• 한국레이저가공학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2005

The excimer laser ablation of a polymer occurs by the excitation of chemical bonds to energy levels that are above the dissociation energy. In this process, however, fragmented debris is finally ejected explosively by the scission of bonds and accumulates on the material surface. In the present work, a process for eliminating surface debris contamination generated by the laser ablation of a polymer is developed. The proposed approach for removing surface debris utilizes an erasable ink pasted on a polymide. The ink pasted polyimide is ablated by KrF excimer laser. The surface debris ejected from the polyimide is then combined with the ink layer on the polymer. Finally, both the surface debris and the ink layer are removed using adhesive tape or alcohol solvent. The results suggest that the erasable ink method is a simple, low cost, and extremely effective debris eliminating process.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.637-646
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• 2020

산지 사면에서 발생하는 토석류는 지형변화에 큰 영향을 미치는 대표적인 자연재해 중 하나이다. 특히, 도심지역에서 발생된 토석류는 유동 및 퇴적과정에서 막대한 재산피해와 인명피해를 야기할 수 있으며 이러한 토석류로 인한 피해를 줄이기 위해서는 토석류의 유동과 피해규모를 예측하기 위한 해석모형들이 필수적이다. 하지만 아직 토석류 모형들의 매개변수에 대한 분석은 충분하지 않으며, 특히 토석류의 유동과정 및 피해 규모에 큰 영향을 미치는 연행작용에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 국내에서 개발된 토석류 유동해석 모형인 Deb2D 모형을 통하여 토석류의 매개변수 변화에 따른 흐름, 피해지역에 미치는 영향 그리고 침식과정에 대하여 분석하였다. 2011년 우면산에서 발생한 산사태에 적용하였으며, 수치모형의 객관적인 정확성 판단을 위해 현장 조사를 통해 얻어진 토석류의 피해 범위, 총 퇴적량, 특정 지점에서 관측된 최대 퇴적 높이, 토석류의 첨두 유속를 검토하였다. 또한 매개변수 변화가 연행작용에 미치는 영향에 대하여 침식 형상 및 깊이를 통해 분석하였다. 연행작용을 고려한 래미안 아파트와 신동아 아파트 유역의 모의는 성공적으로 수행되었다. 매개변수 변화에 따른 두 유역에서의 민감도 분석을 통해 각 매개변수의 영향성을 판단할 수 있었다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.507-516
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• 2015

Debris flow is a representative natural disaster in Korea and occurs frequently every year. Recently, it has caused considerable damage to property and considerable loss of life in both mountainous and urban regions. Therefore, It is necessary to estimate the scope of damage for a large area in order to predict the debris flow. A response model such as the random walk model(RWM) can be used as a useful tool instead of a physics-based numerical model. RWM is a probability model that simplifies both debris flows and sedimentation characteristics as a factor of slopes for a subjective site and represents a relatively simple calculation method compared to other debris flow behavior calculation models. Although RWM can be used to analyzing and predicting the scope of damage caused by a debris flow, input variables for terrain conditions are yet to be determined. In this study, optimal input variables were estimated using DEM generated from the Aerial Photograph and LiDAR data of Mt. Umyeon, Seoul, where a large-scale debris flow occurred in 2011. Further, the deposition volume resulting from the debris flow was predicted using the input variables for a specific area in which the deposition volume could not be calculated because of work restoration and the passage of time even though a debris flow occurred there. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the result of predicting the deposition volume in the debris flow with the result obtained from a debris flow behavior analysis model, Debris 2D.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.84-89
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• 2018

The number of landslides has increased since the 2000s due to the increased frequency of heavy rainfall caused by abnormal weather. A variety of debris flow prevention facilities have been installed as a countermeasure against this problem. However, it is not easy to evaluate the efficiency of debris flow prevention structures except for the structures with constant volume such as the erosion dam, because the other structures are limited to be reproduced in simulation program for debris flow. Therefore, the methods by which the debris flow prevention structures were modeled were proposed, and the efficiency of four prevention structures installed in Baekyang Mt. in Busan was evaluated with UDS, which accuracy had been verified, using these methods. The initial amount of debris flow was determined based on landslide which occurred in 2014, and specifications of the complex retaining walls around the settlements were measured and applied modeling for terrain. The numerical results showed that the efficiency of debris flow prevention structures could be quantitatively presented. Among the debris flow prevention structures installed in Baekyang Mt., prevention structure of barrier type for debris flow was the most efficiency and debris flow prevention device was the lowest efficiency when the only depth of debris was evaluated. It seems that this study is meaningful to propose the methods which were used to model the debris flow prevention structures that could not be reproduced in most 2D debris flow numerical analysis programs. If precise verification of the presented methods is carried out, it will be possible to provide clear criteria for the efficiency evaluation method of disaster prevention structures.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2002

(1) This study was carried out to obtain seasonal fluctuations of marine debris in 5 beaches near the Southern Coast of Korea during May, 1999 - April, 2000. The results are as follows: 1. The density of marine debris was remarkably highest at Namhae beach among 5 beaches. The major part of debris in the beach was styrofoam, with the density of 348.5${ea/km}^2$. But, it was Songjung where the largest amount of resin pellets existed. 2. The composition of styrofoam consisted of 51% of the marine debris, wood& papers was 11%, resin pellets & plastics were 8% and others were 16%. 3. Seasonal fluctuations irregularly change in each beach, but the amount of resin pellets were found to be large only in September. It is estimated that resin pellets are beached upon the coastal beaches by the strong warm currents(Tushima currents) during the summer season. 4. Debris fabrication materials that were found had most of parts made up of PE 71.2%, PP 21.2% and EVA 7.7% through these surveys. 5. In the polluted state, the medium one among the 3 specifications(o1d, medium and new state) occupied 88.5% or so.

• 지질공학
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2017

최근들어 발생하는 강우는 지금까지의 강우특성과 비교하여 여름철에 단기간 집중적으로 내리는 형태로 바뀌고 있다. 2011년 강원도 춘천지역에서는 이러한 집중강우로 인해 많은 산사태가 발생하였으며, 이로 인해 재산피해와 인명피해를 야기시켰다. 본 연구의 목적은 강우에 의한 산사태 물질의 이동에 대한 특성을 분석하기 위해서 현장 자료와 수치해석 자료를 활용하여 시간에 따른 특성의 변화 및 강우량에 따른 특성의 변화를 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 항복응력 값의 변화를 통해서 강우량을 재현하였으며, 이를 통해서 어떠한 거동 특성을 보이는지 해석하였다. 그 결과 많은 강우에 의해 항복응력 값이 낮아지는 경우가 빠른 속도의 이동형태를 보이고 동시에 넓은 지역에 걸쳐 확산되는 특성을 확인하였으며, 이러한 결과는 현장에서 확인된 토석류의 흔적과 매우 유사하다는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해서 산사태 발생 당시의 토석류 최대 속도 및 최대 두께 등을 파악하는 것이 가능하다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.112-116
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• 2017

This study applied risk indexes to the disaster flow event occurred at Mt. Umyeon region in 2011. A 2D hydrodynamic model was employed to calculate flow characteristics, and the model was validated against two dam break flow problems conducted by Bellos and EU CADAM project. The model performance was shown to be satisfactory. In order to determine which index is more appropriate to assess the vulnerability of debris flow, 3 risk indexes (FII, FHR and VDI) were considered. It was found that VDI, which determines the risk level only by the velocity factor, consistently predicted the risk level corresponding to 6 because the velocity range was widely organized. However, in the case of FII and FHR, the risk was reasonably quantified due to combined consideration of significant factors of flow velocity and debris thickness. Therefore, FII and FHR are expected to be more accurate than VDI. However, two indexes still need to be improved to include major factors such as debris density or material properties.

• 천문학회보
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.34.2-34.2
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• 2013

Star formation beyond the galaxy discs and the principles governing it have attracted a lot of recent attention and the advent of ultraviolet (UV) and mid-infrared (MIR) telescopes like the GALEX and Spitzer have enabled major advances in such studies. In order to study the HI gas properties such as the morphology, kinematics and column density distributions, and their correlation with the star forming zones, especially in the tidal bridges, tails and debris, we carried out an HI survey of a set of Spitzer-observed interacting systems using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). Here we present results from three of these systems, Arp86, Arp181 and Arp202. In Arp86, we detect excellent star-gas correlation in the star forming tidal bridges and tails. In Arp181, we find the two interacting galaxies to be highly gas depleted and the entire gas of the system is found in the form of a massive tidal debris about 70 kpc from the main galaxies. In all three cases, Arp86, Arp181 and Arp202, the tidal debris seem to host ongoing star formation. We also detect three new candidate tidal dwarf galaxies (TDG) in these systems with large quantities of gas associated with them.

• 한국방재안전학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2019

선행연구에서는 강원지역을 대상으로 실제 고속도로 토석류가 발생한 지점의 시계열 강우정보와 강원지역의 강우정보를 이용하여 1시간, 6시간, 3일 확률 강우량을 고속도로 토석류 평가등급에 따라 강우기준으로 사용하는 연구를 수행하였다. 이 연구에서는 선행연구를 통해서 선정된 3가지 강우기준의 적절한 조합과 토석류 평가등급에 따른 강우기준 조정을 통해 실제 고속도로 토석류 조기경보 기준을 제안하였다. 또한, 2013년 토석류가 발생한 5개 지점에 대해서는 강수량이 많았던 2010~2012년 시계열 강우자료를 이용하여 모의평가를 수행하였다. 연구결과, 적절한 조합의 고속도로 토석류 조기경보를 위한 기준이 마련되었으며 등급별 기준조정의 경우에는 토석류 평가등급 C, D, E의 경우는 현실적인 점을 고려하여 B등급의 값으로 통일하여 적용하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 모니터링의 피로도가 문제가 되지 않는다면, 그 이상인 A 또는 S로 조정하는 것도 고속도로 토석류 발생에 대해 적극적으로 대처하는 방법이 될 수 있다고 판단된다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.169-189
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• 2010

This paper describes the use of coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Rigid Body Dynamics (RBD) in modelling the aerodynamic behaviour of wind-borne plate type objects. Unsteady 2D and 3D Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) CFD models are used to simulate the unsteady and non-uniform flow field surrounding static, forced rotating, auto-rotating and free-flying plates. The auto-rotation phenomenon itself is strongly influenced by vortex shedding, and the realisable k-epsilon turbulence modelling approach is used, with a second order implicit time advancement scheme and equal or higher order advection schemes for the flow variables. Sequentially coupling the CFD code with a RBD solver allows a more detailed modelling of the Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) behaviour of the plate and how this influences plate motion. The results are compared against wind tunnel experiments on auto-rotating plates and an existing 3D analytical model.