• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.330-338
• /
• 2017

Background: Ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) is a ginseng saponin that is widely investigated because of its remarkable antitumor activity. However, the molecular mechanism by which (20S) G-Rh2 triggers its functions and how target animals avoid its cytotoxic action remains largely unknown. Methods: Phage display was used to screen the human targets of (20S) G-Rh2. Fluorescence spectroscopy and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy were used to confirm the interaction of candidate target proteins and (20S) G-Rh2. Molecular docking was utilized to calculate the estimated free energy of binding and to structurally visualize their interactions. MTT assay and immunoblotting were used to assess whether human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and bovine serum can reduce the cytotoxic activity of (20S) G-Rh2 in HepG2 cells. Results: In phage display, (20S) G-Rh2-beads and (20R) G-Rh2-beads were combined with numerous kinds of phages, and a total of 111 different human complementary DNAs (cDNA) were identified, including HSA which had the highest rate. The binding constant and number of binding site in the interaction between (20S)-Rh2 and HSA were $3.5{\times}10^5M^{-1}$ and 1, and those in the interaction between (20S) G-Rh2 and BSA were $1.4{\times}10^5M^{-1}$ and 1. The quenching mechanism is static quenching. HSA, BSA and bovine serum significantly reduced the proapoptotic effect of (20S) G-Rh2. Conclusion: HSA and BSA interact with (20S) G-Rh2. Serum inhibited the activity of (20S) G-Rh2 mainly due to the interaction between (20S) G-Rh2 and serum albumin (SA). This study proposes that HSA may enhance (20S) G-Rh2 water solubility, and thus might be used as nanoparticles in the (20S) G-Rh2 delivery process.

• Journal of Photoscience
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.213-216
• /
• 2002

Skin pigmentation, also known as complexion coloration, results from the biosynthesis of melanin within the melanocytes of the Stratum basalum and the subsequent transfer, translocation, and degradation of this pigment to, in, and by the neighboring keratinocytes respectively, Melanins are produced and retained in melanosomes synthesized in the cell body that are translocated along the dendrites using microtubules via motor proteins. Melanosomes are eventually captured and retained at the tips of dendrites by attachment to the peripherally localized actin. Melanosomes reaching the dendritic tips are transferred to keratinocytes, primarily via phagocytosis of released melanosomes by keratinocytes. Molecules responsible for cell/cell recognition and interaction that regulate transfer are being identified. Some of these putative mediators appear to be affected by ultraviolet radiation. After the keratinocytes receive melanosomes, the granules are distributed individually or as clusters in dark versus light skin respectively. These melanosomes are then aggregated over the nucleus for photoprotection ofkeratinocyte DNA and eventually degraded.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
• /
• 2004.06a
• /
• pp.189-189
• /
• 2004

Histone acetylation as epigenetic marker plays a critical role in gene expression through the interaction of nucleosomes with DNA, modulating the efficiency which RNA-polymerase can interact with promotors to initiate transcription. After fertilization, highly acetylated chromatin takes place and maintain during 1cell stages. The hyperacetylation may lead minor genome activation for survival and cleavage, and then may affect embryonic genome activation and development to balstocyst. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
• /
• 2004.06a
• /
• pp.187-193
• /
• 2004

This paper covers the basic principles of the AFM and how these systems may be used to image biological materials and measure particle-surface interactions in process environments. e.g. visualize molecules and structure on surfaces in aqueous environments, measure forces of interaction of proteins and DNA, biosurface and cells. Examples of work include applications biological spore control agents control systems, process materials selection for example appropriate filters for biological processing, mechanical properties and bio-surface engineering.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.97-99
• /
• 2000

Allergy to Brassica pollen has been reported in some countries. We have cloned a cDNA encoding a Brassica pollen allergen, Bra r 1. Bra r 1 belongs to a new family of $Ca^{2+}$-binding proteins, characterized by the presence of two EF-hand calcium-binding domains. Bra r 1 was detected in the tapetum, microspores, pollen coat and pollen tubes, indicating Bra r 1 is involved in pollen pistil interaction and pollen tube growth. We have engineered the hypoallergenic mutants of Bra r 1 for immunotherapy. Here we describe the review of molecular characterization of Bra r 1.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.19 no.10
• /
• pp.1103-1108
• /
• 2009

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-l protein Tat acts as a transcription transactivator that stimulates expression of the infected viral genome. It is released from infected cells and can similarly affect neighboring cells. The nucleocapsid is an important protein that has a related significant role in early mRNA expression, and which contributes to the rapid viral replication that occurs during HIV-1 infection. To investigate the interaction between the Tat and nucleocapsid proteins, we utilized cDNA micro arrays using pTat and flag NC cotransfection in HEK 293T cells and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to validate the micro array data. Four upregulated genes and nine downregulated genes were selected as candidate genes. Gene ontology analysis was conducted to define the biological process of the input genes. A proteomic approach using PathwayStudio determined the relationship between Tat and nucleocapsid; two automatically built pathways represented the interactions between the upregulated and downregulated genes. The results indicate that the up- and downregulated genes regulate HIV-1 replication and proliferation, and viral entry.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.305-311
• /
• 2007

cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) is the best-characterized protein kinases and has served as a model of the structure and regulation of cAMP-binding protein as well as of protein kinases. To determine the function of PKA in development, we employed the yeast two-hybrid system to screen for catalytic subunit of PKA $(C\alpha)$ interacting partners in a cDNA library from mouse embryo. A Testis-brain RNA-binding protein (TB-RBP), specifically bound to $C\alpha$. This interaction was verified by several biochemical analysis. Our findings indicate that $C\alpha$ can modulate nucleic acid binding proteins of TB-RBP and provide insights into the diverse role of PKA.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2017

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) plays an important role in the development of bone and cartilage. It is involved in the hedgehog pathway, TGF beta signaling pathway, and in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. It is involved also in cardiac cell differentiation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. In this study, We expressed human BMP2 (hBMP2) recombinant protein using Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS) in Sf9 insect cells. The hBMP2 cDNA was cloned into baculovirus transfer vector, pBacgus-4x-1 and recombinant baculovirus was screened out through X-gal and GUS-fusions assay. Western blot analysis shown that molecular weight of hBMP2 recombinant protein was about 44.71 kDa.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.195-195
• /
• 2001

The inhibitory potentials of TCAs (imipramine, desipramine, amitriptyline, and nortriptyline) on phenytoin p-hydroxylation and probe metabolic pathways of each CYP isoforms were evaluated from incubation studies of human liver microsomes and cDNA-expressed cytochrome P450s in vitro in order to understand the mechanism of drug interaction between TCAs and phenytoin, a substrate of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2016.05a
• /
• pp.189-190
• /
• 2016

바이러스는 RNA나 DNA의 유전물질과 그것을 둘러싸고 있는 최소한의 단백질들만으로 구성되어 있기 때문에 바이러스가 증식하기 위해서는 숙주세포에 침투하여 전적으로 숙주의 복제 기구를 이용해야만 한다. 하지만 아직까지 뎅기 바이러스의 감염 및 복제 기전은 명확하게 밝혀지지 않았다. 이에 본 연구에서는 바이러스의 감염 및 복제기전에 대한 유용한 정보를 도출하기 위하여 사람 단백질과 뎅기 바이러스 단백질의 상호작용(Hu-DV PPI) 네트워크를 분석하였다. 우선 문헌조사를 통하여 실험적으로 검증된 뎅기 바이러스 단백질(9개)과 상호작용하는 사람 단백질(149개)을 추출하였으며, 이 정보를 이용하여 사람-뎅기 바이러스 단백질 상호작용 네트워크를 구축하였다. 이 네트워크를 기반으로 바이러스 감염 전/후의 네트워크 구조 및 특성을 분석하였으며, 이 정보를 바탕으로 감염경로를 탐색하였다.