• Title/Summary/Keyword: DEM

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Extracting Topographic Information from SPOT-5 HRG Stereo Images (SPOT-5 HRG 스테레오 영상으로부터 지형정보 추출)

  • Lee, Jin-Duk;Lee, Seong-Sun;Jeong, Tae-Sik
    • Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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    • v.14 no.4 s.38
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    • pp.61-70
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    • 2006
  • This paper presents photogrammetric processing to generate digital elevation models using SPOT-5 HRG stereo images and deals with the accuracy potential of HRG (High Resolution Geometry) supermode imagery for DEM generation. After bundle adjustment was preformed for sensor modelling, digital surface models were generated through the procedures of Epipolar image resampling and image matching. The DEM extracted from HRG imagery was compared along several test sections with the the refernce DEM which was obtained from the digital topographic maps of a scale of 1 to 5000. The ratio of the zone with DEM errors less than 5m to the whole zone was 53.8%, and about 2.5m RMSE was showed when assuming that the zones larger than 5m were affected by clouds, water bodies and buildings and excluding those zones from accuracy evaluation. In addition, the three-dimensional bird's eye view model and 3D building model were producted based on the DSM which was extracted from SPOT-5 HRG data.

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Comparison of Geomorphological Parameters Derived from Different Digital Elevation Model Resolutions in Chuncheon, South Korea (수치표고모델 해상도에 따라 도출된 춘천지역의 지형학적 매개변수 비교)

  • LEE, Jun-Gu;SUH, Young-Cheol;LEE, Dong-Ha
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.106-114
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    • 2018
  • DEM(Digital Elevation Model) are now easily produced with advancing remote sensing technology. Depending on desired task, UAV can produce high resolution DEM. But high resolution comes with issues of data storage and processing time and cost. To check the effect of DEM resolution, this study compares six geomorphological parameters derived from different resolution DEM in a test area around Chuncheon, Korea. The comparison analysis was based on statistics of each derivatives of slope, curvature, flow direction, flow accumulation, flow length and basin. As a result, it was found that DEM remained unchanged and so did the flow accumulation area. However, slope, curvature, flow length and basin numbers were decreased with the normalization of increasing pixel size. DEM resolution should be carefully selected depending on the precision of application required.

Development of the Building Boundary Detection for Building DEM Generation (건물 DEM 생성을 위한 경계검출법 개발)

  • 유환희;손덕재;김성우
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.421-429
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    • 1999
  • It is estimated that, in the twenty-first century, 70% of global citizens will live in urban areas. This accelerated urbanization will require a greater need for the building DEM and orthoimagery along with Geographic Information System for urban management. The building DEM requires the detection of outlines showing building shapes. To do this, automatic and semiautomatic building extractions are usually used. However, in cases where automatic extraction is performed directly from the aerial images, accurate building outline extraction is very difficult because of shadow, roof color, and neighboring trees making it hard to discern building roofs. To overcome this problem semiautomatic building extraction was suggested in this paper. When a roof texture was homogeneous, building outline detection was performed by mouse-clicking on a part of the roof. To construct the building outlines when the texture was not homogeneous, a computer program was developed to search out corner points by clicking spots near corner points. The building DEM was generated by taking into account building outlines and heights calculated by image matching.

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Accuracy Investigation of DEM generated from Heterogeneous Stereo Satellite Images using Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPC를 이용한 이종센서 위성영상으로부터의 수치고도모형 정확도 평가)

  • Song, Yeong-Sun
    • Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.121-128
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    • 2014
  • This study investigated the accuracy of DEM generated by heterogeneous stereo satellite images based on RPC. Heterogeneous sensor images with different spatial resolution are SPOT-5 panchromatic and IKONOS images. For the accuracy evaluation of the DEM, we compared the DEMs generated from two kinds of sensors and that produced using homogeneous SPOT-5 and IKONOS stereo images. As results of the evaluation, accuracy of 3D positioning by heterogeneous images was substantially similar to that of homogeneous stereo images for exact conjugate points. But, in terms of quality of the DEM, DEM generated by heterogeneous sensor showed a lower accuracy about twice in RMSE and about 3 times in LE90 than that of homogeneous sensors. As a result, DEM can be generated by using heterogenous satellite imagery. But if we use a stereo image with different spatial resolution, the performance of image matching was very important factor for the production of high-quality DEM.

Die wahlweise Vereinbarung zwischen Schieds- und Staatsgericht (선택적 중재합의조항의 유효성과 문제점)

  • 정선주
    • Journal of Arbitration Studies
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.585-612
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    • 2004
  • Die vorliegende Arbeit bezieht sich auf die Probleme, ob eine Vereinbarung, in der einer der Parteien oder den beiden ein Wahlrecht zwischen ordentlichem Gericht und Schiedsgericht eingeraumt ist, als eine wirksame Schiedsvereinbarung anzusehen ist, wem das Wahlrecht zuzustehen ist und wie das Wahlrecht auszuuben ist. Im Hinblick auf diese Problematik stehen nicht nur in der Literatur sondern auch in der Praxis die Meinungen einander kontrar gegenuber. Die Wirksamkeit einer wahlweisen Vereinbarung zwischen Schiedsund Staatsgericht ergibt sich vor allem aus dem Wesen der Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit, dem allgemeinen Personlichkeitsrecht i.V.m. Vertragsfreiheit und nicht zuletzt dem effektiven Rechtsschutz. Weil es fur das schiedsgerichtliche Verfahren wesentlich ist, dass es an die Stelle des sonst offenstehenden Verfahrens vor den Staatsgerichten tritt und nach dem Erlass des Schiedsspruchs die Beschreitung des ordentlichen Rechtswegs auszuschliessen ist, ist es erforderlich, den Parteien die Erledigung des Rechtsstreits auf verschiedene Weise zu gewahrleisten. Das tragt auch zum effektiven Rechtsschutz der Parteien bei. Ausserdem ist es nicht einzusehen, warum es rechtlich nicht moglich sein sollte, die Vertragsschliessenden sich gegenseitig das Wahlrecht zwischen Schiedsgericht und Staatsgericht einzuraumen. Die Vertragsfreiheit bzw. das allgemeine Personlichkeitsrecht gilt auch fur Schiedsvertrage. Wenn die Parteiautonomie im Privatrecht ihren Sinn behalten sollte, ist es notwendig, den Parteiwillen in dem wortlichen Ausdruck und in seinem Sinngehalt bestehen zu lassen. Damit steht fest, dass gegen die Einraumung eines Wahlrechts zwischen staatlichem Gericht und Schiedsgericht grundsatzlich keine Bedenken bestehen. Das Hauptproblem der wahlweisen Vereinbarung zwischen Schiedsund Staatsgericht liegt nicht in ihrer Wirksamkeit, vielmehr in den einzelnen Problemen hinsichtlich des Wahlrechts, namlich das Subjekt, die Art und Weise der Ausubung des Wahlrechts usw. Das Wahlrecht kann aufgrund der Parteivereinbarung nur einer Partei vorbehalten bleiben oder beiden eingeraumt werden. Anders als die Ansicht des hochsten Gerichtshofes ist von der Bindung der Partei an die Ausubung des Wahlrechts auszugehen, wenn die andere yon dem Wahlrecht Gebrauch macht. In bezug auf die Bindung bedarf es im Prinzip keiner erganzenden Vereinbarung, denn mit dem Verneinen dieser Bindung wurde zugleich das Wahlrecht selbst geleugnet. Ein Verbrauch des Wahlrechts ist anzunehmen, sobald die Klage vor dem staatlichen Gericht erhoben oder das Schiedsverfahren eingeleitet wurde. Steht das Wahlrecht nur einer Partei zu, ist es entsprechend §381 KBGB Frist zu setzen, nach deren fruchtlosem Ablauf das Wahlrecht ubergeht.

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Eine statistische Untersuchung zur Wortstellung im Deutschen (독일어의 어순에 관한 몇 가지 관찰 - 부사와 목적어의 어순 및 동사위치에 따른 어순변화)

  • Song Kyung-An;Cho Tong Sop
    • Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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    • v.3
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    • pp.75-94
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    • 2001
  • Die vorliegende Arbeit versuchte durch Umfragen an die deutschen Studierenden eine statistische Untersuchung $\"{u}ber$ die Grundwortstellung des Objekts und der Adverbien des Deutschen und $\"{u}ber$ ihre $Ver\"{a}nderungsm\"{o}glichkeit$ in Bezug auf die Verbposition. Dabei wurde gezeigt, dass die Grundwortstellung je nach der Art der Adverbien variiert. Die temporalen Adverbien gehen z.B. dem Objekt vor, $w\"{a}hrend$ die lokalen Adverbien generell hinter dem Objekt stehen. Im Gegensatz zum Ergebnis von Song (1993) wurde aber fesgestellt, dass im Deutschen die Wortfolge 'Objekt + Adverb' eher die vorherrschendere ist, als die von 'Adverb + Objekt'. Hier sollte man aber klarmachen, dass man dabei fast keine absolut bevorzugte Grund­wortstellung festlegen konnte, sondem dass sie eher je nach dem Sprecher sehr variiert. Im Vergleich mit dem Koreanischen, wo die Grundwortstellung zwischen dem Objekt und Adverbien nicht schwankend ist, ist es dem Deutschen charakteristisch, dass diese Grundwortstellung je nach der Art der Adverbien variiert und auch je nach dem Sprecher schwankend ist. Die Wortstellung des Deutschen kontrastiert sich auch gegen die des Englischen, in dem das Objekt konsistent den Adverbien vorgeht. Diese Ergebnisse waren $f\"{u}r$ DaF in Korea sinnvoll, wo das Englische als die erste und das Deutsche als die zweite Fremdsprache gelehrt werden und die Lemenden im Deutschunterricht nicht nur ihre Muttersprache, sondern auch das Englische als Bezugspunkt nehmen. Durch die Umfragen hat es sich nun ergeben, dass die Grund­wortstellung des Deutschen auch mit der Verbposition $zusammenh\"{a}ngt$. D.h., im Deutschen, wo das Verb an der zweiten Stelle oder am Ende des Satzes vorkommen kann, kann die Wortstellung von der Verbposition beeinflusst werden. Unter den verbfinalen Strukturen zeigt sich in den $Nebens\"{a}tzen\;die\;M\"{o}glichkeit\;der\;Wortfolgever\"{a}nderung$ deutlicher als in den $Modalverbs\"{a}tzen$ oder in den perfektiven$S\"{a}tzen$.

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UAV Utilization for Efficient Estimation of Earthwork Volume Based on DEM

  • Seong, Jonghyeun;Cho, Sun Il;Xu, Chunxu;Yun, Hee Cheon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.39 no.5
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    • pp.279-288
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    • 2021
  • In the era of the 4th industrial revolution, smart construction, in which new technologies such as UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) are fused, is attracting attention in the construction field. However, the method of estimating earthwork volume using DEM generated by UAV survey according to practical regulations such as construction design guidelines or standard product counting is not officially recognized and needs to be improved. In this study, different types of UAV were measured and DEM was obtained using this data. The DEM (Digital Elevation Model) thus obtained was analyzed for changes in the amount of earthworks according to the size of the GSD (Ground Sample Distance). In addition, the amount of earthwork by DEM and the amount of earthwork by existing design drawings were compared and analyzed. As a result of the study, it was suggested that images with a GSD of 5cm or less are effective to generate a high-quality DEM. Next, as a result of comparing the earthwork volume calculation method using DEM and the earthwork volume based on the existing 2D design drawings, a difference of about 1% was shown. In addition, when the design earthwork amount calculated by the double-section averaging method was compared with the designed earthwork amount using DEM data by UAV survey, a difference of about 1% was found. Therefore, it is suggested that the method of calculating the amount of earthworks using UAV is an efficient method that can replace the existing method.

DEM Accuracy Assessment of Color Aerial Image (천연색 항공영상의 수치표고모형 정확도 평가)

  • 김감래;황원순;전호원
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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    • 2004.04a
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    • pp.259-262
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    • 2004
  • There is the case to make the image map by using color aerial photo, DEM gives the accuracy of the Ortho image. Therefore We evaluate the accuracy by digital photogrammetric system after generating the DEM of Color Aerial Image.

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Updating DEM for Improving Geomorphic Details (미기복 지형 표현을 위한 DEM 개선)

  • Kim, Nam-Shin
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.64-72
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    • 2009
  • The method to generate a digital elevation model(DEM) from contour lines causes a problem in which the low relief landform cannot be clearly presented due to the fact that it is significantly influenced by the expression of micro landform elements according to the interval of contours. Thus, this study attempts to develop a landcover burning method that recovers the micro relief landform of the DEM, which applies buffering and map algebra methods by inputting the elevation information to the landcover. In the recovering process of the micro landform, the DEM was recovered using the buffering method and elevation information through the map algebra for the landcover element for the micro landform among the primary DEM generation, making landcover map, and landcover elements. The recovering of the micro landform was applied based on stream landforms. The recovering of landforms using the buffering method was performed for the bar, which is a polygonal element, and wetland according to the properties of concave/convex through generating contours with a uniform interval in which the elevation information applied to the recovered landform. In the case of the linear elements, such as bank, road, waterway, and tributary, the landform can be recovered by using the elevation information through applying a map algebra function. Because the polygonal elements, such as stream channel, river terrace, and artificial objects (farmlands) are determined as a flat property, these are recovered by inputting constant elevation values. The results of this study were compared and analyzed for the degree of landform expression between the original DEM and the recovered DEM. In the results of the analysis, the DEM produced by using the conventional method showed few expressions in micro landform elements. The method developed in this study well described wetland, bar, landform around rivers, farmland, bank, river terrace, and artificial objects. It can be expected that the results of this study contribute to the classification and analysis of micro landforms, plain and the ecology and environment study that requires the recovering of micro landforms around streams and rivers.

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A study on the generation of Road DEM with high accuracy using Laser scanning data (레이저 스캐닝 데이터를 이용한 정밀 도로 수치표고모델 제작에 관한 연구)

  • 김준철;박수영;윤여상;주영은;최종현
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.245-250
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    • 2003
  • Digital Elevation Model(DEM) is basic spatial information used in various GIS areas such as spatial analysis, 3D modeling, etc. In particular, DEM of road inclined plane is need for the plan, design, construction and maintenance of social infrastructures such as roads and bridges in construction technology, one of GIS application. However, generating DEM of road inclined plane with high accuracy is very difficult. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose how to generate road DEM with high accuracy through extracting road inclined plane automatically using Laser scanning data.

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