• 약학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.208-212
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• 2002

Dehydroevodiamine HCl (DHED), which is a component separated from Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham, has novel anticholinesterase and antiamnesic activities in the scopolamine-induced amnesia model. Several studies suggest that DHED might be an effective drug for the Alzheimer's disease and the vascular type of dementia. In order to evaluate the mutagenic potential of DHED, Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay, chromosomal aberration test on Chinese hamster lung cells, in vivo micronucleus assay using mouse bone marrow cells, and comet assay were performed. DHED did not increase the number of revertant in the reverse mutation test using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA1537, TA98, TA100. DHED HCl, at concentration of 5 and 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mι, increased the number of chromosome aberrated Chinese hamster lung cells with 5 and 10％, respectively. In mouse micronucleus test, no significant increase in the occurrence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte was observed in ICR mice orally administered with DHED. DHED was tested for ability to induce genotoxic effect in L5178Y cells (mouse lymphoma cells) using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay). In comet assay, tail moment did not increase in L5178Y cells treated with 10, 100, 300 $\mu$M DHED.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2017

Progressive memory impairment such as that associated with depression, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) can interfere with daily life. In particular, AD, which is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, prominently features a memory and learning impairment that is related to changes in acetylcholine and abnormal ${\beta}$-amyloid ($A{\beta}$) deposition in the brain. In the present study, we investigated the effects of dehydroevodiamine HCl (DHED) on cognitive improvement and the related mechanism in memory-impaired rat models, namely, a scopolamine-induced amnesia model and a $A{\beta}_{1-42}$-infused model. The cognitive effects of DHED were measured using a water maze test and a passive avoidance test in the memory-impaired rat models. The results demonstrate that DHED (10 mg/kg, p.o.) and Donepezil (1 mg/kg, p.o.) ameliorated the spatial memory impairment in the scopolamine-induced amnestic rats. Moreover, DHED significantly improved learning and memory in the $A{\beta}_{1-42}$-infused rat model. Furthermore, the mechanism of these behavioral effects of DHED was investigated using a cell viability assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, and intracellular calcium measurement in primary cortical neurons. DHED reduced neurotoxicity and the production of $A{\beta}$-induced ROS in primary cortical neurons. In addition, similar to the effect of MK801, DHED decreased intracellular calcium levels in primary cortical neurons. Our results suggest that DHED has strong protective effects against cognitive impairments through its antioxidant activity and inhibition of neurotoxicity and intracellular calcium. Thus, DHED may be an important therapeutic agent for memory-impaired symptoms.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2014

Dehydroevodiamine HCl (DHED) has been reported to prevent memory impairment and neuronal cell loss in a rat model with cognitive disturbance. We investigated the effect of DHED on memory impairment and behavioral abnormality caused by stress. We demonstrated that DHED can improve stress-induced memory impairments and depression-like behaviors by using open-field test, Y-maze test and forced swimming test. DHED treatment significantly recovered the decreases in the levels of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) proteins caused by stress and the decreases in cell viability. Our results suggested that DHED is a potential drug candidate for neuronal death, memory impairment and depression induced by stress.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.280-286
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• 2012

본 연구는 바이오가스 생산시설과 연계하는 시설채소 오이의 청정에너지 농업 시스템 구축을 위하여 물질 및 에너지 수지 분석하였으며, 물질 및 에너지 수지 분석을 통해 시설채소 청정에너지 시스템의 도입 방안을 검토하였다. 시설 채소 오이 재배지의 연간 가온용 순에너지요구량 ($E_{YHED}$)을 충족시키는 바이오가스양은 촉성과 반촉성 재배에서 각각 9,482, $2,636Nm^3\;10a^{-1}$ (60% 메탄함량을 기준)이었으며, 바이오가스 생산을 위해서 각각 양돈슬러리 511, $142m^3\;10a^{-1}$가 요구되었다. 해당 양돈슬러리에서 발생하는 질소(N)와 인산 ($P_2O_5$)은 촉성재배에서 1,788, $511kg\;10a^{-1}$, 반촉성 재배에서 497, $142kg\;10a^{-1}$이었으며, 비료성분의 농지환원을 위해서는 촉성 재배의 경우 질소시비 기준 7.5 ha, 반촉성 재배의 경우 질소시비 기준 2.1 ha의 오이재배 면적이 요구되었다. 가온기간 중 촉성 재배에서 일일 가온에너지 요구량 ($E_{i,DHED}$)은 최소 7.7, 최대 515.1, 평균 $310.2Mcal\;10a^{-1}\;day^{-1}$을 나타냈으며, 반촉성 재배에서 일일 가온에너지 요구량 ($E_{i,DHED}$)은 최소 5.3, 최대 258.0, 평균 $165.1Mcal\;10a^{-1}\;day^{-1}$을 나타났다. 촉성 및 반촉성 재배에서 일일 가온에너지 요구량 ($E_{i,DHED}$)의 평균치를 기준으로 산출한 바이오가스 생산 시설의 양돈슬러리 유입용량은 각각 3.3, $1.7m^3\;day^{-1}$이었으며, 일일 가온에너지 요구량 ($E_{i,DHED}$)의 최대값을 기준으로 한 유입용량은 각각 5.4, $2.7m^3\;day^{-1}$로 나타났다. 또한 소화액의 처리측면에서 지역특성에 따라 액비이용을 고려한 바이오가스 생산시설 용량설계와 하절기의 잉여 바이오가스 활용 방안의 모색이 필요하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.452-458
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• 2002

Dehydroevodiamine-HCl (DHED), which is a component separated from Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham, has novel anticholinesterase and antiamnesic activities in a scopolamine-induced amnesia model. Several studies suggest that DHED might be an effective drug for Alzheimer's disease and a vascular type of dementia. DHED was at dose levels of 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day administered intraperitoneally to Sprague-Dawley male rats for 60 days before mating and to females from 14 days before mating to 7 days after mating. Effects of the DHED on general symptom and reproductive performance of parent animals and embryonic development were examined. In male parents, whereas no death was observed, reduction in the increase rate of body weight was found at 200 mg/kg. In female parents, both of the mating performance and the fertility of parent animals were decreased at 200 mg/kg, but not significantly. In 200 mg/kg treated group, the fetal death rate was increased but total fetuses showed no changes compared to the control group. There were no malformed F1 fetuses in all groups.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.65-67
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• 2004

Dehydroevodiamine (DHED) is one of the bioactive components of the Chinese herbal medicine Wu-chu-yu-tang that has been shown to produce various pharmacological effects. In the present study, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of DHED after intravenous administration of two doses (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) in anesthetized rats. The plasma concentration of DHED was measured by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The mean area under the curve of the time-concentration profile was $21.9\;and\;53.9\;{\mu}g{\cdot}min/ml$ after the 2.5- and 5-mg/kg doses, respectively, and the volume of distribution was 1584.9 and 1580.6 ml following 2.5- and 5-mg/kg doses, respectively. Plasma concentration profiles versus time were compatible with a two-compartment model and first-order kinetics. The terminal elimination half-life was $91.8{\pm}16.6\;min$ and $78.7{\pm}11.9\;min$ in the dose of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, respectively. This is the first report to study the pharmacokinetics of DHED in animals.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.656-664
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 하프톤 영상을 LUT(Look-Up Table)를 이용하여 워터마킹하는 새로운 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 방법에서는 워터마크 비트가 하프톤 영상내의 랜덤한 위치의 픽셀에 저장된다. 하프톤 영상의 픽셀값은 그레이스케일 픽셀값과 이웃한 하프톤 픽셀값으로 인덱싱되는 LUT 항목이 된다. LUT는 그레이스케일 영상과 대응되는 하프톤 영상의 집합에 의하여 학습된다. 본 방법의 장점은 다른 방법들에 비하여 상당히 빠른 속도로 워터마킹할 수 있다는 것이다. 따라서 본 알고리즘은 프린터안에 내장될 수 있다. 실제로 스캔된 영상들을 이용한 실험에서 제안된 알고리즘이 가시적인 왜곡 없이 많은 양의 워터마크 데이터를 영상 안에 감출 수 있으며 DHED와 비교하여 품질은 비슷하고 실행시간은 단축된다.