• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.84-90
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• 1986

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 고랭지(高冷地) Timothy 우점초지에서 목초(牧草)의 적정(適正) 예취회수(刈取回數)와 최종(最終) 예취시기(刈取時期)를 구명(究明)하고자 DM 생산량(生産量), 월동후(越冬後) 초기생육특성(初期生育特性), 다음해 1차수량(次收量) 조단백질(粗蛋白質) 및 조섬유(粗纖維) 생산량(生産量)을 조사(調査)하고 그들간(間)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 초기생육(初期生育)이 개시(開始)되는 시기(時期)는 예취회수(刈取回數)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 빨라지는 경향(傾向)이었으나 유의차(有意差)가 없었으며 최종예취일(最終刈取日)에 따른 영향은 일정하지 않았다. 2. 예취회수(刈取回數)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 건물생산량(乾物生産量)은 감소하였으나 최종예취일(最終刈取日)에 따른 차이(差異)는 없었다. 3. 월동후 1 차수량(次收量)은 예취회수(刈取回數)에 따라 현저히 감소하였으나 최종예취일(最終刈取日)에 따른 차이(差異)는 뚜렷하지 않았다. 4. 조단백질(粗蛋白質) 생산량(生産量)은 예취회수(刈取回數)가 증가(增加)할수록 많아졌으나 건물율(乾物率)은 낮아지는 경향이었고 조섬유(粗纖維) 생산량(生産量)은 일정하지 않았다. 5. 건물수량(乾物收量)과 건물율(乾物率)($\gamma=0.78$) 및 다음해 1차수량(次收量)($\gamma=0.82$)간(間)과 건물율(乾物率)과 다음해 1차수량(次收量)($\gamma=0.83$)간(間)에는 정(正)의 상관(相關)이 있었고(p<0.01), 조단백질(粗蛋白質) 생산량(生産量)과 건물율(乾物率)($\gamma=-0.67$) 및 다음해 1차수량(次收量)($\gamma=-0.68$)간(間)에는 부(負)의 상관(相關)이었다(p<0.01). 6. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)를 종합(綜合)해 볼 때 건물생산(乾物生産)에 있어서는 년간(年間) 예취회수(刈取回數)는 3회(回)호 하고 최종예취일(最終刈取日)은 9월(月) 30일(日)로 하는 것이 적당(適當)하다고 생각되며 조단백질(粗蛋白質) 수량(收量)을 고려한다면 4회(回) 예취(刈取)에 최종예취일(最終刈取日)은 9월(月) 30일(日)로 하는 것이 좋다고 사료(思料)된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.324-330
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• 1994

The objective of this study is to obtain the basic data for investigating the potentiality of continuous utili~ation (first cutting in the late fall and regrowth yield in next spring) of forage rape seeded in fall. Fresh yield and the content of nitrogenous compound in leaves and roots were measured during a growth period. Fresh yield accumulation was very low between the late fall(470kg/10a) and the early regrowth period( 1.070kg /IOa). Total nitrogen content in leaves until the wintering period was decreased from 4.71% to 3.70%. while that in roots slightly increased during this period. The highest content(4.84%) in roots was observed in the early regrowth period, and then rapidly decreased as growth advanced. Protein-N was the largest pool of nitrogenous compound in leaves and roots through entire growth period, Its content in leaves decreased until the wintering period (Feb. 4), and then increased until the bolting stage(Apr. 10). Protein-N in roots highly accumulated from the late fall(11.1mg/gDM) to the early regrowth period(l6.9mg/gDM), and then decreased until the early tlowering stage. The content of amino acid-N in leaves showed a little change with a range from 5.7 to 8.5mgIgDM during entire growth period, while that in roots rapidly decreased from early regrowth period. The content of $NO_3$-N decreased from 7.0 to 4.3mglgDM in leaves, while increased from 0.9 to 2.3mg/gDM in roots from the late fall to the wintering period. 7he content of $NH_4$-N was lower and less varillble than other nitrogen compound during entire growth period. The results clearly showed that protein-N was the main storage form and highly accumulated in roots of overwintering forage rape.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.199-204
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• 2005

본 연구는 2001년 8월부터 2003년 12월까지 충남대학교 생명과학대학 내 초지시험포장에서 N 시비수준이 Kentucky bluegrss 잔디초지의 건물수량과 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행하였다. N 시비수준은 100, 150 및 200kg/ha의 3처리를 두어 시험하였으며, 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 2년 평균 ha당 건물수량은 N 시비수준이 높아짐에 따라 현저히 증가되어, N 100, 150 및 200kg시비수준에서 각각 6,317, 8,495 및 10,361kg을 나타내었다(p<0.05). CP함량과 DMD는 N시비수준이 높아짐에 따라 뚜렷이 증가되었으나(p<0.05), 섬유소물질의 차이는 뚜렷한 경향을 보이지 않았다. ha당 CPDM과 DDM 수량은 N 시비수준이 높아짐에 따라 뚜렷이 증가되었다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 학교운동장조성용 Kentucky bluegrass 단파초지에서 부수적으로 생산되는 목초의 건물수량과 품질을 높이기 위한 N 시비수준은 200kg/ha이 적당할 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.650-657
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• 2002

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of forage:concentrate ratios and feeding principles on milk yield, milk composition, body weight change, postpartum oestrus and feed cost. A total of 36 crossbred F1 cows (Holstein Friesian${\times}$Local Yellow) in the 8th week of lactation were used. In each experiment, animals were divided into three groups using a randomized block design according to the milk yield of the previous eight weeks. Cows were fed 30, 50 and 70% concentrate in the diet based on DM. In experiment 1 (Fc), cows were given the same amount of DM with constant ratios of forage and concentrate within treatments. In experiment 2 (Fa), cows were given the same constant amounts of concentrate as in experiment 1 and ad libitum forage. The forage consisted of a natural grass mixture based on 5 species of grasses with high nutritive values. There was no difference in total DM intake between treatments within experiments. However, cows fed forage ad libitum had higher DM intakes compared to cows fed constant forage (1.6, 4.5 and 9.5% for cows fed 70, 50 and 30% forage, respectively). Daily milk yield of cows fed forage ad libitum was higher than that of cows fed constant forage:concentrate ratio. Within experiment, milk yield was highest for cows fed 30% DM forage, followed by cows fed 50% and then cows fed 70% forage (11.17, 10.98 and 10.71 for the 30Fc, 50Fc and 70Fc cows; 11.73, 11.16 and 10.81 kg for the 30Fa, 50Fa and 70Fa cows, respectively). Decreased forage ratio in the diets resulted in decreased milk fat content and tended to increase milk protein. Increased concentrate ratio in the diet and feeding forage ad libitum increased body weight gain. The effect of forage:concentrate ratio on postpartum oestrus was not significant. The feed cost per kg milk produced was lowest for the cows fed 70% forage. It is concluded that increased ratio of concentrate resulted in increased body weight gain, milk yield, milk protein, and decreased milk fat. Feeding forage ad libitum increased feed intake, milk yield and body weight gain. The ratio of 50% forage is more suitable for milk production and animal condition, but in terms of feed cost and under the conditions of small dairy farmers, the 70% ad libitum forage feeding is recommended.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2005

2002년부터 2004년까지 수원의 작물과학원 논포장을 년차간 순차적으로 밭으로 전환하고 또 밭상태에서 우분을 누적투 입하면서 호밀과 옥수수의 윤작을 통하여 질소와 관련된 토양 특성, 작물의 건물수량 및 질소흡수량을 조사하였는데, 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 논의 밭전환 1년차에는 밭사료작물, 특히 답리작 호밀의 생육과 수량이 현저히 감소하였으며, 그에 따라 우분시용에 의한 무기태질소 등 양분의 이용효율도 현저히 감소하였다. 그러나 전환년차의 증가와 함께 밭사료작물의 수량과 질소흡수량이 증가하였는데, 특히 밭상태에서 전환3년차까지 우분의 누적투입은 토양에의 무기태 질소공급과 더불어 옥수수의 수량, 질소흡수량 및 우분질소 이용률을 계속적으로 증가시켰다. 그 증가는 전환년차 증가에 따른 논토양 자체의 질소공급보다는 주로 우분시용에 의한 토양물리성 개선, 토양탄소 및 무기화 가능한 지력질소(가급태질소) 증가 등 지력증진에 크게 기인하였다. 따라서 전환밭에서 정상적인 밭사료작물의 수량을 얻기 위해서는 전환2년 이상의 기간이 필요하였으며, 이때 우분의 투입은 토양에 무기태질소 공급뿐만아니라 토양유기물 등 지력증진에도 효과적이었으며, 또한 그것이 누적적으로 투입될 때 그 효과가 증가되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.183-189
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• 1996

The productivity and utilization of four different grasdlegume pastures for grazing management were examined. The pasture mixtures used in this study were orchardgrass + ladino clover (Tl), orchardgrass + alfalfa (T2), perennial ryegrass + alfalfa (T3), and orchardgrass (T4, without legumes) respectively. The pastures were mtationally grazed 7 times with growing cow which had an initial weight of ca 243kg. The gmwth of pasture plants, dry matter (DM) yield, DM distribution, daily DM production, and pasture utilization were investigated at the NLRI, in Suwon, from April to October in 1991 and 1992. The average plant height at each grazing was 32-33m. The average DM content was 17.8%, wil the lowest in TI (16.4%) and highest in T3 and T4 (18.4%). The annual DM production were 9,609 kg (T3), 9,420 kg (Tl), 9,402 kg (T2), and 9,194 kgha (T4) in that order, but no significant differences were found in forage yield between treatments. Most of forage DM was produced in spring season, particularly in May. The daily DM production was highest in May (81.9kg), and lowest in August (33.0kg/ha). The average efficiency of pasture utilization was about 79%, with the lowest in TI (77%), and highest level of utilization was observed in T4 (82%). In this experiment, production and utilization of each pastures were observed similarly. However, the forage nutritive value, botanical composition, and animal performance as affected by different pasture mixtures for suitable grazing management are needed to ascertain.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.359-367
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• 2003

Supplementary feeding strategies were evaluated from pre-calving throughout lactation on 24 dual-purpose Mpwapwa breed cows in their second or greater lactation, weighing 246-455 kg. The Mpwapwa breed is an established breed of 4 Bos indicus breeds and 8% of Bos taurus. The cows were penned and stall-fed individually. Eight weeks before calving to eight weeks after calving, the cows were divided into two groups and offered hay ad libitum with either 2 kg DM (L) or 4 kg DM/day (H) concentrates. Nine weeks after calving half of the cows on L-level continued with 2 kg DM/day (L-L) while the remainder received 4 kg DM concentrate daily (L-H). Half of the cows on H-group continued with 4 kg DM/day (H-H) while the remainder received 2 kg DM/day (H-L). The concentrate mixture comprised of sunflower seed cake (33%) and maize bran (67%). The cows consumed all the concentrate offered. Hay DM intake was similar (6.8 kg/day) and tended to decrease the last two weeks before calving increased again after calving. Live weight change and body condition score were similar across treatments before calving but differed after calving (p<0.05). Heavier cows with higher condition score pre-calving had a higher body weight loss and regained weight later. After treatment reallocation, live weight change and condition differed between treatments (p<0.05). Calves were allowed to suckle milk from one quarter. The amount of milk suckled and calf weight gains were not significantly different between treatments. The cows were removed from the experiment when the milk yield was below 4 kg per day. Cows on treatment H produced 6.2 kg and on treatment L 5.0 kg saleable milk/day (p<0.05) during the first 8 weeks post partum. During the period 9-18 weeks post partum the saleable daily milk on H-H, L-H, H-L and L-L were 5.2, 4.8, 4.7 and 4.3 kg, respectively (p>0.05).

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2000

This study was conducted to evaluate the dry matter yield and quality of the before and after renovation of summer depression damaged pasture, and carried out at Chungnam National University ffom 1997 to 1999. The yield of DM in first and second year of after renovation, comparing with those of before renovation(6,547kg/ha), significantly increase obtained 12,291kglha and 13,50Ikg/ha, respectively(P<0.05). In the chemical composition, CP content and DM digestibility were markedly increased comparing with those of before renovation(P<0.05), but the contents of NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin were decreased respectively(P<0.05). In the botanical composition, weeds after renovation was markedly decreased comparing with before renovation, but increased the percentage of herbage in summer depression damaged pasture. The results from this study, It is proved that a renovation method, which was conducted by two times of reseeding and raking, was effective in recovering botanical composition of herbage, and enhancing productivity and upgrading quality in summer depression damaged pasture. (Key words : Renovation, Reseeding, Summer depression)

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2007

본 실험은 유휴 논토양에 톨 페스큐를 재배하였을 때, 액상우분뇨를 물로 희석하거나 희석하지 않고 시기를 다르게 시용하여 계절별 및 연간 건물수량과 사료가치를 조사하고 화학비료 시비에 따른 건물수량과 사료가치도 비교하여 액상우분뇨의 적정 시용 시기와 희석수준을 결정하고자 실시되었으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 액상우분뇨를 물로 희석하지 않거나 희석하여 시용하였을 때 연간 건물수량이 ha당 각각 $10.57{\sim}12.51$ 톤(평균 11.50 ton DM/ha)과 $11.31{\sim}14.81$ 톤 (평균 13.13 ton DM/ha)으로 무시비구의 ha당 9.21톤 보다 높은 건물수량을 나타내었는데(Table 2), 액상우분뇨를 이른봄과 여름철 시용한 구(SA구)와 이른 봄, 늦봄 및 여름철 분할 시용한 구(SUA구) 그리고 액상우분뇨를 물로 희석하여 봄철에 전량 시용한 구(DS구), 이른봄과 여름철에 시용한 구(DSA 구) 및 이른 봄, 늦봄 및 여름철에 분할 시용한 구(DSUA구) 등에서 무시비구 보다 유의하게 높은 건물수량을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 2) 질소와 인산 및 칼리를 시비한 구에서는 ha당 15.38 톤의 연간 건물수량을 나타내어 무시비구와 인산과 칼리 시비한 구(10.68 톤/ha) 보다도 유의하게 높은 건물수량을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 또한 인산과 칼리 시용구의 연간 건물수량은 액상우분뇨 시용구의 평균 연간 건물 수량보다도 낮았다. 3) 화학비료구에서 무기태 질소의 건물생산 효율은 연 평균 31.3kg DM/kg N이었으며, 예취 시기별로 보면 2번초>1번초>3번초 순으로 낮아졌지만 액상우분뇨 질소의 연간 건물생산 효율은 무 희석구와 희석구가 각각 15.3과 26.1kg DM/kg N을 나타내었고 2번초에서 가장 높았다. 한편 무기태 질소 대비 액상우분뇨 질소의 건물생산효율은 무희석구와 희석구가 각각 48.9와 83.4%에 도달하였다. 4) 톨 페스큐의 연간 평균 조단백질 함량은 액상우분뇨 시용구에서 $9.9{\sim}11.6%$로 무시비구의 9.5%와 화학비료 구의 $9.0{\sim}9.8%$ 보다 유의하게 높았지만(p<0.05), 연간 평균 NDF와 ADF 함량은 무시비구가 가장 낮았고 무시비구의 상대 사료가치(RFV)와 TDN 함량은 모든 처리구보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 5) 액상우분뇨 시용과 희석시용으로 톨 페스큐의 연간 조단백질 수량과 가소화 양분수량은 무시비구 및 인산과 칼리를 시용한 구 보다 유의하게 높았는데(p<0.05), 이러한 경향은 액상우분뇨를 희석하여 이른 봄, 늦봄 및 여름철에 분할 시용한 구(DSUA구)에서 더욱 뚜렷하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.478-482
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• 2000

Whole cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) crop was harvested about 10-15 cm above ground at 3 months after planting and sun dried for 1-3 days or until the leaves were crispy-dried and the branches and stems were mostly wilted to produce cassava hay. Cassava hay (CH) contained 86.3% DM, 8.9% ash, 23.6% CP, 44.3% NDF, 30.0% ADF, 5.8% ADL, 0.257% condensed tannin and 0.35 mg % HCN, respectively. In addition, CH contained relatively higher amino acid than alfalfa hay especially methionine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine. Ruminal fermentation of CH resulted in high concentrations of $C_2$, $C_3$, and $C_4$ at 72, 17 and 7 mol/100 mole, respectively. A feeding trial was conducted to study on effect of feeding of cassava hay in late lactating dairy cows fed on urea-treated rice straw during the dry season on their intake, ruminal pH, $NH_3$-N, milk yield and compositions. Thirty, Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows in their first lactation were randomly assigned in a randomized complete block design to receive five different dietary treatments: T1=supplementation of concentrate to milk yield at 1:2, T2=supplementation of concentrate to milk yield at 1:2+0.56 kg DM, T3=supplementation of concentrate to milk yield at 1:3+1.3 kg DM CH, T4=supplementation of concentrate to milk yield at 1:4+1.70 kg DM CH, T5=CH fed on ad libitum+small concentrate supplement. All cows received urea-treated rice straw as a roughage source throughout a 80 d feeding trial. The experiment revealed that cassava hay contained high level of protein and minimal level of tannin at 3 months of harvest. Tannin intake ranged from 1.44 to 13.36 g/hd/d and did not affect on urea-treated rice straw intake. Milk yield across treatments were similar (5.4-6.3 kg/hd/d) (p>0.05) but 3.5% FCM was highest in cows received CH at 1.70 kg/hd/d. Feeding of cassava hay resulted in increasing milk fat (4.0 to 4.6%) (p<0.05) and milk protein (3.8 to 5.3%) (p<0.05). Moreover, the use of CH could reduce concentrate supplementation to milk yield from 1:2 to 1:4, respectively, thus resulted in more milk income return.