• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.397-402
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• 1992

The cDNA of RNA segment coding for VP7 of human rotavirus isolated from patient's stool at Seoul area was synthesized, amplified by polymerase chain reaction, field in with Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I and cloned into pUC19. The cDNA sequence was determined and compared with that of VP7 coding RNA segments of group A rotaviruses isolates in foreign country. Over 90% sequence homology was found with serotyppe I sepcific WA1 and RE9 strains. Comparative analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences within the two variable regions (amino acid residue 87 through 101 and 208 through 221) with WA1 and RE9 strains also showed high degree of sequence similarity with each other.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

To elucidate the apoptosis mechanism of Trichoplusia ni cell, fundamental studies for apoptosis induction and suppression were performed. Hygromycin B, a known inducer of apoptosis, started the inhibition of T. ni cell growth at $200\;{\mu}/ml$ concentration. Furthermore, at $400\;{\mu}/ml$ concentration, DNA fragmentation was detected on day 2 of incubation. Although both dexamethasone and sodium butyrate inhibited T. ni cell growth, DNA fragmentation was not detected by both treatments. Also, when apoptosis induced T. ni cells with $200\;{\mu}/ml$ hygromycin B were treated with caspase inhibitor (Ac-DEVD-CHO), the apoptotsis was suppressed by 36%. In addition, N-acetylcysteine, another apoptosis repressor, also inhibited the apoptosis of T. ni cells. In order to express the anti-apoptosis gene (bcl-2), T. ni cells were transiently transformed with bcl-2 and its expression was confirmed by western blot analysis. These results showed the potential of developing new insect cell lines with suppressed apoptosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2008

This study analyzes the apoptosis of HeLa cells to see if we can use the Artemisia capillaris Thunberg for the prevention of chronic degenerative diseases. We used the HeLa cells to see what effects the A. capillaris Thunberg had on apoptosis of the cancer cells. We checked the cell activity, cell morphological change, DNA fragmentation, and DNA content after administering 0, 100, 500, 1000, and $2000{\mu}g/ml$ methanol, ethyl acetate, n-butanol extract of the A. capillaris Thunberg. As for the cell viability, the increase of concentration of methanol and ethyl acetate decreased the survival rate of the cell, but the phenomenon was much weakened in n-butanol extract and was not observed in aqueous extract. The higher the density of the methanol, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous extract was, the lower the survival rate of the HeLa cell was. These extracts obstructed the cell cohesion and caused the blebbing of he cell membrane and fragmentation of the nucleus, both of which are symptoms of apoptosis. Laddering-pattern DNA fragmentation was observed in the groups that were treated with the $1000{\mu}g/ml$ and $2000{\mu}g/ml$ of methanol extract. The DNA content of the cells apoptosis measured by fluorescent-activated cell sorter (FACS) increased as the density of the methanol, ethyl acetate and butanol extract increased. The result of the study shows that A. capillaris Thunberg fosters the apoptosis of HeLa cells, which suggests that the A. capillaris Thunberg has a great potential value as food additives, medicinal supplements for patients with chronic diseases, and preventive measures against cancer.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 1998

The apoptosis-inducing activity of ursolic acid (UA) was examined in mouse F9 teratocarcinoma cells on the bases of biochemical and morphological characteeristics. UA, pentacyclic trierpene acid, exhibits antitumor activities including inhibition of skin tumorigenesis, induction of tumor cell differentiation and antitumor promotion. Treatment with UA showed that the decrease of cell viability was dose-dependent. UA also induced genomic DNA fragmetation, a hallmark of apoptosis, indicating that the mechanism of UA-induced F9 cell death was through apoptosis. When the morphology of the F9 cells was examined by electron microscopy, the cells treated with UA showed the charcteristic morphological features of apoptosis such as chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. DNA fragmentations by UA were inhibired by cycloheximide, which suggest that de novo protein synthesis was required for DNA fragmentation by UA. Inaddition, the expression of c-jun was increased, but those of c-myc and laminin B1 were decreased during apoptosis induced by UA in F9 cells. These results suggest that UA causes an apoptosis in F9 cells. Further, the increased expression of c-jun may be involved in the UA-induced apoptosis of f9 cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.1 s.81
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• pp.64-69
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• 2007

In the present study, we have investigated the effect of fisetin on the apoptosis and DNA single strand breaks in ultraviolet light B (UVB)-exposed NIH3T3 cells. Exposure of cells to UVB light $(200J/m^2)$ and post-incubation in growth medium for 48 hr resulted in about 50% of cells with apoptotic nuclear fragmentation. Addition of various concentrations of fisetin in the postincubation medium, however, significantly reduced the apoptotic nuclear fragmentation as compared with the values expected when the effects are additive and independent. DNA single strand breaks induced by UVB exposure were also significantly decreased by postincubation with fisetin. By Western blot analysis, fisetin post-incubation was shown to attenuate the p53 upregulation upon UVB exposure. Furthermore, the decrease of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) level upon UVB exposure was alleviated by fisetin postincubation. These results suggest that fisetin decrease the apoptosis and increae DNA repair in a possible association with alteration of p53 and PCNA levels in UVB-exposed cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2013

The present study aimed to investigate effects of ethanol extracts from Hydropsyche kozhantschikovi on cell and DNA damage caused by oxidative stress. In a radical scavenging assay, compared with ascorbic acid used as a control, the level of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and that of hydroxyl radicals in H. kozhantschikovi extracts were 60.0% and 43.7%, respectively. The ferrous iron chelating level was 37.5% compared to the chelating value of EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) as a positive control at the same concentration. To verify inhibitory effects of oxidative cell damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), the relative level of lipid peroxidation and the expression level of the p21 protein were compared in extracts-treated and untreated groups. Lipid peroxidation was completely inhibited in the extracts-treated group compared with the radical-only treated group. The level of p21 protein expression was restored to 92.2% of p21 protein expression in the control sample. In addition, DNA cleavage inhibition in the H. kozhantschikovi extracts was 74.1% compared with that of the control group, suggesting that H. kozhantschikovi extracts repress DNA cleavage induced by ROS. Moreover, the phosphorylation ratio of the H2AX protein was 16.7% in the radical-treated group, indicating that the ethanol extracts inhibited 83.3% of DNA damage. Our findings suggest that ethanol extracts from H. kozhantschikovi are effective not only in repressing the oxidation of free radicals and highly toxic hydroxyl radicals, but also in decreasing cell and DNA damage caused by oxidative stress.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1078-1084
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• 2014

Here, we showed that Acanthocoris sordidus extract inhibited both cell and DNA damage caused by oxidative stress. In a radical scavenging assay, the scavenging activity of the A. sordidus extract against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals was 48.9% and 37.8%, respectively, that of ascorbic acid, which was used as a positive control. The ferrous iron chelating activity of the A. sordidus extract was 80.0% compared to that when ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was used a control. To verify the inhibitory effect of the extract on oxidative cell damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), a lipid peroxidation assay was performed. The results showed that peroxidation was completely inhibited in an extract-treated group compared to a radical-treated group. The level of p21 protein expression was 68.1% that of a control sample. The DNA cleavage-inhibiting property of the A. sordidus extract-treated group was 53.3% that of a control group. Moreover, the phosphorylation of the H2AX protein was reduced to 39.0% of that treated with radical agents, indicating that the extract might inhibit the DNA damage that causes radical oxidation. Taken together, our findings suggest that the A. sordidus extract is effective not only in repressing oxidation by free oxygen radicals and hydroxyl radicals but also in decreasing cell and DNA damage caused by oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.23-36
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• 2011

목적 : 이 연구는 관절 및 심혈관계 질환 치료에 사용되는 송절(松節)(Pinus densiflora Gnarl)을 약침용 시료로 조제하여 본 약물의 항산화 효능을 규명하고자 하였으며 이를 다양한 시스템에서 검토하였다. 방법 : $FeCl_2$-ascorbic acid system에서 흰쥐 간조직의 지질과산화 반응을 관찰하였고, Fenton reaction system에서 자유기에 의한 plasmid DNA 분절을 유도하였다. 또한 deoxyribose assay를 통해 hydroxyl radical 소거능을 관찰하였고, NBT reduction assay로 superoxide radical 소거능을 검토하였다. 또한 human low-density lipoprotein(LDL)의 산화를 유도하기 위해 $CuSO_4$와 AAPH를 사용하였으며 relative electrophoretic mobility (REM) assay로 LDL 산화 억제 효능을 대조 항산화물질과 비교 검토하였다. 결과 : 송절 약침액은 자유기에 의한 간조직의 지질과산화(p < 0.01)및 DNA 분절을 현저하게 억제하였으며, hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical (p < 0.01), nitric oxide 및 peroxynitrite를 강하게 소거하였다. 또한 $CuSO_4$ ($IC_{50}=9.2{\pm}0.2\;{\mu}g/ml$)와 AAPH ($IC_{50}=34.8{\pm}5.1\;{\mu}g/ml$)에 의해 유도된 human LDL의 산화를 억제하였고, REM assay에서도 산화 억제 효능을 재확인할 수 있었다. 결론 : 송절 약침액은 활성산소종 및 활성질소종를 소거하였고, 지질과산화를 억제하였으며, 특히 human LDL의 산화적 손상을 방어하였다. 이에 본 약물은 자유기에 의한 심혈관의 산화적 손상을 효과적으로 보호할 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2003

Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium that causes the disease anthrax. In order to develop a DNA marker specific for Bacillus anthracis and to discriminate this species from Bacillus cereus group, we applied the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR technique to a collection of 29 strains of the genus Bacillus, including 22 species of the B. cereus group. A 709-bp RAPD marker (KHT5) specific for B. anthracis was obtained from B. anthracis BAK. The PCR product of internal primer set from the KHT5 fragment distinguished B. anthracis from the other species of the B. cereus group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1074-1077
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• 2004

The effect of gradient eluted fractions from Et$_2$O extracts of Polyporus umbellatus screlotium was investigated on the viability of leukemia cell lines, K-562, L-1210, HL-60 and U-937 cells. Among those fractions, fraction 2 showed mild cytotoxic effect on L-1210 and HL-60 cells. Fraction 3 showed cytotoxic effect on 4 cell lines, and cytotoxic effect was the most potent on L-1210. The hallmark of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, also appeared by fraction 3 on L-1210 after 48 hr treatment. Furthermore, this fraction was shown to be able to induce cell death on L-1210 cells by the inhibition of DNA synthesis in [$^3$H]thymidine incorporation test. From these results, P. umbellatus involves a potent chemical component that inhibits the viability of leukemia cell lines, L-1210. Further studies about the components of fraction 3 to function as a apoptosis inducer are necessary.