were mainly used in Jeollanam-do, with persimmon and loess in the Gyeongsangbuk-do, and persimmon in Jeju-do. The highest ordered product categories were accessories, followed by adult clothing, interior decoration products, and bedding. The most frequent products were bedclothes, followed by scarves, female shirts, blouses, pillows, female jackets, and vests. Regarding the price of products, 150,000-200,000 won was the highest for the Saenghwal Hanbok, with 10,000-30,000 won for underwear, 30,000-60,000 won for accessories, and 100,000-150,000 won for bedding. Concerning product information, 58.2% of internet shopping malls offer the product size and almost half of them did not show the properties or directions for handling the product. Based on the research results, the problems of the conditions and products of natural dyeing internet shopping mall were derived. The results show that the natural dyes of internet shopping malls lacked regional symbolism, the products were not specialized, and product information was not fully offered to consumers. To solve these problems, the strategies for marketing the promotion of the natural dyeing internet shopping mall were, ‘Using natural dyes from local resources’, ‘Market oriented and specialized item design’, and ‘Offer right product information’.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.519-526
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• 2006

In this study, the major operating factors in SND(simultaneous nitrification and denitrification) using bioreactor packed with submerged cilia media and granular sulfur such as variation of nitrification rate, organic matter removal efficiency and denitrification efficiency in different DO concentration were mainly evaluated. Synthetic wastewater and actual sewage were used as influent wastewater. Experiment with synthetic wastewater as influent wastewater was divided into three phases with the adjustment of DO concentration. As the results, nitrification efficiency and T-N removal efficiency in the Phase 3(DO 1.0~2.0 mg/L) were 99% and 52.3%, which is significantly greater than those in other two phases. Also, loading rate and denitrification efficiency of SCPGS(Submerged Cilia media Packed with Granular Sulfur) were calculated as $0.44kg\;NO_3^--N/m^3-day$ and 50%, respectively. On the other hand, nitrification rate was decreased from 99% to 64% according to the DO concentration with the variation from 3.0~3.5 mg/L(phase1) to 0.4~0.6mg/L(phase2). Although the nitrification rate was decreased in 64% according to the variation of the DO concentration, T-N removal rate was rapidly increased to 49% by increasing of the denitrification efficiency. Experiment with actual sewage as influent wastewater was carried out to evaluate efficiency of SCPGS in real operation condition of full-scale sewage water treatment plant. At the time, T-N removal rate in this experiment and full-scale wastewater treatment plants were given by 43% and 20%, respectively. The above results indicate that SCPGS can be used as an advanced treatment process for economical efficiency considered.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1078-1085
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• 2018

A salt-tolerant cellulase secreted by a marine Bacillus sp. SR22 strain with wide resistance to temperature and pH was purified and characterized. Its approximate mass was 37 kDa. The endoglucanase, named as Bc22Cel, was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography, and extraction from the gel after non-reducing sodium dodecyl sufate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimal pH value and temperature of Bc22Cel were 6.5 and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. The purified Bc22Cel showed a considerable halophilic property, being able to maintain more than 70% of residual activity even when pre-incubated with 1.5 M NaCl for 1 h. Kinetic analysis of the purified enzyme showed the $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ to be 0.704 mg/ml and $29.85{\mu}mol{\cdot}ml^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$, respectively. Taken together, the present data indicate Bc22Cel as a potential and useful candidate for industrial applications, such as the bioconversion of sugarcane bagasse to its derivatives.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.85-97
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• 1990

This study investigates, through the Ka-rae-ban-cha-do(가예반차도) in the Ka-rae-do-gam­eui-gue (가예도감의궤), how the system of costume used in ceremony exchanged during the middle, late the Yi dynasty and in the period of introducing Wastern civilization. The procedure of the royal marriage is also studied here. The procedures of Ka-rae were divided into the six traditional etiguettes(륙예) : Nap-che (납채) , Nap-gyng(납징), Go-gi(고기), Chaik-bi(책비), Chin-young(친영), and Dong-roe(동뢰). The change of the general structure and characteristic of the costume used in the ceremony in Ka-rae-ban-cha-do are as follows: The costume in Ka-rae-ban-cha-do can be divided into the Guard costume (호위복식) and the Ceremonial arms costume (의장복식). The most formal attire of the Guard costume, Yangkwan-Chobok (양관-조복) and Samo -Danryeong(사모-단령) with Huygpai(흉배) can be seem only in the Ka-rae of late king's. Of the Ceremonial arms costume, the most outstanding was Hongkun- Hongeui (홍건-홍의), which showed up in almost all Ka-rae-ban-cha-do. Heukkun-Changos$\cdot$Deogrei (흑건-창옷$\cdot$더그레) were worn as well. In the style of costume emphasis convenience and practicality rather than on beauty, because they had to carry the arms used in ceremony with them nevertheless by using primary colors it was very colorful. This costume in Ka-rae-ban-cha-do has little difference, but great changes are shown in Sunjongsunjongbi Ka-rae-ban-cha-do (순종순종비가례반차도). Most costume of the past was replaced with western hat and suit, so the duplicate state of our costume and western costume came into existence during the period of introducing western civilization.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.422-430
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• 2017

he objective of this study is to evaluate and analyze Sincheon basin water environment system. The data were collected from 2010 August to 2016 December including BOD, SS, T-N, T-P. The results were as followed. As the result of comparing the amount of BOD generated by pollution sources in the Sincheon water system, industrial was the highest at 33,259.4 kg/day. In comparison with the tributary, it was estimated that Dong-Du water system reveals the highest level of BOD in the industry. Population and livestock was high in CheongDam and Sang-Pae water system. With the inflow stream of Hyo-Chon, Suk-Woo and Sang-Pae, the pollution degree of BOD and T-N level of Sincheon increased and pollution degree of tributary was higher than that of Sincheon's main stream. The main reason of pollutant of Suk-Woo was from untreated wastewater, and it influenced downstream of Suk-Woo. Hyo-Chon stream satisfy the water quality standard, but Zn was designated as a Monitoring contaminants, was high as 14.670 mg/L (standard 0.02~2.45mg/L)because of textile wastewater. And Sang-Pae stream was polluted by livestock wastewater of livestock farms as a nonpoint source.