• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.325-332
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• 2015

Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is now the second largest oilseed crop after soybean. Cold temperature tolerance is an important agronomic trait in winter rapeseed that determines the plant's ability to control below freezing temperatures. To improve cold tolerance of rapeseed plants, an expression vector containing an Barley Ice recrystallization inhibition protein (HvIRIP) cDNA driven by a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was transferred into rapeseed plants. Transgenic expression of HvIRIP was proved by southern- and northern-blot analyses. The level of freezing tolerance of transgenic $T_3$ plants was found to be significantly greater than that of wild-type rapeseed plants by freezing assay. Proline accumulation during cold stress was also highly induced in the transgenic rapeseed plants. The transgenic plants exhibited considerable tolerance against oxidative damage induced by cold stress. Our results indicated that heterologous HvIRIP expression in transgenic rapeseed plants may induce several oxidative-stress responsive genes to protect from cold stress.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.428-433
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• 2010

Enzymatic hydrolysis of sulfate groups in agaropectin or agar simplifies the production process of high-quality or low sulfate-content agarose. This study was investigated that cell surface displayed arylsulfatase can be applied to desulfatation of agar for production of agarose. Sulfate content of agarose prepared by treatment of yeast surface-displayed arylsulfatase was decreased in a enzyme dosedependent manner. Especially, 35 unit/mL of yeast surface arylsulfatase attenuated sulfate content of agarose up to 0.2%. In the 0.6% agar(Junsei), 35 unit/mL enzyme treated at $40^{\circ}C$ for 3 h showed the lowest content of sulfate. Therefore, this result was determined to be the optimal condition to desulfatation of agar for production of agarose. In addition, the gel strength of yeast surface arylsulfatase treated agar and commercial agarose were compared. Agarose prepared by treatment of yeast surface arylsulfatase showed $559.8{\pm}0.12$ of gel strength, and it is a similar compared to the commercial agarose.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.69-69
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• 2018

아로니아(Aronia czarna)는 anthocyanin, polyphenol, flavonoid, cathechine, chlorogenic acid와 같은 생리활성물질이 풍부하게 존재하며 항산화, 항암, 항균, 피부건강개선, 노화방지 등 다양한 생리활성에 대한 효능이 있는 것으로 알려져 있어 건강 및 기능성식품, 화장품 등의 원료 소재로 각광받고 있다. 생물전환(Bioconversion)은 미생물 또는 효소의 생물학적 촉매 반응을 활용하여 기존 소재의 성분을 변환시키는 기술이다, 최근 생물전환을 활용한 천연소재의 생리활성 물질 기능성, 생체이용률, 안전성을 증대시키기 위한 방안으로 많은 연구가 진행되고 있으며 식품, 의약품, 화장품 등 다양한 분야에서 활성화 되고 있다. 본 연구는 젓갈로부터 분리한 균주를 유전학적 특성을 확인하기 위하여 16S rDNA 염기서열을 분석한 뒤 그중 유산균을 발효공정에 활용하였다. 전북 순창에서 수확된 아로니아 분말과 발효공정을 수행하였으며 아로니아 최적 추출조건 선정, 발효공정 전 후 추출물의 기능성 평가를 진행하기 위하여 DPPH radical scavenging activity, Total polyphenol 함량을 확인하여 항산화 효능 및 유효성분 함량을 평가하였다. 또한 대식세포인 Raw 264.7을 사용하여 MTT assay, Nitric oxide (NO) 생성 억제 효능을 확인하여 세포독성 및 항염증 활성을 평가하였다. 실험결과, 젓갈류 발효물로부터 16종의 다양한 균주를 확보하였으며, 그중 L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, P. pentosaceus 균을 발효 공정에 활용하여 유용 균주를 선정 결과 P. pentosaceus 종 유산균 처리군에서 무처리군 대비 DPPH radical 소거능 및 polyphenol 함량이 증가됨을 확인하였다. 발효공정 후 항산화 활성은 무처리군 대비 약 119%, polyphenol의 함량은 무처리군 대비 약 119%로 증가됨을 확인되었다. 또한 Raw 264.7 세포실험 결과 발효공정 후 독성활성이 감소되는 경향을 확인되었으며, 항염증 활성이 월등히 증가됨을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1055-1061
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• 2007

Caesalpinia sappan L. is an indeciduous tree distributed in China, India, Miyanmar and Vietnam. Its heartwood has long been used in oriental folk medicines to treat diseases. In this study, antioxidative activities of Caesalpinia sappan L. and the effect of gamma irradiation on its chemical and biological properties were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc fr.) of Caesalpinia sappan L. was irradiated with 100 kGy of gamma ray. The dark red color of EtOAc fr. was significantly (p<0.05) removed by irradiation (Hunter L and b values increased and a value decreased). The total phenolic content of EtOAc fr. was 865 mg/g and it was increased to 1195 mg/g by gamma irradiation. DPPH radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity of EtOAc fr. were very high and its activities were also increased by gamma irradiation. EtOAc fr. also inhibited the irradiation-induced DNA damage of lymphocyte as determined by comet assay. In conclusion, EtOAc fr. of Caesalpinia sappan L. extract showed high antioxidative activities in vitro. Furthermore, gamma irradiation on EtOAc fr. ameliorated the color and antioxidative properties. Therefore, it can be suggested that Caesalpinia sappan L. may be a good material for antioxidant function and gamma irradiation may be applied for the improvement of chemical and biological properties of Caesalpinia sappan L.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1304-1308
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• 2006

The present study describes the preliminary evaluation of the antioxidant activity and the cytotoxic effect of Ceramium kondoi. The antioxidant activities and cytotoxic effect of the water extracts were evaluated by total phenolic contents (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), reducing power (RP), comet assay, and MTT reduction assay. TPC, DPPH RSA, and RP of the extract at the concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ was $659.2{\mu}M$, 86.0%, and 1.084, respectively, and those were concentration dependent. The $200{\mu}M\;H_2O_2-induced$DNA damage was inhibited by C. kondoi water extract in a dose dependent manner in human leukocytes. The inhibition was by 62.3, 39.8, 24.8% and 16.4% at the concentration of 5, 10, $25{\mu}g/mL$ and $50{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Cytotoxic activity on HT-29 cells and MCF-7 cells of the C. kondoi water extract at the concentration of $10{\mu}g/mL$ was 49% and 60%, respectively. These results strongly support the possibility of C. kondoi as a source of natural functional materials.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.351-368
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• 2004

Following the previous experiments, a starvation experiment was conducted to determine the influence of feeding and starvation on the histological and biochemical changes, the morphormetric changes in the sectioned body and the morphometric changes in Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage and Dabry). The influence of starvation on nutritional conditions of the histological changes of hepatocyte and intestinal epithelium as hepatosmatic index (HSI), protein, RNA and DNA concentrations of liver in R. oxycephalus was tested. Although the starved group showed higher concentrations of protein, DNA and RNA than the fed group, food deprivation resulted in a decrease in the HSI, hepatocyte nucleus size and nuclear height of the intestinal epithelium. The RNA - DNA ratio appears to be a useful index of nutritional status in R. oxycephalus and may be useful for determining if R. oxycephalus is in a period of rapid or slow growth at the time of sampling. Additionally, the data have been interpreted in detail and some biologically important relationships discussed. The effects of starvation on the morphometrical changes in sectioned body traits, condition factor, viscera index and dressing percentage were determined for evaluating nutritional conditions of R. oxycephalus. Starvation for nine weeks resulted in a decrease in most sectioned traits as well as in condition factor and viscera index (P<0.05). These findings suggest that nutritional parameters used in this study appear to be a useful index for nutritional status in this species. The data has been interpreted in detail and some important body sectioned values of interest to commercial growers discussed. A 75-day study was conducted to determine the effect of starvation on classical and truss parameters in R. oxycephalus. Truss dimensions of almost the entire head and trunk region as well as the abdomen were increased significantly through feeding or starvation (P<0.05). Truss dimensions of the caudal region generally decreased through feeding or starvation, particularly those dimensions at the hind part of the trunk. There were some significant decreases in classical dimensions of the head region during feeding, in relation to body depth characteristics in the trunk and caudal region during starvation, whereas there was only one decreasing classical dimension in the caudal region during feeding. The results of this study indicate that application of the truss network as a character set enforces classical coverage across the body form, discrimination among experimental groups thus being enhanced. Considering that the dimension of the lower part of the head and some truss and classical dimensions were least affected by feeding and starvation, these dimensions may then be useful as a taxonomical indicator to discriminate the species of Rhynchocypris sp. The value of trunk region dimensions with a large component of body depth in R. oxycephalus is most likely to be compromised by variability related to differences in feeding regimes of fish in different habitats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to estimate the antioxidant activities of 50%, 70%, and 100% ethanol extracts of Lycium barbarum leaf and chlorophyll removal extract. Methods: The antioxidant activities were estimated by measuring total polyphenol content and by assays of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfate) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA fragmentation, and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities of the extracts were measured in hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-stressed HepG2 cells. Results: The total polyphenol content, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and FRAP value of the extracts increased in an ethanol concentration-dependent manner. The antioxidant activities of the chlorophyll-removal extracts were much higher than those of the chlorophyll-containing extracts. Cytotoxicity was not observed in HepG2 cells with extracts up to $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. All extracts inhibited ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner from $31.3{\mu}g/mL$ and inhibited DNA damage at $250{\mu}g/mL$. The SOD and catalase activities of cell lines treated with the extracts and $H_2O_2$ were similar to those of normal cells, indicating a strong protective effect. Conclusion: Lycium barbarum leaf extracts had high antioxidant activities and protected $H_2O_2$-stressed HepG2 cells. Since the chlorophyll-removal extract exhibited higher antioxidant activities than the chlorophyll-containing ones and the cytoprotective effect was similar, chlorophyll removal extract of Lycium barbarum leaf could be developed as ingredients of functional food and cosmetics.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.534-537
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• 2002

An agarase gene from Bacillus cereus ASK202 was expressed in high levels by E. coli BL21(DE3)/pEBA1 using pET28a(+) vector system with the inducible T7 promoter in the presence of isopropyl- ${\beta}$ -thiogalactopyranoside. The open reading frame encodes 761 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 83,300 daltons and a potential signal peptide about 36 amino acid residues at the N-terminus. E. coli BL21(DE3)/pEBA1 produce 1280 unit/ ${\ell}$ of agarase. The optimum physical condition for the agarase activity was pH 5.6, and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively. The agarase activity was stable up pH $4.0{\sim}9.0$ and $4{\sim}40^{\circ}C$. The km and maximum rate of metabolism for agar were 0.068mg/$m{\ell}$ and 0.094mg/$m{\ell}{\cdot}min$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.271-278
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• 2015

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of green manure crops on the changes of chemical properties and microorganisms in soil of continuous ginger cultivation. The biomass and nitrogen absorption of green manure crop were the highest in crimson clover. After cropping, soil phosphate content was the lowest in orchard grass, however, T-N content was the highest of hairy vetch > crimson clover > orchard grass. Also real-time PCR analysis was conducted to measure density of Pythium zingiberum in soil of before and after incorporation of green manure crop. Density of P. zingiberum was the lowest of all the green manures. In this results are summarized that green manure cropping reduced salt accumulation and density of P. zingiberum in continuous ginger cultivation.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to manufacture Cutting-Gouda cheese and to investigate the change in physicochemical properties of Cutting-Gouda cheese made with Lactobacillus rhamnosus_p1. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from Gouda cheese ripened for more than 1 year. They were identified as 2 strains of L. rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus curvatus, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus by 16S rDNA sequencing and named L. rhamnosus_p1, L. casei_p2, L. curvatus_p3, L. rhamnosus_p4 and S. saprophyticus_p5. The proteolytic activities of isolated strains against casein were measured using prepared skim milk agar plates. L. rhamnosus_p1 showed the highest proteolytic activity. Cutting-Gouda cheese was made with L. rhamnosus_p1, and its physicochemical properties (moisture, protein, fat, ash and free amino acid content) were measured during ripening periods. Because of the modified atmosphere packaging ($N_2{^-}$), there was no change in moisture, protein, fat, and ash in the experimental group. The total amount of free amino acids in the control and experimental group gradually increased during ripening periods. The sensory evaluation showed that the experimental group was preferable to the control group. This result suggests that L. rhamnosus_p1 has potential to be developed as a new starter for Gouda cheese.