• 수면정신생리
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2022

Bipolar disorders are a group of mood disorders characterised by relapsing mood episodes throughout the course of illness. Patients with bipolar disorders commonly present with various sleep problems. Patients in a manic episode generally show decreased need of sleep and those in a depressed episode frequently complain about hypersomnia. Current literature even points to evidence that patients with bipolar disorder in euthymic state may still show signs of sleep disturbances when compared to the general population. Clinicians may also note intricate interactions between changes of circadian rhythm and evolution of mood episodes in patients with bipolar disorder. Also, commonly prescribed medications which plays a crucial role in treatment of bipolar disorders including mood stabilisers and antipsychotic medications often cause significant weight gain over time. Being a risk factor of sleep apnoea, weight gain can predispose the patient to develop sleep apnoea. In this narrative review, we summarised current evidence and literature regarding characteristics of circadian rhythm and comorbid sleep apnoea in patients with bipolar disorder. We also present literature regarding implications of circadian disturbance and comorbid sleep apnoea in managing patients with bipolar disorder.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.6-15
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• 2022

Climate change is among the most important issues facing mankind in modern society. However, global PV energy expansion has been driven mainly by OECD countries. We investigate the determinants of PV energy growth by panel data of selected OECD countries from 1991 to 2018. We investigate four categories of driving factors: socioeconomic, technological, country specific, and policy factors. The test results support that PV capacity growth is significantly driven by technology development and multidimensional environment policy factors. Socioeconomic factors such as CO₂, GDP, and electricity price are statistically significant on the growth of PV energy, too. Whereas, country-specific solar potential factor is the least related. As most of the socioeconomic factors are exogenous, we need to focus more on PV technology development and policy measures.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.138-150
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• 2024

This study is essential for advancing our knowledge about the interaction between long-range high-power lasers and energetic materials, with a particular emphasis on understanding the response of a 155-mm shell under various surface irradiations, taking into account external factors such as atmospheric disturbances. The analysis addresses known limitations in understanding the use of non-realistic targets and the negligence of ambient conditions. The model employs the three-dimensional level-set method, computer-aided design (CAD)-based target design, and a message-passing interface (MPI) parallelization scheme that enables rapid calculations of the complex chemical reactions of the irradiated high explosives. Important outcomes from interaction modeling include the accurate prediction of the initiation time of ignition, transient pressure, and temperature responses with the location of the initial hot spot within the shell, and the relative magnitude of noise with and without the presence of physical ambient disturbances. The initiation time of combustion was increased by approximately a factor of two with atmospheric disturbance considered, while slower heating of the target resulted in an average temperature rise of approximately 650 K and average pressure increase of approximately 1 GPa compared to the no ambient disturbance condition. The results provide an understanding of the interaction between the high-power laser and energetic target at a long distance in an atmospheric condition.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제19권3호통권31호
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• pp.146-157
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• 2006

Objective : This study is to explore the various of the stress by perceived by paitents with Bell's palsy Methods : 50 patients who were diagnosed as Bell's palsy were sequentially interviewed and examined Results : The results were as follows 1. The mean average PWI(Psychosocial well-being index, total : score)was $41.58{\pm}17.53$ :Factor I(Social performance and self-confidence) with a mean of $11.18{\pm}8.38$, Fact II( Depression) with a mean of $8.94{\pm}6.26$, Factor III(Sleeping disturbance and anxiety) with a mean $of7.56{\pm}5.20$, Factor IV(General well-being and vatality)with a mean $of9.90{\pm}4.44$ 2. With the respect to the general characteristics of subjects, there were statistically significant differences in the patients's stress perception by sex, having an occupation and the amount of sleeping time. Conclusions : We needed the further study about the relation between stress and Bell's palsy

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.465-476
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• 2019

본 연구는 Spielman의 3P 모델을 바탕으로 하여, 대학생의 수면과 그 영향요인을 알아보고자 한 융합 연구이다. 대상자는 시험을 1~2주 앞둔 대학생 및 대학원생 191명이며, 수면의 질과 관련 변수로 자기통제력, 스트레스, 시험 불안, 스마트폰 의존 정도, 주간 졸림증을 고려하였다. 좋은 수면군과 나쁜 수면군으로 나누어 두 군간 수면의 질을 비교하기 위해 Chi-square test, t-test를 이용하였고, 수면의 질과 일반적 특성 및 자기통제력, 스트레스, 시험 불안, 스마트 의존 정도, 주간 졸음증과의 상관관계 파악을 위해 Pearson's coefficient correlation 분석을 사용하였다. 수면을 방해하는 촉발요인으로 스트레스와 시험불안, 그리고 수면 장애를 지속시키는 요인으로 스마트폰 의존, 수면 관련 요인인 주간 졸림증이 수면의 질과 관련요인으로 나타났고, 생물심리학적 영역인 유발요인으로써 자기통제력은 통계적으로 유의한 관련성을 보이지 않았다. 대학생의 수면의 질을 향상시키기 위해 수면을 방해하는 요인인 스트레스 및 시험 불안, 그리고 수면장애를 지속시키는 스마트폰 의존과 같은 정신 건강의 개선을 위한 방안이 필요하며, 이를 통해 수면의 질이 향상될 것이라 생각된다.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.119-137
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• 2017

Although the stall stagnation phenomena have often been experienced in site and also analytically in numerical experiments in surges in systems of compressors and flow paths, the fundamental causes have not been identified yet. In order to clarify the situations, behaviours of infinitesimal disturbance waves superposed on a main flow were studied in a simplified one-dimensional flow model. A ratio of the amplifying rate of the system instability to the characteristic slope of the compressor element was surveyed as the instability enhancement factor. Numerical calculations have shown the following tendency of the factor. In the situation where both the sectional area ratio and the length ratio of the delivery flow-path to the suction duct are sufficiently large, the enhancement factors are greater in magnitude, which means occurrence of ordinary deep surges. However, in the situation where the area ratio and/or the length ratio is relatively smaller, the enhancement factor tends to lessen significantly, which situation tends to suppress deep surges for the same value of the characteristic slope. It could result in the stall stagnation condition. In the domain of area ratio vs. length ratio of the delivery duct to the suction duct, contour-lines of the enhancement factor behave qualitatively similar to those of the stall stagnation boundaries of a fan analytically obtained, suggesting that a certain range of the enhancement factor values could specify the stagnation occurrence. The significant decreases in the factors are observed to accompany appearances of phase lags and travelling waves in the wave motions, which macroscopically suggests breaking down of the complete surge actions of filling and emptying of the air in the delivery duct. The strength of the action is deeply related with acoustic interferences and is evaluated in terms of the volume-modified reduced resonance frequency proposed by the author. These observations have shown the fundamental cause and the sequence of the stall stagnation in principle.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1401-1411
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 전자파 장해 측정용 야외시험장과 전자파 내성 시험장인 완전 무반사실과의 상관계수를 이용하여 완전 무반사실에서 전자파 허용 기준을 제시하였다. FAR Project(SMT4-CT96-2133), CISPR/A/665/DTR, CISPR A/665/DTR 문서들을 분석하고, 이 문서들과 이론적인 수식들을 이용하여 야외시험장과 완전 무반사실의 이론적인 상관계수를 도출하였다. 실험적인 상관계수를 도출하기 위해서 피시험기기를 제작하였으며, 제작된 피시험기기의 전기장 세기를 10 m 야외시험장과 3 m 완전 무반사실에서 측정하였다. 또한, 다중 소스원을 갖는 피시험기기를 위한 허용 기준을 제시하기 위해서, 전기 다이폴과 자기 다이폴의 방사 이론을 프로그램화 하였다. 이 프로그램을 이용하여 다중 소스원을 갖는 피시험기기를 위한 상관계수를 도출하였다. 이론적, 실험적 상관계수를 이용하여 완전 무반사실에서 전자파 허용 기준을 새롭게 제시함으로써 완전 무반사실이 야외시험장의 전자파 방사(EMI) 대체 시험장으로서 활용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.285-297
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• 2002

본 연구는 물리화학적 분석을 토대로 산불지 토양에 영향을 미치는 중요한 인자의 특성을 파악하려 하였으며, 산불지 2차피해저감기법의 개발에 획득한 결과를 활용하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상지는 강원도 강릉시와 동해시에 소재한 임야이며, 산불발생시기는 2000년 12월경이다. 토양시료는 산불발생후 약 1년이 지난 2001년 11월에 산불지와 비산불지, 표토와 심토를 대상으로 구분하여 채취하였다. 산불지 표토 (0-5 cm)중의 pH는 비교지에 비하여 높은 특성을 보였으며, 심토 (5-40 cm)중의 pH는 비교지에 비하여 낮은 특성을 보였다. 토성분류 결과, 산불로 소실된 초목류의 잔류물이 산불지 토성에 영향을 주었으며, 지질적 특성에 따라서도 토성의 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 유기물함량은 산불지에서 높게 나타났지만 예외적으로 탄질셰일이 많이 분포하는 산불지에서는 비교지에 비하여 유기물함량이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 풍화지수는 산불지에서 낮게 나타났으며 이는 산불지 표토의 유실과 관련이 있다. Fe(Fe$^{2+}$ or Fe$^{3+}$ )이온은 강우나 강설등에 의하여 산불지 표토로부터 쉽게 용탈되는 반면에 Mn이온은 콜로이드의 물리화학적 흡착작용에 의하여 산불지 토양 중에 그대로 잔류하는 특성을 확인하였다. 연속추출법을 통하여 산불지에서 Fe이온의 용탈이 있음을 확인하였으며, Mn이온의 용출특성이 교란되었음을 확인하였다. 요인분석결과에서도 산불로 인하여 인자들간의 수반특성이 교란되었음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.385-395
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• 2017

A new digitized decoupled dual-axis micro dynamically tuned gyroscope with three equilibrium rings (TMDTG) is proposed which can eliminate the constant torque disturbance (CTD) caused by the double rotation frequency of a driving shaft with a micro dynamically tuned gyroscope with one equilibrium ring (MDTG). A mechanical and kinematic model of the TMDTG is theoretically analyzed and the structure parameters are optimized in ANSYS to demonstrate reliability. By adjusting the thickness of each equilibrium ring, the CTD can be eliminated. The digitized model of the TMDTG system is then simulated and examined using MATLAB. Finally, a digitized prototype based on FPGA is created. The gyroscope can be dynamically tuned by adjusting feedback voltage. Experimental results show the TMDTG has good performance with a scale factor of $283LSB/^{\circ}/s$ in X-axis and $220LSB/^{\circ}/s$ in Y-axis, respectively. The scale factor non-linearity is 0.09% in X-axis and 0.13% in Y-axis. Results from analytical models, simulations, and experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed TMDTG.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.244-251
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• 2009

Porous media have especially large surface area per volume, which contain complex fluid passage. If porous media can be applied to cool a CPU or an electronic device with large heat dissipation, it could result in heat transfer enhancement due to the enlargement of the heat transfer area and the flow disturbance. This study is aimed to identify the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of high-porosity metal foams in a horizontal channel. Experiment is performed with the various heat flux, velocity and pore density conditions. Permeabilities, which is deduced from Non-Darcy flow model, become lower with increasing pore density. Nusselt number also decreases with higher pore density. High pore density with same porosity case shows higher pressure loss due to the increase of surface area per unit volume. The fiction factor decreases rapidly with increase of Reynolds number in Darcy flow region. However, it converges to a constant value of the Ergun coefficient in Non-Darcy flow region.