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Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Environmental Water Contamination in a Rural Village of Northern Lao PDR

  • Ribas, Alexis;Jollivet, Chloe;Morand, Serge;Thongmalayvong, Boupha;Somphavong, Silaphet;Siew, Chern-Chiang;Ting, Pei-Jun;Suputtamongkol, Saipin;Saensombath, Viengsaene;Sanguankiat, Surapol;Tan, Boon-Huan;Paboriboune, Phimpha;Akkhavong, Kongsap;Chaisiri, Kittipong
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.55 no.5
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    • pp.523-532
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    • 2017
  • A field survey studying intestinal parasites in humans and microbial pathogen contamination at environment was performed in a Laotian rural village to identify potential risks for disease outbreaks. A parasitological investigation was conducted in Ban Lak Sip village, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR involving fecal samples from 305 inhabitants as well as water samples taken from 3 sites of the local stream. Water analysis indicated the presence of several enteric pathogens, i.e., Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., E. coli H7, E. coli O157: H7, verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC), Shigella spp., and enteric adenovirus. The level of microbial pathogens contamination was associated with human activity, with greater levels of contamination found at the downstream site compared to the site at the village and upstream, respectively. Regarding intestinal parasites, the prevalence of helminth and protozoan infections were 68.9% and 27.2%, respectively. Eight helminth taxa were identified in fecal samples, i.e., 2 tapeworm species (Taenia sp. and Hymenolepis diminuta), 1 trematode (Opisthorchis sp.), and 5 nematodes (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis, trichostrongylids, and hookworms). Six species of intestinal protists were identified, i.e., Blastocystis hominis, Cyclospora spp., Endolimax nana, Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar, Entamoeba coli, and Giardia lamblia. Questionnaires and interviews were also conducted to determine risk factors of infection. These analyses together with a prevailing infection level suggested that most of villagers were exposed to parasites in a similar degree due to limited socio-economic differences and sharing of similar practices. Limited access to effective public health facilities is also a significant contributing factor.

A comparative study of the Dunhuang Costume on the Folk Song's words in Dnag's period of the China. (중국.고대 돈황가중의 복식 연구)

  • 김은주
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.22
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    • pp.159-176
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    • 1994
  • This study's purpose is to find the ancient costume of the folk song's words on Dunhuang manuscripts in the background wass-carvings sculptures and several art works. Dunhuang had played the part of major route between ancient China and Europe. It is located on kam-suksong the west of China. 1. In the aspect of costume arrangement hair Styling is represented by Naegagyo, Wangyesa, Kyongburak, Bonkwyun, Pogurak, Chonsonja, Namgaja, Tongson-ga, Ojesa, Chanboja in Dunhuang manuscripts. tugue is sim-ilar to Sabyokkwanja in Naegagyo as of that time these kinds of Kwan-ja was very popular. It was told that emperor's wife concubine and maid of honor would wear kwnaja favorably. And the kinds of Tugeu is PuyongKwyunkye, Aangunkye, Chunkye from Kyuwanjon except Sangunkye, Ounkye in Dunhuangsa. 2. Jangdaegy is guoted from Kyuw-anjon -A series of the chinese history book-tells us about women's make-up . The narmes of make-up are Hongjang Unjan--g, Yiljang chwejang, Tam-ajang Murgjang, Sanagjang, Light-make up are referred in Naegagyo is included as packjang Besides we can find other make-up skills Huphwaro and Rujang from the Kaewonch onbon-wisa which was Yangkwibi's episodes. We can find the a corpus of song's words about cosmetic custom in Kor-ea. Which is 'Haecho' folk song in the souther-en costal regions 'Jinggum' folk song in Kim-hae regions and so on.... It's words is similar to Dunhuangsa in China. 3. Bichun inherited to China with India Bud-dism art in the middle of Dunhuang wall-pain-tings is one of the important Buddist saint. Sometimes it is painted with Giakchun Its arms of fly-dnacing in heaven with colored belt on body has almost the form of play on the musical instrument, We can see seasily the form in the painting of Buddist ser-mon. It was progressed and changed with the background of chinese traditional culture. When Dang's period came the color was chan-ged lighting dark blue has rhythmical and viv-id power of life. 4. Among the corpus of song's words which express the singers' system and rites of their tradition or habits. Dunhuang manuscripts des-cribes on behalf of the folk song's words in tra-ditional costume. This is following: (1) Naegagyo o sabyokwanja o Chyrasam o Rashang (2) Wangyesa o Sokryugun o Costume for fisher man (3) Bungajang of the chanboja o Ajang (4) Pongkwyun o Chongui (5) Tongsongs o Junofore (6) Namgaja o thin-Rasam (7) Yuchungnang o Hongsam o Sokryugun : The color of red costume (8) Kyongburak o Hongrasam o Sokryugun : Costume for charming woman Therefore traditional costume could be extracted according to the Dunhuang folk song's words out of culture such as learning rit-es three-obedience four-virtues and in-struction. As the same time it reflects ancient China's characteristics directly. I would endeavor to development for the history of the costume furher creative design and participat-ed in research activity with concerns forward continuously.

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Agronomic Characteristics of Transgenic Japonica Rice 'Milyang 204' with Herbicide Resistance Gene (bar) (형질전환 제초제저항성 벼 밀양 204호의 농업적 특성)

  • Jeong Eung-Gi;Yi Gi-Hwan;Won Yong-Jea;Park Hyang-Mi;Cheon Nam-Soo;Choi Jun-Ho;Ku Yeon-Chung;Han Chang-Deok;Eun Mu-Yeong;Kim Tae-Sas;Nam Min-Hee
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.85-90
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    • 2005
  • This study was conducted to investigated the major characteristics of genetically modified rice of 'Milyang 204' originated from Dongjinbyeo compared to a non-transgenic rice varieties Dongjinbyeo and Jun-ambyeo. Basta resistant transgenic rice lines carrying bar gene produced by the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute were evaluated for their agronomic characters. The transgenic Japonica rice of 'Milyang 204' showed inferior phenotypic traits compared to a non-transgenic rice variety Dongjinbyeo and Junambyeo. On the basis of UPOV (Union Internationale Pour la Protaection des Obtentions Vegetables) and NSMO(National Seed Management Office) the transgenic 'Milyang 204' showed difference in some traits out of some agronomic traits, such as leaf color, angle of flag leaf, number of spikelets, culm length, white core and white belly compared to the non-transgenic varieties rice.

Probleme deutscher Verbvalenzlexika aus der Sicht $ausl\"{a}ndischer\;W\"{o}rterbuchbenutzer$ - unter besonderer $Ber\"{u}cksichtigung$ der syntaktischen u. semantischen Informationen - (외국인 사전사용자의 관점에서 본 독일어 동사 결합가 사전의 문제점 - 통사 및 의미 정보를 중심으로 -)

  • Kim Soo-Nam
    • Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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    • v.5
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    • pp.109-141
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    • 2002
  • Die neuere Entwicklung in der Valenzlexikographie $f\"{u}hrt$ hin zum didaktisch orientierten $W\"{o}rterbuch$, in dem die $Valenzeintr\"{a}ge$ neben anderen syntaktischen und semantischen Informationen stehen. Das $Valenzlexikon/-w\"{o}rterbuch$ wendet sich vorrangig an Lehrbuchautoren und Lehrer, die im Bereich Deutsch als Fremdsprache unterrichten, sowie $sekund\"{a}r$ an fortgeschrittene Deutschlemer. Das $Valenzw\"{o}rterbuch\;enth\"{a}lt$, neben den Informationen zur Valenz, genaue morphosyntaktische und semantische Erkl\"{a}rungen$ zu den Verben und ihrer spezifischen Umgebung, ferner Hinweise zur Morphologie, Wortbildung, Passiv- $f\"{a}higkeit$, Stil und Phraseologie. Die Strukturbeschreibungen sind durch zahlreiche Verwendungsbeispiele illustriert. In Helbig/Schenkel(1969, $^{8}1991$) sind die Verben nicht alphabetisch, sondern nach formaler und inhaltlicher $Zusammengeh\"{o}rigkeit$, nach Wortfamilien, Bedeutungsfeldern und Wortbildungsmitteln angeordnet, dagegen sind in Engel/Schumacher(1976, $^{2}1978$) und Bianco{I996) die Verben alphabetisch angeordnet In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden lexikographische Probleme der Verbvalenz- lexika von Helbig/SchenkeJ(1969, $^{8}1991$), Engel/Schumacher(I976, $^{2}1978$) und Bianco(1996) aus der Sicht auslandischer $W\"{o}rterbuchbenutzer$ diskutiert. Hinsichtlich der Lexikoneintragungen (syntaktischer sowie semantischer Informationen) $f\"{u}r$ Verben kann man erkennen, dass zwischen einzelnen Valenzlexika viele Beschreibungsunterschiede $f\"{u}r$ ein bestimmtes Verb bestehen. Man kann feststellen, dass die Informationen zur Valenz, genaue morpho- syntaktische und semantische $Erkl\"{a}rungen$ zu den Verben und ihrer spezifischen Umgebung differieren. Problematisch $f\"{u}r$ nichtmuttersprachliche $W\"{o}rterbuch$benutzer sind die Unterschiede sowohl in Bezug auf Anzahl und Art der $Erg\"{a}nzungen$ als auch in Bezug auf Angabe der $Obligatheit/Fakultativit\"{a}t$ der Korrelate(d.h. der 'Praposi- tionaladverbien' oder der 'Pronominaladverbien'). Auch die $Beispiels\"{a}tze\;mit\;satzformigen\;Erg\"{a}nzungen$(dass-Satz, zu-Inf, ob-Satz, w-Satz) sollten systema- tisch angegeben werden. Das Valenzlexikon soil ein Nachschlagewerk und ein $Lernw\"{o}rterbuch$ zur weiteren Erforschung der syntaktish-semantischen Eigenschaften der deutschen Verben sein. Es ist zu hoffen, dass Valenzlexika als ein wichtiges Hilfsmittel $f\"{u}r$ das Fach Deutsch als Fremdsprache, das sich auf Theone und Praxis des Deutschunterrichts auswirken wird, noch an Bedeutung gewinnen $k\"{o}nnen$.

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The Creative strategy for the school Advertising (대학의 학교홍보를 위한 광고 표현전략연구 - 인쇄매체 광고디자인을 중심으로 -)

  • 장호철
    • Archives of design research
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.75-86
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    • 1999
  • Faced with various challenges given from internal or external, universities and colleges, about 300 in number, began to feel one another as their rival and recognized advertising marketing as a solution of unlimited competition and were in serious action for advertising. School advertising has suddenly increased in quantity, but falls in creative strategy of qualitative level behind corporate or product advertising. This study suggests effective creative strategy, based on comprehension of characteristics of school advertising and on analysis of creative as a strategy, of advertisements put by schools. School advertising demands the approach different from commercial dimension of corporate advertising, because schools are characteristic of public interests. Schools need to take positive creative strategy of image advertising instead of passive type of recruitment announcement. This effective and Positive creative strategy des not only Provide the chance to select schools for customers of school advertising which sets up applicants for admission as the first target audience, but also instills affirmative and positive image in potential customers of the future such as pupils of elementary or middle schools and ordinary people so that it may make effective communication possible

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Der Begriff der Heilkundeausübung nach deutschem Medizinrecht (독일법상 의료행위 개념)

  • Seok-Bae Lee
    • The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.3-31
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    • 2023
  • Der Begriff der Heilkundeausübung ist im positiven Recht in Korea nirgends festgelegt. Der wurde jedoch indirekt durch die Auslegung der Heilkundeausübung ohne Erlaubnis gemäß § 27 Abs. 1 des "Medizingesetzes" geregelt. In der Vergangenheit beschränkte der kOGH(the Supreme Court of Korea) die Heilkundeausübung auf die "Behandlung von Krankheiten und stellte fest, dass "medizinische und technische Maßnahmen, die keine pathologischen Symptome oder Funktionsdefizite im Körper voraussetzen, nicht zur Heilkundeausübung gehören." Danach änderte der kOGH seine Rechtsprechung auf "Vorbeugung oder Behandlung von Krankheiten durch Durchführung ärztlicher Untersuchungen, Optometrie, Verschreibung, Medikation oder chirurgischer Eingriffe auf der Grundlage von Erfahrung und Fähigkeiten, die auf medizinischem Fachwissen basieren, und anderer Gesundheitsfürsorge, definiert "medizinische Maßnahmen" als "eine Handlung, die eine gesundheitliche Gefahr darstellen kann, sofern diese nicht von einem Mediziner durchgeführt wird". Der Begriff der Heilkundeausübung in der Rechtsprechung ist einerseits zu abstrakt und kann eine Leerformel sein, andererseits kann seine Einschränkung eine Gefahr für die öffentliche Gesundheit erbringen. Daher besteht Bedarf an einem Kriterium, das dar derzeitige Begriff der Heilkundeausübung entsprechend dem gesetzgeberischen Ziel reduzieren kann, das Risiko für das Leben, den Körper oder die öffentliche Gesundheit von Menschen zu verhindern, das durch die Durchführung medizinischer Arbeiten durch nichtmedizinisches Personal entstehen kann. Um ein Kriterium vorzustellen, das das aktuelle Konzept der Heilkundeausübung reduzieren kann, werden in diesem Artikel das positive Recht, Theorien und Rechtsprechung zum Begriff der Heilkundeausübung in Deutschland untersucht und nach einer Alternative gesucht.

Development of Deep Recognition of Similarity in Show Garden Design Based on Deep Learning (딥러닝을 활용한 전시 정원 디자인 유사성 인지 모형 연구)

  • Cho, Woo-Yun;Kwon, Jin-Wook
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.52 no.2
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    • pp.96-109
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    • 2024
  • The purpose of this study is to propose a method for evaluating the similarity of Show gardens using Deep Learning models, specifically VGG-16 and ResNet50. A model for judging the similarity of show gardens based on VGG-16 and ResNet50 models was developed, and was referred to as DRG (Deep Recognition of similarity in show Garden design). An algorithm utilizing GAP and Pearson correlation coefficient was employed to construct the model, and the accuracy of similarity was analyzed by comparing the total number of similar images derived at 1st (Top1), 3rd (Top3), and 5th (Top5) ranks with the original images. The image data used for the DRG model consisted of a total of 278 works from the Le Festival International des Jardins de Chaumont-sur-Loire, 27 works from the Seoul International Garden Show, and 17 works from the Korea Garden Show. Image analysis was conducted using the DRG model for both the same group and different groups, resulting in the establishment of guidelines for assessing show garden similarity. First, overall image similarity analysis was best suited for applying data augmentation techniques based on the ResNet50 model. Second, for image analysis focusing on internal structure and outer form, it was effective to apply a certain size filter (16cm × 16cm) to generate images emphasizing form and then compare similarity using the VGG-16 model. It was suggested that an image size of 448 × 448 pixels and the original image in full color are the optimal settings. Based on these research findings, a quantitative method for assessing show gardens is proposed and it is expected to contribute to the continuous development of garden culture through interdisciplinary research moving forward.

Triglyceride Composition of Some Vegetable Oils 1. Triglyceride Composition of Sesame Oil (식물유의 Triglyceride 조성 1. 참기름의 Triglyceride 조성)

  • Park Yeung-Ho;WADA Shun;KOIZUMI Chiaki
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 1981
  • In this study, sesame oil was chosen as the experimental sample and analysed for its triglyceride composition by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) in combination with gas liquid chromatography(GLC). The triglycerides were separated from sesame oil by liquid chromatographies on Bio-Beads SX-2 and on Sephadex LH-20, and fractionated into five groups on the basis of their partition numbers by reverse phase HPLC on a column packed with $\mu-Bondapak$ C18 using methanol-chloroform mix-ture as a solvent. Each of these collected fractions gave one to three peaks in the GLC chromatograms according to the acyl carbon number of the triglyceride, and fatty acid composition of the triglyceride was also analysed by GLC. From the results, it was found that the sesame oil consists with twenty one kinds of triglyceri-des, and the major triglycerides of sesame oil are those of $(2\;{\times}\;C18:1,\;C18:2\;;\;17.1\%),\;(C18:1,\;2{\times}C18:2\;;\;17.0\%),$ $(3\;{\times}\;C18:2\;;\;17.0\%),\;(3\;{\times}\;C18:1\;;\;10.9\%),$ $(3\;{\times}\;C18:2\;;\;9.6\%),\;(C16:0,\;C18:1,C18:2\;;\;7.9\%),$ $(C16:0,\;2\;{\times}\;C18:1\;;\;7.4\%),\;(C16:0,\;2\;{\times}\;C18:2\;;\;6.8\%),$ $(C18:0,\;C18:1,\;C18:2\;;\;3.1\%),\;(2\;{\times}\;C18:0,\;C18:2\;;\;1.5\%)$ $(C18:0,\;2\;{\times}\;C18:1\;;\;1.4\%),\;(C16:0,\;C18:0,\;C18:1\;;\;1.3\%),$ $(2\;{\times}\;C16:0,\;C18:1\;;\;1.2\%),\;and\;(C16:0,C18:0,\;C18:2\;;\;1.0\%)$.

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A Study on the Evolution of 3,4-DCA and TCAB in Some Selected Soils(Part II) -Degradation of $^{14}C-3,4-DCA\;and\;^{14}C-TCAB$- (수종토양중(數種土壤中)에서 3,4-DCA 및 TCAB의 변화(變化)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)(제2보(劑二報)) -$^{14}C-3,4-DCA$$^{14}C-TCAB$ 의 분해(分解)-)

  • Lee, Jae-Koo;Fournier, J.C.
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.71-80
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    • 1978
  • In an attempt to elucidate the fate of 3,4-DCA and TCAB in various French soils, uniformly $^{14}C-ring-labeled$ 3,4-DCA and TCAB mere utilized and the following results obtained. 1) The rate of breakdown of $^{14}C-3,4-DCA$ into $^{14}CO_2$ was relatively higher in the early stage than that in the later stage. In 6 months of incubation in alkaline soil (pH 7.9), the rate was as high as 6.5% at dose 1 (1.5 ppm) and as low as 1.92% at dose 2(94 ppm), whereas in organic acid soil (pH 5.5) the rate was 4.91% at dose 1 and 4.24% at dose 2, respectively, without making any great difference between the two levels. 2) At dose 1, 47.70% of the initial radioactivity of $^{14}C-3,4-DCA$ was bound to soil in organic acid soil and 29.49% bound in alkaline soil, whereas at dose 2, 38.40% in organic acid soil and 20.30% in alkaline soil, respectively. 3) The amount of formation of $^{14}C-TCAB$ from $^{14}C-3,4-DCA$ seems to depend largely on the concentration of 3,4-DCA applied rather than on soil types. At dose 2, the amount was 50% of the total radioactivity extracted in organic acid soil and 30% in alkaline soil, corresponding to 1.8% and 1.4% of the initial radioactivity applied to soil, respectively. Cis-TCAB also seemed to be formed at dose 2 in both soils. Meanwhile, at dose 1, even though $^{14}C-TCAB$ was detected in trace on tlc and glc in both soils, the amount does not exceed 2 to 3% of the radioactivity extracted, corresponding to 0.05 to 0.1% of the initial radioactivity. 4) The rate of breakdown of $^{14}C-TCAB$ into $^{14}CO_2$ ranged from 0.05 to 0.20% in all the four soils. Most of the applied $^{14}C-TCAB$ remained intact after 3 months, not producing any detectable metabolites. 5) The fact that much more $^{14}C-TCAB$ was adsorbed to alkaline soil than to the other soils strongly indicates that in alkaline condition trans-isomer was converted tocisisomer which has the higher adsorption affinity than the former.

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Effects of Sodium Sulfite and Extrusion on the Nutritional Value of Soybean Products for Nursery Pigs

  • Burnham, L.L.;Kim, I.H.;Kang, J.O.;Rhee, H.W.;Hancock, J.D.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.13 no.11
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    • pp.1584-1592
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    • 2000
  • Three hundred nursery pigs were used in two growth assays (avg initial BW of 6.5 and 6.0 kg, respectively) to determine the effects of sodium sulfite ($Na_2SO_3$) as an extrusion aid for soy products used in diets for weanling pigs. In Exp. 1, treatments were arranged as $3{\times}2$ factorial with main effects of soy product [soybean meal (SBM), extruded SBM, and dry-extruded whole soybeans (DEWS)] and concentration of $Na_2SO_3$ (0 and 10 g/kg of soy product). The extruded SBM and DEWS treatments were processed in a dry extruder ($Insta-Pro^{(R)} $, Triple F Nutrition, Des Moines, IA) with barrel temperatures and throughputs of $169^{\circ}C$ and 578 kg/h, and $147^{\circ}C$ and 598 kg/h, respectively. All diets were formulated to 3.5 Mcal/kg DE, with 0.92% lysine for d 0 to 14, and 0.76% lysine for d 14 to 28. For d 0 to 14, there was a tendency for pigs fed diets with $Na_2SO_3$ to have greater ADG (p<0.08), and pigs fed SBM to have greater ADFI (p<0.02), thus pigs fed the extruded soy products has 15% greater gain/feed than those fed SBM (p<0.007). For d 14 to 28, there were no differences in ADG or gain/feed among pigs fed diets with SBM and those fed diets with the extruded soy products (p>0.15). However, pigs fed DEWS had greater ADG than pigs fed extruded SBM, and pigs fed $Na_2SO_3$ had greater ADG and ADFI compared to those not fed $Na_2SO_3$ (p<0.02 and 0.08, respectively). The positive response in ADG and gain/feed to the addition of $Na_2SO_3$ resulted with SBM and extruded SBM treatments, and not with DEWS (interaction effect, p<0.04). Overall (d 0 to 28), pigs fed DEWS had greater ADG (p<0.01) and gain/feed (p<0.08) than pigs fed extruded SBM. Also pigs fed diets with $Na_2SO_3$ had greater ADG, ADFI, and gain/feed compared to those fed diets without $Na_2SO_3$ (p<0.002, 0.04, and 0.04, respectively). Exp. 2 was designed as a $2{\times}3$ factorial with main effects of soy product (SBM and DEWS) and concentration of $Na_2SO_3$ (none, 7.5, and 15.0 g/kg of soy product). As in Exp. 1, all diets were formulated to 3.5 Mcal/kg DE, with 0.92% lysine for d 0 to 13, and 0.76% lysine for d 13 to 53. At a constant processing temperature (148 to $149^{\circ}C$, $Na_2SO_3$ increased throughput of the extruder (578, 595, and 602 kg/h for the 0, 7.5, and 15.0 g/kg additions, respectively). For d 0 to 13, treatment had no effect on ADG or ADFI, but gain/feed decreased for pigs fed SBM with increasing concentrations of $Na_2SO_3$, and increased for pigs fed DEWS with increasing concentrations of $Na_2SO_3$ (SBM vs DEWS sulfite quadratic interaction, p<0.03). For d 13 to 35, pigs fed DEWS had greater ADG (p<0.01) and gain/feed (p<0.001) than pigs fed SBM. Also, ADFI decreased and gain/feed increased with increasing concentrations of $Na_2SO_3$ (linear effects, p<0.04 and 0.01, respectively). Overall, pigs fed the diets with DEWS had greater ADG and gain/feed than pigs fed SBM (p<0.003 and 0.002, respectively), and $Na_2SO_3$ tended to decrease ADFI and increase gain/feed (linear effects, p<0.07 and 0.06, respectively). In conclusion, pigs fed DEWS had greater rate and efficiency of gain than pigs fed SBM. Also, adding $Na_2SO_3$ prior to extrusion increased yield and feed efficiency.