• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1723-1728
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• 2007

Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCM), a type of red raspberry, grows wild in Korea and China and its unripe fruit is used as a folk medicine for the treatment of impotence and as a diuretic. RCM was extracted with methanol and then further fractionated it into for different types. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of a RCM extract (ext.) and its fraction (fr.). DPPH free radical scavenging activity assay, total polyphenols contents, total flavonoids contents assay were used to analyze antioxidant activity. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity $(RC_{50}:1.67{\mu}g/ml)$ and total polyphenols contents $(546.25{\mu}g/mg)$ were higher in butanol fraction than in other fr. And total flavonoids contents was higher in ethylacetate fr. $(141.78{\mu}g/mg)$. We applied comet assay to measure the DNA damage in the individual cells and exposed time course at $IC_{50}$. Comet assay is a rapid and sensitive fluorescent microscopic method to examine DNA damage and repair at individual cell level. The butanol fro from RCM significantly induced 54.12%, 57.95% of DNA damage after treated RCM for 8 hr. In conclus

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 1971

In this report, an experiment has been conducted to test the quantitative changes of nucleic acids in the nuclei of the epidermal cell of the galls, caused by Eriophyes kuko Kishida on the leaf of Lycium chinense Mill by means o( microspectrophotometric techniques, the two-wave-length methods. And the sizes of the epidermal cells and nuclei have been measured. The experimental results were summarized as follows: 1) It has been found that as the gall grows, the diameter of the epidermal cells and their nuclei increased and they were larger than those of tile healthy ones. 2) Microspectrophotometric measurement of nuclei by the 'Two-wave-length method' after staining with Feulgen reagent showed no changes in DNA content in the early stage of the gall. As the gall matured, however, DNA content of the gall increased more than that of the healthy leaf. 3) RNA-measurement of nuclei stained with Azur-B in DNase treated epidermal cells of the gall revealed that temporary increase in RNA content occurred in early to middle stages after the gall formation. As the gall matured, however, RNA content of the gall decreased more as against that of the healthy leaf.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1988

The effect of maternal low protein diets during gestation and lactation on growth and development of young rats was investigated. Pregnant and/or lactating rats were fed the diet containing 20% or 11.7%casein. DNA, RNA and total protein were determined in liver, muscle and brain of 21-day-old young rats and lipid contents and acetylcholinesterase activity in brain. Body and organ weight of young rats were measured. DNA, RNA and protein contents of liver, muscle and brain of young rats were less in maternal low protein group than that of control group. Total lipid and cholesterol contents in brain were less(p<0.01) in low protein group than that of control group than that of control group. And also brain acety;cholnesterase activity of low protein group was significantly (p<0.01) lower than those of control group, but their each organ weight ratios in relation to body weight was higher than that of control group. It could be suggested that the maternal low protein during gestation and lactation has influenced on cell number, cell size, protein content, brain lipid content and acetyl-cholinesterase activity of the offsprings.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.5
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• pp.23-31
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• 1964

Six species of marine shell-fishes were subjects in this study. The content of RNA and DNA in mid-intestinal glands (liver) was determined and RNA was also extracted from above materials by phenol method and their nucleotide compositions were analysed by ion exchange column chromatography. C; citidylic acid, A; adenylic acid, G; guanylic acid, U; uridylic acid, Pu; purine nucleotide, Py; pyrimidine nucleotide 1) Their RNA and DNA content was summarized in the next table.(mg/100mg of lipid free powder) Materials RNA DNA RNA/DNA Meretrix meretrix Susoria (Gmelin) 6.82 0.82 6.5 Anadara(scapharea) inflata(Reeve) 4.62 0.70 6.6 Ostrea(crassostrea) gigas Thunberg 8.74 1.03 8.5 Turbo cornutus Solander 2.16 0.60 3.6 Haliotis gigantea Gmelin 7.02 0.22 36.0 2) Their RNA nucleatide compositions was summaries in following tabe. Materials/RNA nucleotide G+C/A+U G+U/A+C Pu/Py Meretrix meretrix Susoria(Gmelin) 1.12 1.36 1.08 Venerupis philippinarum (Adoms et Reeve) 1.15 1.31 1.13 Anadara(scapharea) inflata(Reeve) 0.97 1.26 1.02 Ostrea (crassostrea) gigas Thunberg 1.51 1.34 1.31 Turbo cornutus Solander 1.37 1.29 1.03 Haliotis gigantea Gmelin 1.33 1.46 1.22 In six species of marine fishes examined, Pu/Py and G+C/A+U ratios of RNA vary in respective wide ranges of 1.02-1.31, 0.97-1.51, while G+U/A+C ratio in the range of 1.26-1.46, not far from 1.3. This G+U/A+C ratio seems to be specific in this species.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.277-287
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was performed to compare total phenolic contents, in vitro antioxidant capacity, and reduction effect of Korean food groups on ex vivo DNA damage in human cells and analyze correlations between each indicator. Methods: Vegetable foods in the Korean diet based the results of the KNHANES V-2 (2011) were classified into 10 food groups: cereals, fruits, vegetables, nuts, kimchi, seaweeds, potatoes, mushrooms, legumes, and oils. Eighty-four foods constituted more than 1% of the total intake in each food group and finally designated as vegetable foods in the Korean diet. Total phenolic content of each food group was measured. Further, in vitro antioxidant capacity was measured based on DPPH radical scavenging assay, TEAC assay, and $ORAC_{ROO{\cdot}}$ assay. Ex vivo DNA damage in human lymphocytes was assessed using comet assay. Results: Total phenolic contents of food groups of the Korean diet increased in the order of mushrooms, fruits, vegetables, seaweeds, and kimchi. Meanwhile, antioxidant rankings of food groups as mean values from the three in vitro test methods increased in the order of mushrooms, seaweeds, vegetables, kimchi, and fruits. Protection against ex vivo DNA damage in human lymphocytes was highest in mushrooms, followed by vegetables, fruits, seaweeds, and kimchi. The rankings of the food groups for total phenolic content, in vitro DAC, and ex vivo DNA protection activity were similar, and correlations between each indicator were significantly high. Conclusion: Mushrooms, fruits, vegetables, and seaweeds among the tested food groups in the Korean diet showed high total phenolic contents, in vitro antioxidant capacities, and protection against DNA damage. Correlations between each indicator in terms of total phenolic content, in vitro antioxidant capacity, and ex vivo DNA protection between each food group were found to be particularly high.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.241-247
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• 1996

Poor yields of amplified DNAs could be resulted in polymerase chain reaction(PCR) processes with G+C-rich DNA primers because of their high $T_m$ values. To maximize the yields of amplification in PCR processes with G+C-rich primers, we compared the yields of amplified DNA fragments according to the concentrations of specific denaturants added to the reaction mixture of PCR system. With addition of the mixture of 2.5% glycerol and 1.25% formamide, or 2.5% dimethyl sulfoxide to the reaction cocktail, respectively, remarkable increases in the yields of amplified DNA fragments were not observed in the PCR systems with G+C-low primers of Lyl chromosomal gene from Borrelia burgdorferi but observed in the PCR system with G+C- ich primers of Is900 gene from Mycobacterium parahberculosis. Although we were not practically able to discriminate the yields of PCR DNAs according to the concentrations used in this study, addition of the mixture of 5% glycerol and 2.5% formamide, or 5% DMSO tended to increase the production of extra bands.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.37-37
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• 2001

포유동물의 정자형성과정 (spermatogenesis) 은 유사분열과 감수분열이 동시에 일어나는 매우 복잡하지만, 효율적으로 생식세포를 증식, 분화시키는 시스템이다 정상적인 spermatogenesis가 일어나는 testis에서는 haploid (IN), diploid (2N), 그리고 tetraploid(4N)과 같은 핵형을 갖는 세포들이 일정한 비율로 존재한다. DNA flow cytometry(DNA FCM) 는 세포의 핵형(ploidy)을 신속·정확하게 측정하여, 1N, 2N 그리고 4N에 대한 비율을 예측할 수 있어서, 생식세포를 포함한 다양한 유형의 세포주기를 분석하는데 적용되어져 왔다. 세포주기 분석법 중 이와 같은 FCM이외에, flow cytometer와 static image cytometer를 결합시켜 새롭게 고안된 laser scanning cytometer (LSC)가 있다. 그리고, 이제까지 LSC를 사용한 spermatogenesis에 관한 연구에 대해서는 보고된 바가 없다. 본 실험은 설치류에 있어 각기 다른 발달단계에 있는 정상적인 정소세포를 분리하여 PI (propidium iodide) 로 DNA를 염색한 후, DNA함량을 LSC로 분석하였다. 이것을 FCM에 의한 정소세포의 DNA분석과 비교·검토하였으며, 이 방법을 정상적인 spermatogenesis 가 일어나지 않는 동물시스템에 적용시켰다. 생식세포를 소멸시키기 위해 항암제인 busulfan과 비타민 A를 결핍시켜 이것이 세포주기의 어떤 시점에서 어떻게 작용하여, 생식세포를 소멸시키는지 알아보았다. 위의 실험·분석결과로부터 LSC를 사용한 DNA함량과 핵형의 결정은 FCM과 동일한 수준의 정확성을 제시하였다. busulfan 또는 비타민 A의 결손은 살아있는 세포의 80% 이상이 2N의 핵형에 해당하는 G0/G1 기에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 1N:2N 및 4N:2N의 핵형비율의 변화를 가져왔다. 이러한 자극은 생식세포주기제어에 관여하며, 생식세포가 증폭하고 분화로 들어가는 단계를 차단, G0/G1 기에서 정체(arrest)되는 것으로 시사된다.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.177-189
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• 2016

This study was conducted to verify the relationships between the expression values of stress-related markers and their production performances in 25 strains of Korean domestic chicken breeds. For stress response markers, the amount of telomeric DNA; expression levels of heat shock protein (HSP)-70, $HSP-90{\alpha}$, and $HSP-90{\beta}$; and comet scores were analyzed. Production performances were measured by the survival rate, body weights, days at first egg laying, egg weight and hen housed egg production. The results showed that the production traits and values of stress-related markers showed significant differences between strains. In general, the stress response of pure bred chickens with heavy weights was relatively high, while that of hybrid chickens with light weights was relatively low. The correlation coefficients between telomere contents and body weights showed that there were weak negative relationships. However, the correlations of telomere content with the survival rate and egg production were weakly positive after 20 weeks old. The expression levels of HSP genes and DNA damage rate (comet scores) were positively correlated to body weight, but were negatively correlated to the survival rate and egg production. The results implied that increasing body weight was associated with increasing HSPs expression and the DNA damage rate was associated with decreasing telomere content. In addition, increasing HSPs expression and the DNA damage rate decreased the survival rate and egg production, but the relationships with the telomere content was the reverse. Correlations among the stress-related markers showed that there were significant correlation coefficients between all of the marker values. HSPs expression was negatively correlated to the telomere content, while it was positively correlated to the DNA damage rate. There was a highly negative correlation between the telomere content and DNA damage rate. In conclusion, increasing the HSP values and DNA damage rate can promote telomere reduction, which led to a decrease in disease resistance and robustness of the chicken. Thus, increasing the stress response was verified to adversely affect the laying performance and viability of chickens.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.13-15
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• 2004

Telomeres are the end of chromosomes and consist of a tandem repeat sequence of (TTAGGG)n and associated proteins. Telomeres are essential for chromosome stability and are related with cell senescence and apoptosis. This study was carried out to analyze the amount of telomeric DNA of chicken lymphocytes, which is to considered as bio-marker. The amount of telomeric DNA of lymphocytes in Korean Native Chicken and White Leghorn was analyzed by quantitative-fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH) technique using the chicken telomeric DNA probe. Telomere quantifies were compared among breeds, ages and sex, and the relationship between the amount of telomeres and their productive trait was also analyzed. Comparing the amount of telomeric DNA on lymphocytes during growing period, the amount of telomeres was gradually decreased as growing older. The telomere quantity was also significantly different in breeds and sex. Estimating correlation coefficient, the amount of telomeres was positively correlated to sexual maturity and body weight but negatively correlated to hen day egg production and egg weight. These results implicate the telomere quantity is considered as an individual bio-marker.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.193-196
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• 2000

Rhynchocypris oxycephalus and R. steindachneri show very similar karyotypes: 2n=50(EN=90), consisting of 12 metacentics, 28 submetacentrics and 10 acrocentrics with a gradual decrease in chromosome size, but with significant differences in nuclear DNA content of 2.64 and 2.52 pg/nucleus, respectively (P<0.05). Although the erythrocyte measurement and parameters of two species were similar, R. oxycephalus erythrocyte number was lower than that of R. steindachneri. Mode in karyological evolution within the genus Rhychocypris shows an increase of nuclear DNA without apparent changes in karyotype and erhthrocyte size.