• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.247-253
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a visual flow speed's modulation-based VR(virtual reality) program on gait function in stroke patients. Thirty one stroke patients were randomly selected at Dep. of Rehabilitation medicine of M hospital in Seoul. We carried out the gait analysis by dividing them with four conditions : one condition had applied without the visual flow modulation-based VR and another had done three visual flow speed's modulation-based VR(0.25, 1, 2 times). The gait analysis was used with GaitRite system. The data were collected using gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length, single support time, and double support time during treatment. The results were as follows. First, the slow visual flow(0.25 times)-based VR program on the condition was significant decrease gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length and increase single support time, double support time(p<.05). Second, the fast visual flow(2 times)-based VR program on the condition was significant increase gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length, single support time on paretic lower limb and decrease single support time on non-paretic lower limb, double support time(p<.05). Third, the normal visual flow(1 times)-based VR program on the condition was not significant differ gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length, single support time, double support time. In conclusion, the visual flow speed's modulation-based VR program improves gait function in chronic stroke patients.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.557-563
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• 2017

This study aims to obtain information about the ADL and I-ADL functions of people with dementia living in the community and nursing care facilities regarding their dementia stages for the purpose of supporting occupational therapists working in dementia care centers. The information was collected from 100 people with dementia living in the community and 100 people with dementia staying in care facilities from October 1 to November 20, 2015. 15 facilities participated in this study, including nursing homes, day care centers, health centers, geriatric hospitals and metropolitan dementia centers. All of the assessors were trained in the use of the instruments, ADCS-ADL, S-IADL, S-ADL and MMSE-K, by the researcher before conducting any evaluations or interviews. In order to compare the differences in the levels of ADL according to the dementia stage, an analysis was made via the post-hoc test after conducting a one-way ANOVA. An analysis of the residence type and dementia stage was made through the independent t-test. The comparison of the level of ADL between the people with dementia living in the community and those living in nursing homes showed differences in the moderate level of dementia for all items of the I-ADL and ADL (p<.01). The post-hoc test showed that there is a difference among the minimum, mild, and moderate levels. When the differences in ADL according to the residence type were examined, there were no significant differences in any of the stages (p>.05). Considering these results, it may be critical to identify the changes in the I-ADL rather than those in the ADL for the outcome index when conducting future intervention studies on dementia.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.419-427
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• 2020

In the case of large combined weapon systems, such as submarines, the application, and verification of methods of setting the reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) target values for conventional weapon systems are limited. Submarines are complex weapon systems with the characteristics of the diversity of operation mode summary and mission profiles (OMS/MP) as well as equipment complexity because they are composed of multiple weapon systems, such as sonar systems and armed systems. Therefore, this study analyzed the development cases of existing weapon systems, i.e., the RAM target value-setting cases, and derived the problems and limitations of the cases to present measures to improve the setting and verification of the ram target values of submarines. In addition, submarines operate around the world and have different operating and maintenance conditions. Therefore, a submarine's ram target values should be set and verified centering on the mission essential equipment and mission critical equipment, instead of all components that constitute weapon systems. This study examined a method to verify the required performance RAM target-value setting, considering the characteristics of submarines as well as the physical performance requirements for the systems and equipment of submarines that must be considered when implementing national defense acquisition projects for submarines.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.113-120
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• 2015

Purpose - As the rapid development of ICT has been made recently, many domestic companies are trying to introduce smart work infrastructure. The purpose of institution of smart work is to enhance their performance. To this end, it is necessary to advance the way of working. Developing employees' collective intelligence should be regarded as a prerequisite for advancing the way of working. Job satisfaction of the employees is another important factor to enhance organizational performance. So this study aims to provide the theoretical background of systematic approach to smart work quality by empirically analyzing the effect of smart work quality on collective intelligence and job satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology - A structural equation model was designed to examine cause-and-effect relationships among three latent variables(smart work quality, collective intelligence, job satisfaction). Three hypotheses were formulated. The first hypothesis is that the effect of smart work quality on collective intelligence will be positively and statistically significant. Likewise, the second hypothesis is that the effect of smart work quality on job satisfaction will be positively and statistically significant. Finally, the third hypothesis is that the effect of collective intelligence on job satisfaction will be positively and statistically significant. Based on the previous researches, 34 questionnaire items were developed to measure the effect of the three variables. The survey was conducted on 162 employees who are working under smart work environment. The number of the effective questionnaires for the analysis was 154. PASW Statistics 18 and AMOS 18 were used for the statistical analysis. Results - The validity and reliability test for questionnaire items have been carried out. From the factor analysis, 1 out of 34 items was eliminated. As a result, 33 out of 34 items were used for analyzing. The values of Cronbach's α ranged from 0.701 to 0.910, indicating the acceptable reliability of the questionnaire items. The values of χ2, df, CFI, TLI, RMSEA of the model are 102.838, 51, 0.949, 0.935, 0.082, respectively. So the structural equation model was statistically significant. The first and third hypotheses were supported. But the second hypothesis was rejected. Conclusions - An analysis using structural equation model showed meaningful implications about the effect of smart work quality on collective intelligence and job satisfaction. First, as the five quality elements of the smart work improved, the level of collective intelligence increased. Second, the statistical analysis showed smart work didn't have a direct effect on job satisfaction, which is inconsistent with the prior findings. The main purpose of smart work is to help achieve greater performance. The companies also need to make efforts to improve job satisfaction of their employees along with achieving greater performance. Third, an organization with higher level of collective intelligence showed greater job satisfaction. The companies under smart work environment need to develop functions to encourage participation, sharing, openness, and collaboration. This research will provide useful information for the companies which want to introduce smart work, distribution information system, management information system, etc.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

The data of fair value hierarchy is expected to contain different degree of measurement error, information asymmetry, and information risk by the level of hierarchy. Thus, this study examines how hierarchy of fair value discriminately influences on companies' cost of capital. Through regression analysis of corporations listed from 2011 to 2014, it turns out that the regression coefficient of level 1 and 2 of fair value variable vary their rank by cost of capital types, while level 3 contains the highest regression coefficient for every cost of capital variable. In addition, further study of how the relevance between cost of capital and the fair value hierarchy gets affected by market risk management level and audit quality finds no consistent results. However, by analyzing the effect of coincident interaction through the convergence of market risk management and audit quality, when audit quality and market risk management level are high, the effect of relieving cost of capital of Level 3 gets the highest. In conclusion, fair value hierarchy data seems to affect discriminately on cost of capital by involved information risk, and the information risk could decrease by the level of market risk management and audit quality.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.3 no.2 s.8
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• pp.141-147
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• 2001

Maintenance cost for managing the whole network of Expressway system in Korea increases rapidly with the increase of the total length of the system. Implementation of the Pavement Management System(PMS) is essential for efficient management of the Expressway with a limited budget. The purpose of this study is to develop the main algorithm of PMS for Korea Expressway System and to associate the algorithm with database and the Highway Geographic Information System(HGIS) recently developed. Emphasis is laid on developing the algorithm as easy as possible, so that the users can use the PMS without practical difficulty. PMS is not the decision maker, but just a supporting system for the user. The algorithm is designed in such a way that the users can modify the decision criteria if necessary. The user is the one who makes the final decision of the priority and the maintenance alternatives. The users can also inquire the current condition of the whole Expressway network in detail by association of the database and the algorithm with HGIS.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2014

High-frequency is sound produced in non-audible area, which couldn't be heard in daily life. The frequency range above 22Khz is called 'high-frequency' and its components are called 'HFC(High-Frequency Components)'. It is known that ocean wave sound is rich in HFC, because it brings serenity and causes ${\alpha}$-waves in human mind. When this natural sound is combined with high-frequency, it seems to give a pleasurable feeling, indicated by an ${\alpha}$-wave increase and a ${\beta}$-wave decrease. We call this phenomena "the hypersonic effects". In this experiment, subjects listened to the ocean wave sound simultaneously with corresponding frequencies similar to ocean wave frequency components created artificially in a electric circuit. Brain waves were measured by an EEG system with 8 channels using 8 electrodes on Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, T3, T4, O1, and O2. The results showed that ${\alpha}$-wave increase and ${\beta}$-wave decrease were statistically significant while subjects were listening to the ocean wave sound along with the high frequency components, reflecting the hypersonic effect.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1723-1727
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• 2008

Chlorella sp. CMS-1 strain was isolated from the outdoors cultivation pools in Culmansa Co., Ltd. This strain was found to be a rounded type of 3 ${\mu}m$. Phylogenetic analysis by the 18S rRNA sequencing using isolated strain is most similar to Chlorella sp. IFRPD 1018 gene at the level of nucleotide sequence identity at 99%. Accordingly, the isolated Chlorella strain was named as Chlorella sp. CMS-1 based on its morphological and phylogenetic properties. The concentrations of crude protein and fat were 59% and 0.01%, respectively. Major compositional amino acids (mg%) were glutamic acid 6.21, alanine 5.76, aspartic acid 5.44%, glycine 4.29%, and threonine 3.09% and major free amino acids (mg%) were ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) 7.13%, L-alanine 1.44%, L-glutamic acid 0.90, L-leucine 0.26% and L-glycine 0.20%. The concentrations of major minerals were P 2.25%, K 2.25%, Na 1.09%, Mg 0.63%, and Ca 0.28%.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.41-46
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• 2015

The objective of this study is to measure the levels of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in livestock manure composting facility according to seasonal condition. Mean concentrations of ammonia in livestock manure composting facility were 84.3 (${\pm}15.2$) ppm for spring, 115.2 (${\pm}34.7$) ppm for summer, 76.2 (${\pm}18.9$) ppm for autumn, and 38.1 (${\pm}10.4$) ppm for winter, respectively. Based on the results obtained from this study, the seasonal levels of ammonia in livestock manure composting facility were highest in summer followed by autumn, spring and winterroom (p<0.05). Mean concentrations of hydrogen sulfide in livestock manure composting facility were 7.46 (${\pm}2.24$) ppm for spring, 9.42 (${\pm}2.82$) ppm for summer, 8.15 (${\pm}3.06$) ppm for autumn, and 10.18 (${\pm}4.11$) ppm for winter, respectively. The livestock manure composting facility showed the highest levels of hydrogen sulfide in winter followed by summer, autumn and spring. However, there was no significant difference of hydrogen sulfide concentration among seasons (p>0.05).

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.6 no.1 s.11
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• pp.19-28
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• 2000

Now in order to overcome the weakest points of the rural areas of the city of Kimje and, transform them into rural cultural villages which have local governing systems suitable to new localization age and activate this plan, we selected Daesan Village as a model village which had shown a lot of potentials in the basic research and studied it dividing it into the former part and the latter part. We studied Daesan village in the former part focusing on state analysis and basic ideas and in the latter part focusing on master plan and detail planning. We can summarize the conclusion like the followings. 1. Daesan Village located 8 kilometer away from the downtown Kimje and the city of Iksan respectably has comparatively good environment of good sunny place as an open field whose surrounding configuration of the ground consists of farming lands and low hills in front and rear. It has 38 farming households in all. 2. Human environment(인문환경); the village road whose width is about 4 meters is forming a flow system forking off into three. There is a route bus which operates three times a day even into the inside of the village. The main sources of revenue are vegetables in facilities, fruits and floriculture. Their average revenue is about 10.5 million won. 3. Here in DaeSan Village a legend dealing with Teasan literally meaning a big mountain consist of th village's tradition and you can see the tombs of a very faithful son and Anwi an army general in the age of the Japanese Invasion of Korea of 1592 to 1598 inside the village. 4. 85 out of the eitire population 141 whose age are over 20 showed very positive attitudes in a questionnaire about, making the village a cultural one and its development. 5. The basic of planned ideas is to increase the revenue of the farming household by making the village a professional farming one which has a state-of the-art production facility and agricultural technique. It is to make the village the one where people can enjoy the sense of the rural life and the farmer can enjoy their lives through consumptive and consistant leisure and resting activities. 6. We are planning to make entrance space, life space, rest and sport space, and cultural space considering the characteristics of the village and the demand of the resident. We are also planning to make tile entire city of Kimje an information transmitting base in short and long term perspectives. 7. DaeSan Village was planned as a place where tradition and the future exist together. On the basis of this concept we planned future programs for Daesan Village and in the latter part of the study master plans and detail plans will be continued.the regional agricultural condition. The development permissions were only during the period of restricted to use ($1979.12{\sim}1993.11$). We propose that the authority of development permission should be given to the local autonomy government, because the local government has the knowledge of its individual agricultural conditions.