• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find parameters to compare the effects of Sa-Am acupuncture with stomach-tonification (ST) and Sa-Am acupuncture with spleen-tonification (SP) on radial pulse. Methods : Forty healthy subjects participated in this study. Radial pulse was measured using 3 dimensional pulse imaging system (DMP-3000) before, right after, 30 minutes after, and 60 minutes after acupuncture. Results : 1. The parameters analysed in this study were changed in the same direction with different degrees by ST and SP. 2. In males, SP manipulation showed significantly increased pulse period and (T-T4)/T, and significantly decreased T1/T, T4/T, T4/(T-T4), and F1~F3 frequencies compared to ST. 3. In females, ST manipulation showed significantly increased (T-T4)/T, and significantly decreased F1~F3 frequencies compared to SP. Conclusions : The parameters analysed in this study may be used to differentiate the effects between ST and SP on radial pulse. These parameters are more strongly affected by SP than ST in males whereas more strongly affected by ST than SP in females.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.41-54
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Sa-am acupuncture with Pericardium jung-gyuck (SA-acu-PC) and Triple Energizer jung-gyuck (SA-acu-TE) on the radial pulse in healthy human subjects. Methods: Sixty healthy subjects participated in this study and divided into three groups randomly: Control group(C), Pericardium jung-gyuck group(PC), Triple Energizer jung-gyuck group(TE). Radial pulse was measured by 3 dimensional pulse imaging system (DMP-3000) before, right after, 30 minutes after, and 60 minutes after acupuncture. Results: 1. The changes observed in periodic parameters are considered as the common effects of both SA-acu-TE and SA-acu-PC. SA-acu-TE was more effective than SA-acu-PC in these effects. 2. The effects of SA-acu-PC appeared in the pulse amplitude, pulse area, and pulse power volume mainly at the left chon position, and 3. The effects of SA-acu-TE appeared in the radial augmentation index and main peak angle mainly at the right gwan position. Conclusions: The effects of SA-acu-PC and SA-acu-TE can be observed in the radial pulse. The increases in pulse amplitude, pulse area, and pulse power volume at the left chon may imply the effects of SA-acu-PC. And the decrease in the pulse power volume, the increases in radial augmentation index and main peak angle may imply the effects of SA-acu-TE.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2009

Dentin, a major component of teeth, is formed by odontoblasts which produce the dentin matrix beneath the dental epithelium and induce the mineralization of dentin. To date, the biochemical properties of dentin matrix proteins have been well characterized, but upstream regulators of these proteins are not yet well known. Recently in this regard, several transcription factors have been identified as potential regulators of matrix proteins. Most transcription factors are generally involved in diverse biological processes and it is essential to identify those that are odontoblast-specific transactivators to further understand the process of dentin formation. We thus analyzed the expression pattern of dentin matrix proteins and the activities of established transactivators containing a Cre-locus. Expression analyses using in situ hybridization showed that dentin matrix proteins are sequentially expressed in differentiating odontoblasts, including type-I collagen, Dmp-1 and Dspp. The activities of the transactivators were evaluated using ${\beta}$-galactosidase following the generation of double transgenic mice with each transactivator and the ROSA26R reporter line. The ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity of each transactivator paralled the expression of the matrix proteins. These results thus showed that these transactivators could be utilized for odontoblastspecific conditional gene targeting. In addition, time- and tissue-specific conditional gene targeting might also be achieved using a combination of these transactivators. Odontoblast-specific conditional gene targeting with these transactivators will likely also provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying dentin formation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find parameters to compare the effects of Sa-Am acupuncture with large intestine tonifying and sedating on radial pulse in healthy subjects. Methods : Sixty healthy subjects participated in this study, divided into large intestine tonifying acupuncture group, large intestine sedating acupuncture group and control group. Radial pulse was measured by 3 dimensional pulse imaging system(DMP-3000) before, right after, 30 minutes after and 60 minutes after acupuncture at Cun, Guan, and Chi in the acupuncture group and in the control group at the same time points. Results : 1. Angle of main peak and magnitude of fourier component significantly changed by integrated analysis of Cun, Guan and Chi. 2. Amplitude of H1, Pulse Power volume / min, elasticity, AIx / HR, Frequency and magnitude of fourier component significantly changed by analysis of Cun, Guan, and Chi. Conclusions : The effect of Sa-Am acupuncture with large intestine tonifying and sedating in healthy human may be observed on time, amplitude, pulse area, augmentation index and fourier components parameters. The parameters analysed in this study may be used to differentiate the effects between Sa-Am acupuncture with large intestine tonifying and sedating on radial pulse. Further studies on the effects of Sa-Am acupuncture using radial pulse are needed.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품위생안전성학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회 및 심포지움
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• pp.127-131
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• 2002

가소제가 검출된 PCV용기를 다른 식품유사침출용매(4%초산, 8%알코올, 50%알코올, 95%알코올, Heptane로 용출 실험한 결과, GC-FID와 GC-MSD(SIM Mode)에서 dimethyl phthalate(DMP), diethyl phthalate(DEP), 야-n-butyl phthalate(DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate(BBF), di(2-etylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)의 분석한 결과 우수한 분리능력과 직선상을 보여주었다. 식품유사침출용매에 따른 전과정에 대한 각 프탈레이트 의 회수율을 시험한 결과. DEHP의 회수율은 4%초산에서 84.4 3.6%, 95%알코올에서 109.9$\pm$ 10.7%의 양호한 결과를 얻었으며, DEPH가 검출된 두 종류의 식품용기에서 식품유사침출용매에 따른 용출정도를 보기위해, 온도(2$0^{\circ}C$,6$0^{\circ}C$)와 시간(6시간,12시간,24시간,5일,10일)의 변화에 주어 실험한 결과, 도시락용기(1.10$\pm$0.18g,80$\mu\textrm{m}$ thickness)및 건어물용기(4.06$\pm$0.23g,240$\mu\textrm{m}$ thickness)모두 6$0^{\circ}C$ 95%알코올, 24시간에서 각각 1020.90 $\pm$ 10.15$\mu\textrm{g}$/g, 563.54 $\pm$ 5.60$\mu\textrm{g}$/dm$^2$, 73.51 $\pm$ 5.09$\mu\textrm{g}$/g 149.22$\pm$10.34$\mu\textrm{g}$/dm$^2$로 높았고, 시간경과에 따라 계속적인 증가 추세를 보였다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2011

비극성 a-GaN의 성장 시 기판의 경사각은 GaN epi의 품질을 결정하는 중요한 변수로서 양질의 a-GaN 성장을 위해서는 R-면 기판의 경사각이 정밀하게 제어된 기판이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 R-면 기판의 경사각 ${\alpha}$와 ${\beta}$의 목표값이 각각 0, -0.1, -0.15, -0.2, -0.4, $-0.6^{\circ}$와 -0.1, 0, $0.1^{\circ}$인 절단기판을 제조하였다. 절단기판의 경사각을 x-ray를 이용하여 측정하고 통계적인 분석을 통해 기판의 경사각 제어공정에 대한 신뢰성을 평가하였으며, R-면 기판의 경사각의 공차는 ${\pm}0.03^{\circ}$의 값을 가졌다. R-면 기판은 상대적으로 큰 이방성에 의해 c-면 기판에 비해 휨(BOW)과 두께편차(TTV)가 상대적으로 큰 분포를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. AFM을 이용하여 기판 표면을 관찰한 결과, 측정된 R-면기판의 step 높이는 0.2~0.4 nm로 거의 일정한 값을 가졌으며 step 너비는 경사각 ${\alpha}$가 증가함에 따라 156 nm에서 26 nm로 감소하였으며 이와같은 R-면 기판의 step 구조의 변화는 epi 성장에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.45-66
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find parameters to compare the effects of Sa-Am acupuncture with gall bladder jeonggyeok and seunggyeok on radial pulse in healthy subjects. Methods : 60 healthy subjects participated in this study and divided into the gall bladder jeonggyeok group (GB+ group), the gall bladder seunggyeok group (GB- group) and the control group. Radial pulse was measured by a 3 dimensional pulse imaging system (DMP-3000) before, immediately after, 30 minutes after and 60 minutes after acupuncture on the Cun, Guan and Chi in the GB+, GB- group and at the same time for the control group. Results : 1. The GB+ and GB- group exhibited significantly increased T, M4/M1 and decreased T1/T, T2/T, T5/T, M1, M2 compared to the control group. 2. The GB+ and GB- group exhibited significantly increased H4, Ad/Ap, RAI/HR and decreased As/Ap, Aw/Ap in the right Guan and decreased pulse power volume/min in the left Guan compared to the control group. 3. The GB- group exhibited significantly decreased M3, M3/M1 and increased M4/M1, M5, M5/M1 compared to the GB+ group. The GB+ group exhibited significantly decreased T4/(T-T4) compared to the GB- group. 4. The GB- group exhibited significantly decreased H1 in the right Guan, Chi, H4, pulse area in the right Chi, H5, pulse power volume/min in the left Chi, right Chi, and increased main peak angle in the right Guan, Chi compared to the GB+ group. Conclusion : The effect of gall bladder jeonggyeok and seunggyeok in healthy humans may be observed on various parameters. The parameters analyzed in this study may be used to differentiate effects between gall bladder jeonggyeok and seunggyeok on radial pulse. Further studies on the effects of Sa-Am acupuncture using radial pulse are needed.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the short term toxicity of nine phthalate diesters including di-2(ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP), diundecyl phthalate (DUP), and di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) and five phthalate monoesters including mono- (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), monobutyl phthalate (MBuP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBeP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monomethyl phthalate (MMP) and phthalic acid (PA) in Sprague-Dawley male rats. Animals were administered 250 mg/kg/day (monoesters and PA) or 500 mg/kg/day (diesters) of phthalate for two weeks. All animals were examined for body and organ weights, blood hematology, serum biochemistry, and urine analysis. The body weight gain was significantly lower in rats treated with BBP, DBP, DINP, MEHP, MBuP, and PA than that of control. Liver weights were significantly increased in the DEHP, DBP, DnOP, DIDP, and MEHP groups as compared to the control group. Testes weights were significantly decreased only in the DEHP-, DnOP-, and DIDP-treated groups as compared to the control. Significant differences in hematological changes were not observed in any treatment groups. Significant increases in blood glucose levels were observed in the DEHP, MEHP, and MBeP groups. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were significantly increased in the DBP, DUP, DINP, MBuP, and MBeP groups, whereas alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly increased only in the DEHP and MEHP groups. Serum ALP levels were significantly higher in phthalate diester (500 mg/kg/day)-treated rats as compared to control. However, the total cholesterol level was significantly reduced in the DEHP- and DIDP-treated groups, whereas serum triglyceride (TG) levels were higher in the DINP-, MEHP-, and MBuP-treated groups. These results suggest that short term toxicity of phthalate monoesters produces adverse effects as similar to phthalate diesters in Sprague-Dawley rats.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.520-528
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• 2014

본 연구는 국내 천일염 생산 대표지역의 갯벌천일염 15종과 외국산 소금 38종에 대한 이화학적 품질 특성, 중금속 함량 및 phthalate 화합물의 오염 수준을 평가하였다. MSS에서 DEHP는 9.00~669.89 ppb 수준으로 검출되었으나 인체 안전성을 우려할만한 수준은 아니었다. 그러나 FS는 FSS 5종(3,440.64, 3,266.56, 2,189.65, 4,010.69, 4,554.20 ppb)과 FLSS 1종(1,983.27 ppb)에서 DEHP 용출규격 1.5 ppm이하를 초과하는 높은 수준이 검출되었으며, FSS 2종(930.15, 1,310.07 ppb), FLSS 1종(924.92 ppb)에서도 비교적 높은 수준이 검출되었다. 그 외의 phthalate 화합물에서는 MSS와 FS 모두에서 인체 안전성을 우려할만한 수준은 검출되지 않았다. Na 이온은 MSS(363,633.98 ppm)에 비해 FS(407,345.87~426,612.14 ppm)에서 높은 수준(p<0.05)이었으며, Mg(p<0.01), K(p<0.05), Ca 이온(p<0.05)은 FRS에서 가장 낮은 함량을, FSS에서 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. Cl 이온의 경우 MSS(532,727.07 ppm)에서 가장 낮은 함량(p<0.001)을 나타낸 반면, Br 이온(625.07 ppm)은 가장 높은 함량(p<0.001)을 나타내었으며 $SO_4$ 이온에서 유의한 차이는 없었다. MSS에서 Mn 함량이 높았으며, Al과 Fe의 함량은 FLSS에서 높은 수준이었다. MSS와 FS의 중금속에서 유의한 차이는 없었으며, 식용소금에 대한 중금속기준을 초과하지는 않아 소금을 통한 중금속은 안전한 수준으로 판단된다.