• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.382-385
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• 1998

Molecular identification and genetic relationships between a phytoplasma associated with chestnut little leaf (CLL) and phytoplasma isolates of other trees in Korea were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These 16S rDNA sequences amplified from the various phytoplasmas were used in DNA heteroduplex mobility assays (HMA). In DNA HMA combined with PCR, the mobility shift was observed for a heteroduoplex formed in combined with CLL and jujube witches broom, but not for those formed in combined with CLL and each of sumac witches broom, paulownia witches broom, and mulberry dwarf. HMA combined with PCR has been shown to be a very useful method for detection and differentiation of phytoplasmas.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

In this study, the status of global advanced air mobility (AAM) was investigated to derive information and communications technologies (ICTs) that should be prepared according to directions of domestic AAM development. AAM is an urban air traffic system for moving from city to city by electric vertical take-off and landing or personal aircraft. It is expected to establish a three-dimensional air traffic system that can solve ground traffic congestion caused by the rapid global urbanization. With the full-scale commercialization of AAM solutions, high-density air traffic is expected, and with the advent of the personal air vehicle (PAV), the flight space usage is expected to expand. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a safe AAM service through early research on core ICTs for autonomous flight.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.3665-3670
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• 2013

The R3V6 peptide includes a hydrophilic arginine stretch and a hydrophobic valine stretch. In previous studies, the R3V6 peptide was evaluated as a gene carrier and was found to have low cytotoxicity. However, the transfection efficiency of R3V6 was lower than that of poly-L-lysine (PLL) in N2A neuroblastoma cells. In this study, the transfection efficiency of R3V6 was improved in combination with high mobility group box 1A domain (HMGA). HMGA is originated from the nuclear protein and has many positively-charged amino acids. Therefore, HMGA binds to DNA via charge interaction. In addition, HMGA has a nuclear localization signal peptide and may increase the delivery efficiency of DNA into the nucleus. The ternary complex with HMGA, R3V6, and DNA was prepared and evaluated as a gene carrier. First, the HMGA/DNA complex was prepared with a negative surface charge. Then, R3V6 was added to the complex to coat the negative charges of the HMGA/DNA complex, forming the ternary complex of HMGA, R3V6, and DNA. A physical characterization study showed that the ternary complex was more stable than the PLL/DNA complex. The HMGA/R3V6/DNA complex had a higher transfection efficiency than the PLL/DNA, HMGA/DNA, or R3V6/DNA complexes in N2A cells. Furthermore, the HMGA/R3V6/DNA complex was not toxic to cells. Therefore, the HMGA/R3V6/DNA complex may be a useful gene delivery carrier.

• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.426-430
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• 1997

The helical periodicity of the triple-stranded $(dT)_n{\cdot}(dA)_n{\cdot}(dT)_n$ sequence was determined by measuring gel-mobilities of bent DNA fragments containing the sequence. In the bent DNA fragments, a $GA_{22}G$ $CT_{22}C$ sequence was located between two bent DNA loci composed of six $A_{6}{\cdot}T_{6}$ repeats. and the DNA length between the bent DNA loci was varied by 1 base pair over a full helical turn. The gel mobility of each bent DNA fragment reflected the overall extent of DNA bending and varied with the DNA length between the two bent loci. Mobilities of the bent DNA fragments in 5% polyacrylamide gel were measured after preincubating the DNA fragments both in the presence and absence of $CT_{22}C$ oligonucleotide. By comparing the bent DNA fragments containing an intermolecular triplex structure with those of a genuine duplex structure in the gel mobilities, the helical periodicity of the $T_n{\cdot}A_n{\cdot}T_n$ triplex DNA was determined to be $11.5({\pm}0.3)bp/turn$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.406-410
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• 2004

Glyoxal or methylglyoxal was incubated with catalase in 0.24 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37$^{\circ}C$. Dicarbonyls modify and inactivate catalase. Plasmid DNA that is directly incubated with glycation propagators, glyoxal and methylglyoxal, showed different DNA mobility shift compared to nomal plasmid DNA. When plasmid DNA is added in Fenton reaction with glycated catalase, plasmid DNA was significantly strand broken and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine production was time dependently increased. These results suggest that glycation of antioxidant is synergistic effect to oxidative stress.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 1997

The effect of the binding of CRP to the symmetrically synthetic 22, 28, and 30 bp lac promoter was investigated by 1H NMR. The binding of cAMP*CRP to the 22 bp DNA did not bring about any changes in the chemical shift values, but did cause selective line broadening of imino proton resonances of specific base pairs. However, The binding of cAMP*CRP to the 28 and 30 bp DNA brought about large changes on the imino proton resonances that seems to be induced by DNA bending. We studied also the role of cAMP as an activator of DNA/CRP complex formation by gel mobility shift assay. Gel mobility shift assay revealed that the cAMP*CRP complex was not able to bind to the 22 bp DNA fragment, but was able to bind to the 28 bp DNA fragment of lac promoter region.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.553-556
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• 1993

Soybean nuclear extracts were prepared to examine the expression of SEF3 (soybean embryo factors 3), which binds to the upstream region of soybean ${\beta}-conglycinin$ ${\alpha}'$ subunit gene and is presumed to be a trans-acting factor for the expression of the gene. The relative levels of SEF3 binding activity in nuclear extracts of maturing soybean embryos were determined using the SE3 DNA probe containing two AACCCA hexanucleotides for gel mobility shift assay. The SEF3 activity increased in developing embryos from 16 to 32 days after pollination, whereas the mobility of the SE3-SE3-SEF3 complex decreased. The mobility of the complex was increased by the treatment of nuclear extracts with alkaline phosphatese, which could be inhibited by phosphate. Formation of the SE3-SEF3 complex was not affected by the binding buffer pH between 6.8 and 8.5.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.575-580
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• 2008

Thymocyte-specific transcriptional regulatory systems can be used to better understand the relationship between transcription and V(D)J recombination during early T cell development. In this study, we generated transgenic mice expressing the transactivator Gal4-VP16 or the Gal4 DNA binding domain (Gal4-DBD) under the control of the lck proximal promoter, which is only active in immature thymocytes. From these studies Gal4-VP16 and Gal4-DBD expression was shown to significantly alter thymic cellularity and differentiation without significantly changing the $CD3^+$ thymocyte distribution. Furthermore, the presence of Gal4-VP16 or Gal4-DBD in the transgenic thymocytes retarded the mobility of the Gal4 DNA binding motif as determined by a gel mobility shift assay, suggesting that the developmental alteration did not affect the functional property of the transgenic proteins. These results indicated that lck promoter-driven Gal4-VP16 or Gal4-DBD expression did not affect $CD3^+$ mature thymocytes, thus this system can be applied to study transcriptional regulation of transresponder genes in bigenic mouse model thymocytes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.2655-2660
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• 2009

A breed of cattle, i.e., Korean cattle (Hanwoo), was identified based on the DNA mobilities of their microsatellites (MSs) by capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) with a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detector. The MS markers were used for the accurate identification of species-specific genes. The DNA mobilities of the MS markers of Hanwoo and Holstein were measured using a CGE system with a fused-silica capillary (inner diameter of 75 ${\mu}m$, outer diameter of 365 ${\mu}m$, and total length of 50 cm). The capillary was dynamically coated with 1.0% (w/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone ($M_r$ = 1,000,000) and then filled with a mixture of 1.3% (w/v) poly(ethylene oxide) ($M_r$ = 600,000) and 1.9% (w/v) poly(ethylene oxide) (Mr = 8,000,000) as a sieving gel matrix. The species-specific genes of Hanwoo and Holstein were clearly distinguished within 33 min. This CGE assay technique is expected to be a useful analytical method for the fast and accurate identification of breeds of cattle.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.744-749
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• 2010

The aim of this work was to determine whether intrinsically bent DNA sites are present at, or close to, the mammalian replication origins oriGNAI3 and oriB in the Chinese hamster AMPD2 locus. Using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and in silico analysis, we located four intrinsically bent DNA sites (b1 to b4) in a fragment that contains the oriGNAI3 and one site (b5) proximal to oriB. The helical parameters show that each bent DNA site is curved in a left-handed superhelical writhe. A 2D projection of 3D fragment trajectories revealed that oriGNAI3 is located in a relatively straight segment flanked by bent sites b1 and b2, which map in previously identified Scaffold/Matrix Attachment Region. Sites b3 and b4 are located approximately 2 kb downstream and force the fragment into a strong closed loop structure. The b5 site is also located in an S/MAR that is found just downstream of oriB.